Revolutionizing Prosthetic Design with Auxetic Metamaterials and Structures: A Review of Mechanical Properties and Limitations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. State of the Art
3. Poisson’s Ratio and Other Mechanical Properties
4. Regarding Prosthetics
5. Limitation to Implement Auxetic Metamaterials
6. Future Prospects
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Poisson’s Ratio |
---|---|
Stainless Steel [45] | 0.2535–0.2774 |
Thermoplastic Polyurethane Foam [46] | 0.25 |
Nanoporous Gold [47] | 0.4 |
Carbon Fibre [48] | 0.26–0.28 |
Cork [49,50] | 0 |
Cat Skin [51,52] | −0.3 |
Name/Title | Objective | Comparison Aspect | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FEA Tool | FEA Method | Material | Validation | ||
General Comparison [82] | Comparing mechanical properties of past Auxetic Geometries | NX-Nastran | Compression | Epoxy Resin | Past Data |
3D Re-entrant Hexagon [83] | Developing analytical model | Solidworks COSMOS | Compression | VeroWhitePlus | Experimental |
Ancient Motif [84] | Developing structure based on existing (ancient) geometries | N/A | Tensile | Natural Latex Rubber | Experimental |
Blast resistance (re-entrant hexagon) [22] | Investigating blast resistance of an auxetic panel | LS-DYNA | Blast Test | Aluminium Alloy | Experimental |
Graded auxetic hexagon [85] | Investigating flexural properties of auxetic panel | ABAQUS | 3-P-Flexural | PLA | Experimental DIC |
Planar 3D chiral with rectangular central node [76] | Investigating mechanical properties of novel arrangement for 3D Chiral | ANSYS APDL | Compression | UV Curable Resin | Experimental |
Shape matching [86] | Developing the concept of shape-matching | ABAQUS | Tensile | PLA | Experimental |
Non-positive thermal expansion [87] | Developing 3D structure with two unique behavior | ANSYS | Compression | Steel-Invar and Aluminium-Invar | Numerical |
Star honeycomb [88] | Investigating crushing behavior on star honeycomb | LS-DYNA | Crushing | Aluminium Alloy | Numerical |
Peanut inspired [89] | Developing 2D structure based on natural geometries | ABAQUS | Tensile | PLA | Experimental |
Turtle inspired [90] | Developing 2D structure based on natural geometries | ABAQUS | Compression | Aluminium | Numerical |
4D-Printing SMP [91] | Developing Shape-Memory-Alloy | ANSYS | Tensile | SMP FlexPro | Experimental |
Foam for structure [61] | Investigating the effect of filler foam in hexagonal structure | ABAQUS | Compression | TPU SR and FR Foam | Experimental |
Ballistic resistance [92] | Investigating the potential of auxetic for ballistic resistance | ABAQUS | Ballistic Impact | Carbon Fiber Epoxy Resin | Experimental |
Foam for tubular auxetic [62] | Investigating the effect of filler foam in tubular auxetic structure | ABAQUS | Compression | Stainless Steel PU Foam | Experimental |
Additional node for re-entrant hexagon [67] | Modifying the design of re-entrant hexagon by applying additional nodes | ABAQUS | Compression | ABS | Experimental |
Stretching dominated deformation [93] | Developing a structure with deformation behavior that is dominated by stretching | ABAQUS | Compression | CFRP | Experimental |
Double U [19] | Improving mechanical properties by converting into curve (Double U) | ABAQUS | Compression | Stainless Steel | Experimental |
Additional ligament DAH and re-entrant hexagon [69] | Improving stiffness by adding ligament | ABAQUS | Tensile | SLA | Experimental |
3D-Planar anti-chiral [94] | Implementation of oblique node on auxetic structure | ABAQUS | Tensile | VeroWhitePlus | Experimental |
Graded chiral [95] | Investigating the out-of-plane impact energy absorption of graded chiral | ABAQUS | Dynamic Crushing | DP590 Steel | Numerical |
Auxetic stent [24] | Designing auxetic stent for CAD | ABAQUS | Practical Simulation | 316L Stainless Steel | Theoretical |
Ballistic resistance honeycomb sandwich [96] | Examining the performance of HSP with auxetic structure | ANSYS and LS DYNA | Ballistic impact simulation | Aluminium alloy AA6060 T4 | Theoretical |
Inverted tetrapod [97] | Proposing the base geometry of inverted tetrapod as auxetic structure | LS-DYNA | Quasi-static | Ti-6A1-4V Alloy powder | Experimental |
Out-of-plane ballistic performance [98] | Exploring the performance of out-of-plane ballistic performance of different HSP | ABAQUS | Ballistic impact simulation | 5052-H39 Aluminium sheets | Numerical |
RPC filler for honeycomb [99] | Examining the performance of auxetic HSP filled with RPC | LS-DYNA | Ballistic impact simulation | 45 Steel | Numerical |
Sandwich panel with CFRP sheet [100] | Applying a CFRP as face sheet for auxetic HSP | LS-DYNA | Ballistic impact | AlSi10Mg | Experimental |
Auxetic in doubly curved HSP [101] | Implementation of oblique node on auxetic structure | ABAQUS | Tensile | VeroWhitePlus | Experimental |
Modified re-entrant honeycomb [21] | Additional horizontal member between vertical and re-entrant on a semi-re-entrant honeycomb model | Soliworks and ABAQUS | Tensile | Acrylic Sheet | Experimental and numerical |
Comparison | State-of-the-Arts | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transtibial Socket Inlay | Transfemoral Socket Liner | Heel-Off Foot | Toe-Off Foot | Bone Implant | |
Testing Method | Both | FEA | FEA | FEA | Both |
Sample Material Fabrication | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
Prototyping | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Sample Experimental Testing | ASTM D575 | No | No | No | ASTM F-32 |
Prototype Practical Testing | No | No | No | No | No |
Validation | Experimental | Numerical | Numerical | Gait Data | Experimental |
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Share and Cite
Fardan, M.F.; Lenggana, B.W.; Ubaidillah, U.; Choi, S.-B.; Susilo, D.D.; Khan, S.Z. Revolutionizing Prosthetic Design with Auxetic Metamaterials and Structures: A Review of Mechanical Properties and Limitations. Micromachines 2023, 14, 1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061165
Fardan MF, Lenggana BW, Ubaidillah U, Choi S-B, Susilo DD, Khan SZ. Revolutionizing Prosthetic Design with Auxetic Metamaterials and Structures: A Review of Mechanical Properties and Limitations. Micromachines. 2023; 14(6):1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061165
Chicago/Turabian StyleFardan, Muhammad Faris, Bhre Wangsa Lenggana, U Ubaidillah, Seung-Bok Choi, Didik Djoko Susilo, and Sohaib Zia Khan. 2023. "Revolutionizing Prosthetic Design with Auxetic Metamaterials and Structures: A Review of Mechanical Properties and Limitations" Micromachines 14, no. 6: 1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061165