Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding and Toxicity Tests for the Analysis of Vertical Hydraulic Connectivity through the Vadose Zone
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of the Study Area (Aguascalientes; Mexico)
2.2. Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Geospatial Stage
3.2. Hydraulic Stage
3.3. Geophysical Stage
3.4. Hydrogeochemical Stage
4. Discussion
Vertical Connectivity Zones Located between Vertical Electrical Soundings Data and Hydraulic Modeling
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HAS | Influent (%) | Effluent * (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
1 (one) | LC01 | 20.43 (15.57–25.28) | >95 |
LC10 | 30.49 (26.90–34.08) | >100 | |
LC50 | 44.01 (41.51–46.52) | >100 | |
2 (two) | LC01 | 30.57 (23.74–37.39) | >95 |
LC10 | 40.80 (35.69–45.92) | >100 | |
LC50 | 53.17 (50.14–56.19) | >100 | |
3 (three) | LC01 | 5.94 (1.95–9.93) | >95 |
LC10 | 18.19 (13.34–23.04) | >100 | |
LC50 | 50.74 (33.65–67.82) | >100 |
Well ID | X-Coordinates (m) | Y-Coordinates (m) | Distance to San Pedro River (m) | Topographic Difference between Wellhead and River Bed (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
P002 | 777,406.524 | 2,422,221.559 | 747.34 | 12 |
P046A | 777,550.769 | 2,425,089.548 | 742.84 | 24 |
P051A | 775,819.371 | 2,421,726.304 | 752.45 | 18 |
P054 | 777,455.599 | 2,424,441.877 | 564.081 | 21 |
P057 | 777,465.116 | 2,424,075.273 | 722.02 | 18 |
P064 | 777,114.378 | 2,425,269.177 | 505.68 | 17 |
P066 | 777,128.345 | 2,423,937.525 | 761.82 | 11 |
P066A | 776,054.894 | 2,423,090.543 | 366.27 | 6 |
P067 | 777,277.225 | 2,423,465.874 | 959.28 | 18 |
P070A | 775,622.989 | 2,418,917.316 | 512.16 | 7 |
P075 | 777,136.953 | 2,418,821.750 | 993.37 | 15 |
P076 | 776,951.95 | 2,419,347.070 | 154.99 | 8 |
P079 | 776,449.643 | 2,420,869.657 | 401.01 | 8 |
P081 | 776,287.210 | 2,427,283.600 | 420.6 | 24 |
P097A | 774,914.191 | 2,423,233.058 | 576.15 | 25 |
P098 | 775,439.328 | 2,426,695.966 | 653.65 | 18 |
P098A | 775,658.942 | 2,426,077.059 | 814.09 | 10 |
P101 | 777,228.210 | 2,420,943.063 | 375.5 | 8 |
P102 | 777,600.264 | 2,423,000.040 | 917.34 | 16 |
P106A | 775,682.549 | 2,419,836.920 | 540.35 | 21 |
P107 | 775,547.258 | 2,419,586.371 | 672.8 | 25 |
P113 | 777,175.527 | 2,426,679.710 | 722.4 | 23 |
P119A | 776,307.278 | 2,427,673.988 | 900.3 | 22 |
P155 | 776,677.957 | 2,420,381.110 | 154.5 | 3 |
P184 | 775,129.701 | 2,418,642.189 | 722.12 | 23 |
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Reyes-Cedeño, I.G.; Hernández-Marín, M.; Pacheco-Martínez, J.; Rico-Martínez, R.; Arzate-Cárdenas, M.A.; Pacheco-Guerrero, A.; Luna-Villavicencio, H.; Padilla-Ceniceros, R. Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding and Toxicity Tests for the Analysis of Vertical Hydraulic Connectivity through the Vadose Zone. Water 2024, 16, 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020222
Reyes-Cedeño IG, Hernández-Marín M, Pacheco-Martínez J, Rico-Martínez R, Arzate-Cárdenas MA, Pacheco-Guerrero A, Luna-Villavicencio H, Padilla-Ceniceros R. Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding and Toxicity Tests for the Analysis of Vertical Hydraulic Connectivity through the Vadose Zone. Water. 2024; 16(2):222. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020222
Chicago/Turabian StyleReyes-Cedeño, Isaí Gerardo, Martín Hernández-Marín, Jesús Pacheco-Martínez, Roberto Rico-Martínez, Mario Alberto Arzate-Cárdenas, Anuard Pacheco-Guerrero, Hugo Luna-Villavicencio, and Raudel Padilla-Ceniceros. 2024. "Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding and Toxicity Tests for the Analysis of Vertical Hydraulic Connectivity through the Vadose Zone" Water 16, no. 2: 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020222