Are Coal-Hosted Gallium-Rich Ores Elastically Detectable: A Rock-Physics Modeling Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
2.1. Geological Setting
2.2. Core Samples
2.3. Mineral Enrichment Characteristics
3. Methods
3.1. VRH Average
3.2. DEM Model
3.3. Gassmann Fluid Replacement
3.4. Rock-Physics Modeling Workflow
3.5. Monte Carlo Simulation
4. Results
4.1. Contents in Volume
4.2. Component Moduli and Density
4.3. Elastic Parameters of Cores
4.4. Cross-Plot Characteristics of Cores
5. Discussion
5.1. Cross-Plot Characteristics after Monte Carlo Simulations
5.2. Interpretation Template for Boehmite Content
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The gallium contents in cores of No. 6 coal correlate to boehmite content.
- (2)
- Mineral compositions and contents are critical factors influencing the elastic parameters of cores. Although the elastic parameters in No. 6 coal have vertical heterogeneities, their values are still within the range of bituminous coal [29].
- (3)
- The preferred parameters for distinguishing different mineral-rich cores are the bulk modulus and moduli ratio. The cross plot of bulk modulus vs. moduli ratio can qualitatively distinguish measured cores and Monte-Carlo simulated realizations into different mineral-rich and saturation states properly.
- (4)
- Interpretation templates can quantitatively interpret the boehmite contents in the boehmite-rich cores with acceptable errors considering dry and water-saturated states. With the correlation between boehmite and gallium, researchers can quantitatively interpret the gallium content in cores.
- (5)
- Coal-hosted gallium-rich ores in No. 6 coal and coalbeds with similar mineral composition are elastically detectable, but the detectability of ores hosted in other coalbeds needs further study.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Core | 6–1 | 6–2 | 6–3 | 6–4 | 6–5 | 6–6 | 6–7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content | ||||||||
Organic | 77.5 | 76.7 | 80.1 | 82.9 | 84.4 | 76.3 | 79.9 | |
Clay | 5.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 11.4 | 22.0 | 19.5 | |
Pyrite | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Quartz | 16.3 | 4.7 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Calcite | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | |
Siderite | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Rutile | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Boehmite | 0.0 | 11.9 | 13.1 | 11.0 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Gallium | 12.0 | 57.3 | 76.0 | 65.4 | 30.1 | 65.4 | 15.0 |
Core | 6–1 | 6–2 | 6–3 | 6–4 | 6–5 | 6–6 | 6–7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6–1 | 1 | ||||||
6–2 | 0.83 | 1 | |||||
6–3 | 0.74 | 0.99 | 1 | ||||
6–4 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1 | |||
6–5 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 1 | ||
6–6 | 0.77 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 1 | |
6–7 | 0.96 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.83 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 1 |
Content | Organic | Clay | Pyrite | Quartz | Calcite | Siderite | Rutile | Boehmite | Gallium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organic | 1 | ||||||||
Clay | −0.18 | 1 | |||||||
Pyrite | 0.46 | 0.60 | 1 | ||||||
Quartz | −0.42 | −0.41 | −0.46 | 1 | |||||
Calcite | −0.83 | 0.00 | −0.40 | 0.30 | 1 | ||||
Siderite | 0.06 | −0.37 | −0.31 | −0.14 | 0.29 | 1 | |||
Rutile | −0.19 | −0.47 | −0.45 | 0.00 | 0.06 | −0.24 | 1 | ||
Boehmite | 0.18 | −0.75 | −0.52 | −0.22 | 0.05 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 1 | |
Gallium | −0.07 | −0.24 | −0.34 | −0.47 | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.72 | 1 |
Core Number | 6–1 | 6–2 | 6–3 | 6–4 | 6–5 | 6–6 | 6–7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organic | 85.77 | 86.66 | 88.89 | 90.2 | 88.44 | 80.2 | 83.1 |
Clay | 5.01 | 4.00 | 3.29 | 3.94 | 9.83 | 19.03 | 16.69 |
Pyrite | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
Quartz | 8.85 | 2.61 | 0.87 | 0.48 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Calcite | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 0.55 | 0 |
Siderite | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rutile | 0.0 | 0.55 | 0 | 0.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Boehmite | 0.0 | 5.75 | 6.22 | 5.12 | 1.48 | 0 | 0 |
Content | Organic | Clay | Pyrite | Quartz | Calcite | Siderite | Rutile | Boehmite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulk modulus | 2.9 | 1.5 | 147.4 | 37.0 | 76.8 | 136.4 | 244.8 | 87.5 |
Shear modulus | 2.7 | 1.4 | 132.5 | 44.0 | 32.0 | 66.5 | 63.5 | 64.03 |
Density | 1.3 | 1.58 | 4.93 | 2.65 | 2.71 | 3.8 | 4.25 | 3.04 |
Core Number | True Contents | Interpreted Contents | Absolute Errors | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boehmite /vol% | Gallium /ppm | Ga (WS) /ppm | Ga (dry) /ppm | Ga (WS) /ppm | Ga (dry) /ppm | |
6–2 | 5.8 | 57.3 | 65.3 | 63.6 | 8.0 | 6.3 |
6–3 | 6.2 | 76.0 | 76.1 | 77.7 | 0.1 | 1.7 |
6–4 | 5.1 | 65.4 | 54.5 | 53.7 | 10.9 | 11.7 |
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Chen, T.; Song, X. Are Coal-Hosted Gallium-Rich Ores Elastically Detectable: A Rock-Physics Modeling Perspective. Minerals 2022, 12, 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121619
Chen T, Song X. Are Coal-Hosted Gallium-Rich Ores Elastically Detectable: A Rock-Physics Modeling Perspective. Minerals. 2022; 12(12):1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121619
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Tongjun, and Xiong Song. 2022. "Are Coal-Hosted Gallium-Rich Ores Elastically Detectable: A Rock-Physics Modeling Perspective" Minerals 12, no. 12: 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121619