Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Major Players in the Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Molecular Mechanisms of Monocyte/Macrophage Mobilization
2.1. Soluble Factors Mediating Monocyte/Macrophage Mobilization into Tumors
2.2. Roles of ECM Components and Their Fragments in Controlling Macrophage Recruitment and Polarization
2.3. Hypoxia Promotes Macrophage Recruitment into Hypoxic Areas
3. Polarization of Macrophages toward the Pro-Angiogenic Phenotype
4. Macrophage-Dependent Promotion of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis
5. Significant Contribution of Macrophages to Pre-metastatic Niche Formation
6. TAM-Mediated Immunosuppression in Tumor Microenvironment
7. Roles of TAMs in Self-Renewal and Chemotherapeutic Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells
8. Future Prospects in TAM-Targeting Cancer Therapy
9. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chanmee, T.; Ontong, P.; Konno, K.; Itano, N. Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Major Players in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers 2014, 6, 1670-1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers6031670
Chanmee T, Ontong P, Konno K, Itano N. Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Major Players in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers. 2014; 6(3):1670-1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers6031670
Chicago/Turabian StyleChanmee, Theerawut, Pawared Ontong, Kenjiro Konno, and Naoki Itano. 2014. "Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Major Players in the Tumor Microenvironment" Cancers 6, no. 3: 1670-1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers6031670