Effects of Acid and Salt Solutions on the Pasting, Rheology and Texture of Lotus Root Starch–Konjac Glucomannan Mixture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Pasting Test
2.3. Rheology Test
2.4. Texture Test
2.5. Microstructure Observation
2.6. Data Processing
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Pasting Properties
3.2. Static Shear Rheology
3.3. Dynamic Viscoelastic Rheology
3.4. Dynamic Time Scanning
3.5. Gel Texture Test
3.6. Microstructure Observation
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Peak viscosity (mPa·s) | Final viscosity (mPa·s) | Breakdown viscosity (mPa·s) | Setback viscosity (mPa·s) | Peak time (min) | Pasting temperature (°C) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acid (citric acid buffer) | pH 3 | 4493.5 ± 10.4 b | 1163.5 ± 5.3 b | 3680.5 ± 5.3 a | 350.5 ± 3.1 b | 6.73 ± 0.24 a | 67.72 ± 1.23 a |
pH 7 | 4880.0 ± 12.3 a | 1914.5 ± 7.2 a | 3559.5 ± 8.7 a | 594.0 ± 2.0 a | 7.10 ± 0.17 a | 69.47 ± 0.97 a | |
Salt | Without salts | 4410.5 ± 14.1 e | 2053.4 ± 6.0 e | 2942.1 ± 10.3 b | 998.6 ± 10.2 a | 6.27 ± 0.12 c | 51.95 ± 0.74 c |
0.1 mol/L NaCl | 4476.4 ± 19.3 e | 2240.5 ± 4.4 c | 2996.4 ± 9.5 b | 760.5 ± 8.4 b | 6.81 ± 0.07 b | 65.75 ± 1.04 b | |
0.5 mol/L NaCl | 4526.5 ± 7.8 d | 2263.6 ± 7.5 c | 3017.3 ± 6.6 b | 455.7 ± 5.4 e | 7.53 ± 0.25 a | 72.75 ± 2.33 a | |
1.0 mol/L NaCl | 4835.5 ± 20.4 bc | 2513.9 ± 8.6 a | 3025.6 ± 9.4 b | 510.5 ± 7.3 de | 7.67 ± 0.09 a | 73.75 ± 2.18 a | |
0.1 mol/L KCl | 4417.8 ± 11.2 e | 2294.6 ± 8.3 bc | 2947.5 ± 8.2 b | 793.9 ± 3.6 b | 6.83 ± 0.14 b | 66.05 ± 1.34 b | |
0.5 mol/L KCl | 4747.6 ± 7.4 c | 2393.9 ± 4.9 ab | 2981.2 ± 10.2 b | 627.4 ± 4.5 c | 7.27 ± 0.22 a | 70.65 ± 1.45 a | |
1.0 mol/L KCl | 4961.5 ± 14.2 b | 2494.0 ± 2.8 a | 3027.5 ± 14.3 b | 559.6 ± 6.5 d | 7.47 ± 0.04 a | 71.43 ± 2.40 a | |
0.1 mol/L Ca2Cl | 4615.7 ± 12.1 cd | 2152.5 ± 5.0 d | 3009.1 ± 11.2 b | 544.6 ± 3.4 d | 6.93 ± 0.09 b | 67.45 ± 2.21 b | |
0.5 mol/L Ca2Cl | 4919.0 ± 15.8 b | 2331.7 ± 9.4 b | 3043.4 ± 13.3 b | 456.3 ± 9.5 e | 7.60 ± 0.32 a | 71.91 ± 2.72 a | |
1.0 mol/L Ca2Cl | 5721.5 ± 10.1 a | 2461.4 ± 10.7 a | 3773.2 ± 10.4 a | 513.5 ± 5.8 de | 7.47 ± 0.21 a | 72.13 ± 1.29 a |
Sample | Uplink line | Downlink line | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K (Pa·sn) | n | R2 | K (Pa·sn) | n | R2 | ||
Acid (citric acid buffer) | pH 3 | 44.564 ± 1.224 b | 0.395 ± 0.005 a | 0.997 ± 0.001 a | 35.919 ± 0.652 b | 0.427 ± 0.003 a | 0.995 ± 0.002 a |
pH 7 | 53.389 ± 1.103 a | 0.372 ± 0.004 b | 0.991 ± 0.002 a | 40.578 ± 0.839 a | 0.415 ± 0.004 b | 0.992 ± 0.001 a | |
Salt | Without salts | 64.647 ± 1.618 c | 0.323 ± 0.004 d | 0.998 ± 0.001 a | 42.367 ± 1.025 d | 0.379 ± 0.005 c | 0.998 ± 0.001 a |
0.1 mol/L NaCl | 65.177 ± 1.182 c | 0.351 ± 0.003 c | 0.998 ± 0.002 a | 45.178 ± 0.960 c | 0.380 ± 0.003 c | 0.992 ± 0.001 a | |
0.5 mol/L NaCl | 68.271 ± 1.848 b | 0.349 ± 0.005 c | 0.997 ± 0.001 a | 48.843 ± 0.992 b | 0.405 ± 0.004 b | 0.999 ± 0.002 a | |
