Spatiotemporal Variations and Climatological Trends in Precipitation Indices in Shaanxi Province, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
2.3. Homogenization of Data
2.4. Methods
2.4.1. Extreme Precipitation Indices
2.4.2. Concentration Index (CI)
2.4.3. Trend Test Methods
2.4.4. Spatial Interpolation
3. Result
3.1. Spatial Analysis of Precipitation Indices
3.2. Trend Analysis of Extreme Rainfall Indices
3.3. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Precipitation Concentration Index
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Station Name | Latitude | Longitude | Station Name | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yulin | 38.16 N | 109.47 E | Huashan | 34.29 N | 110.05 E |
Shenmu | 38.49 N | 110.28 E | Qindu | 34.24 N | 108.43 E |
Dingbian | 37.35 N | 107.35 E | Liuba | 33.38 N | 106.56 E |
Hengshan | 37.56 N | 109.14 E | Fuoping | 33.31 N | 107.59 E |
Suide | 37.30 N | 110.13 E | Shangxian | 33.52 N | 109.58 E |
Changwu | 35.12 N | 107.48 E | Ningqiang | 32.5 N | 106.15 E |
Luochuan | 35.46 N | 109.25 E | Shiquan | 33.03 N | 108.16 E |
Pucheng | 34.57 N | 109.35 E | Zhenba | 32.32 N | 107.54 E |
Taibai | 34.02 N | 107.19 E | Ankang | 32.43 N | 109.02 E |
Yongshou | 34.42 N | 108.09 E | Zhenping | 31.54 N | 109.32 E |
Wugong | 34.15 N | 108.13 E |
Indices | Description | Units |
---|---|---|
PRCPTOT | Annual total precipitation in wet days | mm |
Wet Days | Annual count of days when RR ≥ 1 mm | day |
R25 | Annual count of days when RR ≥ 25 mm | day |
R50 | Annual count of days when RR ≥ 50 mm | day |
SDII | Annual total precipitation divided by the number of wet days in the year | mm/day |
CWD | Continuous wet days | day |
Rx1day | Maximum daily precipitation | mm |
Rx3day | Maximum precipitation for three consecutive days | mm |
Station Name | Changepoint | Station Name | Changepoint |
---|---|---|---|
Yulin | 1963/1965 | Huashan | 1980 |
Shenmu | 1963/1970 | Qindu | 1975/1979 |
Dingbian | 1969/1971 | Liuba | 1971 |
Hengshan | 1962/1969 | Fuoping | 1975 |
Suide | 1980 | Shangxian | 1976 |
Changwu | 1974/1976 | Ningqiang | 1971 |
Luochuan | 1979 | Shiquan | 1962/1977 |
Pucheng | 1973/1977 | Zhenba | 1972/1985 |
Taibai | 1978 | Ankang | 1962/1987 |
Yongshou | 1979 | Zhenping | 1982 |
Wugong | 1977 |
Station Name | Z Value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRCPTOT | Wet Days | R30 | R50 | SDII | CWD | Rx1day | Rx3day | |
Yulin | −1.5005 | −1.9872 * | −1.5469 | −0.8633 | −0.2260 | 0.68421 | 0.026832 | 0.03354 |
Shenmu | −1.2508 | −0.5725 | −2.3274 * | −1.9664 * | −1.0392 | −0.2482 | −0.19453 | 0.85862 |
Dingbian | −1.7486 | −0.1494 | −1.8731 | −2.6074 * | −1.6553 | 0.18782 | 1.9386 | 1.5361 |
Hengshan | −2.0857 * | −2.9374 * | −2.2885 * | −2.1668 * | −3.4994 * | 0.80496 | −0.98607 | 0.26832 |
Suide | −3.0764 * | −4.8898 * | −2.7056 * | −1.8076 | −0.8517 | −1.5831 | −0.4159 | 0.70434 |
Changwu | −4.0636 * | −1.5246 | −3.6653 * | −3.9516 * | −4.2378 * | 2.0661 * | 0.83179 | 1.5361 |
Luochuan | −4.3653 * | −4.2585 * | −4.0747 * | −2.8529 * | −2.2953 * | 2.8308 * | 0.18782 | 0.31528 |
Pucheng | −2.1973 * | −3.2959 * | −1.5302 | −1.0463 | 0.2420 | −1.724 | −0.62384 | 0.95924 |
Taibai | −5.4326 * | −4.2689 * | −4.7232 * | −4.8290 * | −6.4033 * | −1.3483 | −2.0459 * | −1.8984 |
