Cell-Free Approaches in Synthetic Biology Utilizing Microfluidics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cell-Free Protein Synthesis
3. Microfluidic Technology
4. Microfluidic Platforms and Cell-Free Applications
4.1. De Novo Gene Synthesis in Microfluidics
4.2. Microfluidic Cell-Free Protein Synthesis
4.3. Microfluidics and Proteomics
4.4. Artificial Cells in Microfluidics
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell-Based System | Versus | Cell-Free System |
---|---|---|
Yes | Needs cloning | No |
No | Ability to produce toxic protein | Yes |
No | Ability to express multiple genes | Yes |
No | Usually generate functional, soluble, and folded proteins | Yes |
No | Possible adjusting and controlling by the addition of helper molecules | Yes |
No | Possible incorporation of non-natural or chemically modified amino acids | Yes |
Yes | Native environment | No |
Days | Time | Hours |
Low | Costs | High |
Escherichia coli Extract | Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate | Wheat Germ Extract | Yeast Cells, Tumor Cells, Insects | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Protein yields | High (mg) | Low (µg) | High (mg) | Low (µg) |
Generated proteins | Many incomplete polypeptides | Mainly full-length, folded proteins | Mainly full-length, folded, multidomain proteins | Mainly full-length, folded, multidomain proteins |
Translation modifications | Post-translation | Co-translation | Co-translation | Co-translation |
Recommended template sources | Bacteria | Prokaryotic (bacteria, mammalian virus, plant virus), Eukaryotic (plants, animals) | Prokaryotic (bacteria, plant virus), Eukaryotic (plants, animals) | - |
Genetic modification tools | Well established | Poor | Poor | Poor |
Extract preparation | Simple | Requires complex manipulation of animal tissues but cell breakage is easy and fast | Complex and time- consuming | Cell cultivation is complex and time-consuming, but cell breakage is easy and fast |
Cost | Low | High | Low | High |
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Damiati, S.; Mhanna, R.; Kodzius, R.; Ehmoser, E.-K. Cell-Free Approaches in Synthetic Biology Utilizing Microfluidics. Genes 2018, 9, 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030144
Damiati S, Mhanna R, Kodzius R, Ehmoser E-K. Cell-Free Approaches in Synthetic Biology Utilizing Microfluidics. Genes. 2018; 9(3):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030144
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamiati, Samar, Rami Mhanna, Rimantas Kodzius, and Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser. 2018. "Cell-Free Approaches in Synthetic Biology Utilizing Microfluidics" Genes 9, no. 3: 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030144