Study on the Interaction of Polymeric Chemical Additives with Phase Change Materials in Air Lime Renders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Zeta Potential
- (a)
- 5% wt/wt aqueous lime suspensions with consecutive additions of 1 mL of 5% wt/wt PCM suspensions in water in order to study the interaction between lime and the PCMs.
- (b)
- Titration with 0.02 M NaOH of 5% wt/wt PCM suspensions in water with varying amounts of superplasticizer (0%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight of PCM) or starch derivative (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% by weight of PCM) in order to study the interactions of these chemical additives with the PCMs as a function of pH.
- (c)
- Titration of 5% wt/wt lime and 5% bwol (by weight of lime) of PCM with 1% wt/wt aqueous suspensions of superplasticizer or adhesion booster in order to assess the PCM-lime interactions with the chemical additives.
- (d)
- Titration of 5% wt/wt lime, 5% bwol of PCM and 0.50% bwol of adhesion booster with 1% wt/wt of superplasticizer (SP).
- (e)
- Titration of 5% wt/wt lime, 5% bwol of PCM and 0.75% or 1.50% bwol of SP with 1% wt/wt adhesion booster. These last two sets of experiments were performed for the evaluation of the PCM-lime interactions with the two chemical additives simultaneously.
2.2.2. Particle Size
- (a)
- Suspensions containing 5% wt/wt of PCM in water were prepared, with varying amounts of superplasticizer (0%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight of PCM) or the starch derivative (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% by weight of PCM). This aimed to investigate the interaction between the PCMs and these additives.
- (b)
- Another set of experiments involved suspensions comprising 5% wt/wt of lime, 5% by weight of lime of PCM, and varying amounts of superplasticizer (0%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.5% bwol) or starch derivative (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% bwol). This was performed to examine the interaction between the PCM-lime matrix and the superplasticizer and adhesion booster.
- (c)
- The last set of experiments consisted of aqueous suspensions containing 5% wt/wt lime, 5% bwol of PCM, 0.50% bwol of adhesion booster and varying amounts of superplasticizer (0%, 0.75%, and 1.50% bwol). This last set was conducted in order to evaluate the simultaneous interaction of the superplasticizer and adhesion booster with the PCM-lime matrix.
2.2.3. Optical Microscopy
2.2.4. Viscosity
2.2.5. Adsorption
2.2.6. Obtaining of the Mortars
2.2.7. Fresh State Tests
3. Results
3.1. Assessment of Compatibility and Interactions of Additives and Lime Particles with PCMs
3.2. Optimization of the Mix Composition
3.3. Fresh State Characterization
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SP (% bwol) | Apparent Viscosity (mPa·s) | Starch (% bwol) | Apparent Viscosity (mPa·s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
HTPCM | 0.00 | 422 | 0.00 | 422 |
0.75 | 198 | 0.75 | 10,720 | |
LTPCM | 0.00 | 2690 | 0.00 | 2690 |
0.75 | 1644 | 0.75 | 11,850 |
Starch (% bwol) | SP (% bwol) | Apparent Viscosity (mPa·s) | |
---|---|---|---|
HTPCM | 0.50 | 0.00 | 11,660 |
0.50 | 0.50 | 4763 | |
LTPCM | 0.50 | 0.00 | 3297 |
0.50 | 0.50 | 2275 |
Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qm (mg/g) | b (L/mg) | R2 | K | 1/n | R2 | |
HTPCM | 6591.6 | 7.16 × 10−7 | 0.8133 | 0.00486 | 0.9958 | 0.9999 |
LTPCM | 4578.5 | 1.03 × 10−6 | 0.9673 | 0.00494 | 0.9941 | 0.9999 |
Render | LTPCM (% bwol) | HTPCM (% bwol) | SP (% bwol) | Starch (% bwol) |
---|---|---|---|---|
REF-1 | - | - | 0.60 | 0.50 |
HTPCM-1 | - | 5 | 0.75 | 0.50 |
HTPCM-2 | - | 10 | 0.75 | 0.50 |
HTPCM-3 | - | 20 | 0.75 | 0.50 |
LTPCM-1 | 5 | - | 0.75 | 0.50 |
LTPCM-2 | 10 | - | 0.75 | 0.50 |
LTPCM-3 | 20 | - | 0.75 | 0.50 |
Render | Slump (mm) | Stiffening Time (min) | Paste Density (kg/L) | Entrained Air (%) | Water Retentivity (%) | Qualitative Evaluation of Rendering (0–3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
REF-1 | 182 | 1157 | 1.94 | 4.3 | 95.9 | 3 |
HTPCM-1 | 177 | 1211 | 1.83 | 6.3 | 95.2 | 3 |
HTPCM-2 | 175 | 1392 | 1.85 | 7.0 | 93.1 | 3 |
HTPCM-3 | 161 | 1432 | 1.79 | 7.0 | 92.2 | 3 |
LTPCM-1 | 178 | 1119 | 1.95 | 2.2 | 93.5 | 3 |
LTPCM-2 | 189 | 1580 | 1.93 | 1.7 | 92.3 | 3 |
LTPCM-3 | 183 | 1769 | 1.89 | 1.1 | 93.1 | 2 |
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Rubio-Aguinaga, A.; Fernández, J.M.; Navarro-Blasco, Í.; Álvarez, J.I. Study on the Interaction of Polymeric Chemical Additives with Phase Change Materials in Air Lime Renders. Polymers 2024, 16, 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081121
Rubio-Aguinaga A, Fernández JM, Navarro-Blasco Í, Álvarez JI. Study on the Interaction of Polymeric Chemical Additives with Phase Change Materials in Air Lime Renders. Polymers. 2024; 16(8):1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081121
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubio-Aguinaga, Andrea, José María Fernández, Íñigo Navarro-Blasco, and José Ignacio Álvarez. 2024. "Study on the Interaction of Polymeric Chemical Additives with Phase Change Materials in Air Lime Renders" Polymers 16, no. 8: 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081121