Yongshou | −3.4659 * | −2.4588 * | −1.6610 | −3.3024 * | −2.8381 * | −1.3483 | −2.0459 * | −1.8984 |
Wugong | −2.7597 * | −3.1717 * | −1.9749 * | −2.7466 * | −1.0332 | −1.8648 | 0.99949 | 0.71105 |
Huashan | −6.5270 * | −3.9064 * | −5.8878 * | −5.8029 * | −5.4689 * | −0.5903 | −1.2879 | −1.241 |
Qindu | −2.3210 * | −2.9851 * | −1.1269 | −1.3886 | −0.3824 | −1.4221 | 1.4623 | 1.1739 |
Liuba | −2.5703 * | −2.4427 * | −2.0282 * | −1.8050 | −2.0473 * | −1.3751 | −0.57689 | 0.06037 |
Fuoping | −3.6964 * | −3.8644 * | −1.9602 * | −3.0057 * | −2.0411 * | −1.355 | 0.53664 | 0.28174 |
Shangxian | −3.5051 * | −4.0787 * | −2.2827 * | −2.4275 * | −1.6802 | 0.34211 | 2.113 * | 1.2209 |
Ningqiang | −3.6653 * | −4.1320 * | −2.8688 * | −1.6055 | −2.3585 * | −1.9453 | −1.08 | −1.0397 |
Shiquan | −0.4750 | −4.67418 | 0.7572 | 0.6953 | 2.3061 * | 0.13416 | 0.060372 | 1.033 |
Zhenba | −0.5755 | −2.5504 * | −0.1177 | 0.8044 | 0.5428 | 0.10062 | 0.14758 | 0.06708 |
Ankang | −0.2661 | −3.4365 * | 0.7473 | 0.5492 | 1.1606 | 0.10062 | 1.1404 | 0.40919 |
Zhenping | −1.5626 | −0.4888 | −0.7848 | −1.1840 | −1.2047 | 0.59701 | 1.8112 | 0.71105 |
Station Name | Z Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annual | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter | |
Yulin | −2.0858 * | −0.8398 | −1.3010 | −2.3061 * | 0.4268 |
Shenmu | −2.3474 * | 0.1170 | −2.0101 * | 0.2272 | 1.0670 |
Dingbian | 0.9087 | −0.0551 | 1.0257 | 0.5301 | 0.5782 |
Hengshan | −2.3887 * | −0.2478 | −2.5057 * | −1.1496 | −0.1377 |
Suide | −2.7329 * | −2.0170 | −1.6728 | −2.8224 * | −0.5576 |
Changwu | 0.5438 | 0.2341 | 0.0069 | −1.3699 | 0.7572 |
Luochuan | −1.1427 | −0.1308 | −0.9087 | −2.3130 * | −0.1790 |
Pucheng | −3.1528 * | −2.5333 | −1.6108 | −1.9550 | −1.1427 |
Taibai | −1.7003 | −0.7503 | −3.4626 * | −1.8793 | 0.6884 |
Yongshou | 0.0138 | −1.2735 | −0.7572 | 0.4130 | −0.5851 |
Wugong | −0.6264 | −0.7503 | −2.2304 * | −1.2804 | −1.9412 |
Huashan | −0.6884 | −1.5282 | −0.9224 | 0.7435 | −0.8949 |
Qindu | −0.9018 | −0.7435 | −0.8949 | −1.1496 | −1.8999 |
Liuba | 0.2341 | 0.1996 | 2.2786 * | −1.0257 | −0.5232 |
Fuoping | 1.0050 | 0.4406 | 0.1928 | 0.0826 | −1.5420 |
Shangxian | −0.2341 | −1.3424 | −0.5094 | −1.5007 | −1.3217 |
Ningqiang | −1.2873 | −0.4819 | 0.9362 | −0.3235 | −3.2905 * |
Shiquan | −1.7347 | −0.5369 | −1.7967 | −2.3956 * | −2.3543 * |
Zhenba | 0.5163 | −0.1101 | −1.0463 | −0.1377 | 0.6953 |
Ankang | −1.2529 | −0.4130 | −0.9293 | −1.7416 | −3.2629 * |
Zhenping | 1.4731 | 0.9500 | 0.0207 | −0.0895 | −1.0395 |
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Wang, S.; Cao, Z.; Luo, P.; Zhu, W. Spatiotemporal Variations and Climatological Trends in Precipitation Indices in Shaanxi Province, China. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050744
Wang S, Cao Z, Luo P, Zhu W. Spatiotemporal Variations and Climatological Trends in Precipitation Indices in Shaanxi Province, China. Atmosphere. 2022; 13(5):744. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050744
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Shuangtao, Zhe Cao, Pingping Luo, and Wei Zhu. 2022. "Spatiotemporal Variations and Climatological Trends in Precipitation Indices in Shaanxi Province, China" Atmosphere 13, no. 5: 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050744