1.0 mol/L NaCl | 69.256 ± 2.606 b | 0.374 ± 0.007 b | 0.996 ± 0.003 a | 52.241 ± 1.208 a | 0.422 ± 0.004 a | 0.998 ± 0.001 a | |
0.1 mol/L KCl | 65.647 ± 1.652 c | 0.345 ± 0.005 c | 0.997 ± 0.002 a | 45.960 ± 0.830 c | 0.400 ± 0.003 b | 0.999 ± 0.003 a | |
0.5 mol/L KCl | 66.668 ± 1.466 c | 0.359 ± 0.004 c | 0.998 ± 0.001 a | 47.962 ± 0.917 b | 0.407 ± 0.003 b | 0.990 ± 0.003 a | |
1.0 mol/L KCl | 67.302 ± 1.598 bc | 0.371 ± 0.004 b | 0.993 ± 0.002a | 49.326 ± 0.925 b | 0.421 ± 0.003 a | 0.998 ± 0.002 a | |
0.1 mol/L Ca2Cl | 66.381 ± 1.702 c | 0.381 ± 0.006 b | 0.997 ± 0.001 a | 47.844 ± 0.961 b | 0.408 ± 0.004 b | 0.998 ± 0.003 a | |
0.5 mol/L Ca2Cl | 72.193 ± 1.540 b | 0.410 ± 0.005 a | 0.998 ± 0.002 a | 53.416 ± 0.885 a | 0.429 ± 0.003 a | 0.991 ± 0.003 a | |
1.0 mol/L Ca2Cl | 77.592 ± 0.978 a | 0.438 ± 0.003 a | 0.994 ± 0.001 a | 56.162 ± 1.281 a | 0.445 ± 0.004 a | 0.993 ± 0.001 a |
Sample | Hardness (g) | Cohesiveness | Elasticity (mm) | Adhesiveness (mJ) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acid (citric acid buffer) | pH 3 | 80.11 ± 2.46 b | 0.42 ± 0.02 b | 12.70 ± 0.18 b | 0.81 ± 0.01 b |
pH 7 | 100.02 ± 12.29 a | 0.47 ± 0.02 a | 13.27 ± 0.15 a | 0.91 ± 0.04 a | |
Salt | Without salts | 105.34 ± 10.21 a | 0.45 ± 0.04 e | 12.97 ± 0.28 b | 0.71 ± 0.15 b |
0.1 mol/L NaCl | 87.69 ± 3.57 b | 0.57 ± 0.04 d | 12.66 ± 0.58 b | 0.65 ± 0.15 b | |
0.5 mol/L NaCl | 92.32 ± 6.33 b | 0.54 ± 0.05 d | 12.96 ± 0.74 b | 0.75 ± 0.01 b | |
1.0 mol/L NaCl | 85.20 ± 3.22 b | 0.63 ± 0.02 c | 13.42 ± 0.17 ab | 0.84 ± 0.12 ab | |
0.1 mol/L KCl | 67.89 ± 5.37 c | 0.61 ± 0.01 c | 12.73 ± 0.48 b | 0.70 ± 0.05 b | |
0.5 mol/L KCl | 61.42 ± 3.91 c | 0.66 ± 0.07 bc | 12.84 ± 0.73 b | 0.73 ± 0.21 b | |
1.0 mol/L KCl | 36.73 ± 2.47 d | 0.87 ± 0.11 a | 14.76 ± 0.84 a | 0.85 ± 0.22 ab | |
0.1 mol/L Ca2Cl | 67.48 ± 3.99 c | 0.61 ± 0.06 c | 12.90 ± 0.13 b | 0.73 ± 0.25 b | |
0.5 mol/L Ca2Cl | 72.68 ± 4.53 c | 0.71 ± 0.03 b | 13.48 ± 0.54 ab | 1.15 ± 0.15 a | |
1.0 mol/L Ca2Cl | 49.39 ± 3.58 d | 0.75 ± 0.02 b | 14.85 ± 0.45 a | 1.26 ± 0.13 a |
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Zhang, F.; Liu, M.; Mo, F.; Zhang, M.; Zheng, J. Effects of Acid and Salt Solutions on the Pasting, Rheology and Texture of Lotus Root Starch–Konjac Glucomannan Mixture. Polymers 2017, 9, 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9120695
Zhang F, Liu M, Mo F, Zhang M, Zheng J. Effects of Acid and Salt Solutions on the Pasting, Rheology and Texture of Lotus Root Starch–Konjac Glucomannan Mixture. Polymers. 2017; 9(12):695. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9120695
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Fusheng, Min Liu, Fang Mo, Meixia Zhang, and Jiong Zheng. 2017. "Effects of Acid and Salt Solutions on the Pasting, Rheology and Texture of Lotus Root Starch–Konjac Glucomannan Mixture" Polymers 9, no. 12: 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9120695