Enhanced Biodegradation Rate of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Composites Using Reed Fiber
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Sample Films
2.3. Enzymatic Degradation Tests
2.4. Composting Degradation Tests
2.5. Characterization
2.5.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.5.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.5.3. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Enzymatic Degradation
3.1.1. Weight Loss Analysis
3.1.2. SEM Morphology
3.1.3. DSC Analysis
3.1.4. FTIR Analysis
3.2. Composting Biodegradation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Value |
---|---|
Ph | 7.20 ± 0.02 |
Total dry solids (%) a | 50.1 ± 0.13 |
Volatile solids (%) b | 18.6 ± 0.09 |
Total organic carbon content (%) | 12.62 ± 0.07 |
Cabon/nitrogen ratio | 14.9 ± 0.1 |
Samples | Time (Days) | Tm1 (°C) | Tm2 (°C) | ΔHm (J/g) | Xc (%) | Samples | Time (Days) | Tm1 (°C) | Tm2 (°C) | ΔHm (J/g) | Xc (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PBAT-LIP | 0 | - | 126.5 | 21.57 | 18.92 | PBAT/RF-Lip | 0 | - | 125.5 | 20.25 | 22.20 |
3 | - | 127.5 | 23.18 | 20.33 | 3 | - | 128.1 | 22.84 | 25.04 | ||
9 | 124.1 | 128.5 | 24.82 | 21.77 | 9 | 123.5 | 129.8 | 23.66 | 25.94 | ||
15 | 123.9 | 129.2 | 25.77 | 22.61 | 15 | 123.3 | 130.2 | 24.75 | 27.14 | ||
PBAT-CEL | 0 | - | 126.1 | 20.66 | 18.12 | PBAT/RF-Cel | 0 | - | 125.8 | 20.98 | 23.00 |
3 | - | 126.7 | 20.84 | 18.28 | 3 | - | 126.8 | 20.27 | 22.23 | ||
9 | - | 127.3 | 21.67 | 19.01 | 9 | - | 127.2 | 22.15 | 24.29 | ||
15 | - | 127.1 | 22.51 | 19.25 | 15 | - | 127.6 | 22.84 | 25.04 | ||
PBAT-PRO | 0 | - | 125.5 | 21.53 | 18.89 | PBAT/RF-Pro | 0 | - | 126.6 | 22.07 | 24.20 |
3 | - | 126.0 | 21.89 | 19.20 | 3 | - | 127.2 | 23.17 | 25.41 | ||
9 | - | 126.2 | 22.17 | 19.45 | 9 | - | 128.8 | 24.06 | 26.38 | ||
15 | - | 127.8 | 24.67 | 21.64 | 15 | - | 129.5 | 25.59 | 28.06 | ||
PBAT-EET | 0 | - | 126.2 | 21.75 | 19.08 | PBAT/RF-Est | 0 | - | 126.4 | 22.65 | 24.84 |
3 | - | 126.8 | 22.44 | 19.68 | 3 | - | 128.0 | 23.29 | 25.54 | ||
9 | - | 126.8 | 23.66 | 20.75 | 9 | - | 128.1 | 24.95 | 27.36 | ||
15 | - | 128.3 | 24.59 | 21.57 | 15 | - | 129.1 | 25.81 | 28.30 |
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Xu, J.; Feng, K.; Li, Y.; Xie, J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Hu, Q. Enhanced Biodegradation Rate of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Composites Using Reed Fiber. Polymers 2024, 16, 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16030411
Xu J, Feng K, Li Y, Xie J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Hu Q. Enhanced Biodegradation Rate of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Composites Using Reed Fiber. Polymers. 2024; 16(3):411. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16030411
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Jia, Kunpeng Feng, Yuan Li, Jixing Xie, Yingsai Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, and Qing Hu. 2024. "Enhanced Biodegradation Rate of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Composites Using Reed Fiber" Polymers 16, no. 3: 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16030411