World-Class PGE-Cu-Ni Talnakh Deposit: New Data on the Structure and Unique Mineralization of the South-Western Branch
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Brief Description of the Geology of the Norilsk Area and the Talnakh Intrusion
2.1. General Characteristic of the Area
2.2. Deep Structure of the Area
2.3. The Position of the Intrusions
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Morphology of the Branches of the Talnakh Intrusion
4.2. Internal Structure of the Intrusive Branches
4.3. The Southern 2 Orebody
4.3.1. Morphology
4.3.2. Chemical Composition of the Ores
4.3.3. Mineral Composition of the Ores
4.3.4. Minerals of Platinum Group Elements (PGM)
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depth, m | 727.4 | 730.2 | 731.1 | 732.5 | 737.8 | 746.5 | 756.6 | 759 | 761.5 | 773.8 |
SiO2 | 43.7 | 49.9 | 50.9 | 57.8 | 49.4 | 50.4 | 49.5 | 48.3 | 49.3 | 48.7 |
TiO2 | 0.46 | 1.37 | 1.71 | 1.20 | 1.63 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.02 | 0.90 |
Al2O3 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 13.8 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 14.4 | 15.1 | 15.4 | 15.2 |
FeO tot. | 10.3 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 8.7 | 12.3 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 9.3 |
MnO | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.16 |
MgO | 12.0 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 2.3 | 5.9 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 9.1 |
CaO | 8.3 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 12.6 |
Na2O | 0.8 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 7.6 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.9 |
K2O | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
P2O5 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.10 |
Cr2O3 | 0.43 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.19 |
LOI | 4.80 | 1.83 | 1.48 | 1.41 | 1.83 | 1.65 | 1.89 | 2.26 | 1.39 | 1.02 |
S | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Ni | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Cu | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
No. | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
Depth, m | 796 | 801 | 807 | 812.3 | 819.5 | 820 | 822.7 | 826.8 | 832 | 844.8 |
SiO2 | 48.3 | 47.9 | 48.4 | 37.0 | 38.4 | 35.7 | 40.0 | 47.6 | 46.1 | 56.3 |
TiO2 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.79 | 0.47 |
Al2O3 | 17.1 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 6.6 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 15.4 | 18.8 | 16.5 | 10.6 |
FeO tot. | 8.9 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 13.0 | 4.1 |
MnO | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
MgO | 9.6 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 27.1 | 24.1 | 28.0 | 12.5 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 4.3 |
CaO | 11.4 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 8.1 | 12.1 | 10.6 | 16.5 |
Na2O | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.9 |
K2O | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.7 |
P2O5 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
Cr2O3 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.48 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
LOI | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.21 | 6.30 | 5.39 | 6.97 | 4.84 | 0.91 | 1.15 | 0.00 |
S | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 |
Ni | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.57 | 0.48 | 0.74 | 0.87 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
Cu | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 1.22 | 2.66 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 1.23 |
No. | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
Depth, m | 65.2 | 75.8 | 80.2 | LOD | BCR-2 * | BCR-2 ** | DTS-2 * | DTS-2 ** | BHVO-1 * | BHVO-1 ** |
SiO2 | 46.2 | 45.0 | 48.6 | 0.04 | 53.8 | 54.1 | 39.8 | 39.4 | 49.6 | 49.9 |
TiO2 | 1.77 | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.005 | 2.31 | 2.26 | 2.46 | 2.37 | ||
Al2O3 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 0.020 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 0.42 | 0.45 | 13.7 | 13.5 |
FeO tot. | 13.2 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 0.002 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 10.9 | 11.1 |
MnO | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.002 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
MgO | 6.5 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 0.05 | 3.71 | 3.59 | 50.0 | 49.4 | 7.19 | 7.23 |
CaO | 11.3 | 12.1 | 7.5 | 0.03 | 6.94 | 7.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 11.3 | 11.4 |
Na2O | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0.02 | 3.24 | 3.16 | 2.31 | 2.22 | ||
K2O | 0.6 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 0.007 | 1.71 | 1.79 | 0.54 | 0.52 | ||
P2O5 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.004 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.27 | ||
Cr2O3 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||
LOI | 2.11 | 2.48 | 2.63 | 0.005 | ||||||
S | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.02 | ||||||
Ni | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.0005 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.011 | 0.012 | ||
Cu | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.0006 | 0.013 | 0.013 |
No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N sample | 1181.6 | 1200 | 1218 | 1240 | 727.4 | 773.8 | 820 | 822.7 | 75.8 | LOD | BHVO-2 * | BHVO-2 ** |
Be | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 0.91 | 1.08 |
Sc | 26 | 23 | 16 | 15 | 17 | 33 | 17 | 12 | 43 | 0.02 | 31.6 | 31.8 |
V | 182 | 178 | 90 | 104 | 182 | 210 | 130 | 117 | 187 | 0.02 | 327 | 318 |
Cr | 380 | 938 | 180 | 171 | 4740 | 464 | 367 | 248 | 780 | 0.18 | 287 | 287 |
Co | 47 | 52 | 41 | 27 | 83 | 37 | 174 | 170 | 51 | 0.01 | 45.0 | 44.9 |
Ni | 254 | 287 | 539 | 229 | 1870 | 112 | 4660 | 6000 | 210 | 0.16 | 121 | 120 |
Cu | 134 | 91 | 893 | 708 | 1330 | 73 | 5330 | 9000 | 81 | 0.45 | 130 | 129 |
Zn | 61 | 68 | 281 | 470 | 79 | 84 | 85 | 117 | 64 | 0.14 | 103 | 104 |
Rb | 15 | 3.4 | 87 | 17 | 72 | 15 | 6.2 | 18 | 25 | 0.29 | 9.28 | 9.26 |
Sr | 268 | 230 | 317 | 127 | 271 | 239 | 94 | 203 | 295 | 0.57 | 392 | 394 |
Y | 17 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 9.2 | 17 | 10 | 9.9 | 19 | 0.003 | 24.7 | 25.9 |
Zr | 61 | 59 | 52 | 41 | 33 | 57 | 36 | 38 | 58 | 0.14 | 171 | 171 |
Nb | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 0.15 | 18.0 | 18.1 |
Cs | 0.74 | 0.47 | 0.96 | 0.29 | 1.9 | 0.71 | 0.23 | 1.3 | 0.49 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Ba | 154 | 130 | 456 | 72 | 430 | 156 | 60 | 89 | 97 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 131 |
La | 5.4 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 0.01 | 15.2 | 15.2 |
Ce | 13 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 8.0 | 12 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 12 | 0.01 | 37.5 | 37.5 |
Pr | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.98 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.99 | 1.6 | 0.001 | 5.27 | 5.34 |
Nd | 7.9 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 7.3 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 0.004 | 24.0 | 24.3 |
Sm | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.005 | 6.07 | 6.02 |
Eu | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.47 | 0.84 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.74 | 0.002 | 2.03 | 2.04 |
Gd | 2.5 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 0.005 | 6.00 | 6.21 |
Tb | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.94 |
Dy | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 0.005 | 5.24 | 5.28 |
Ho | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.61 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.67 | 0.003 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
Er | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.001 | 2.38 | 2.51 |
Tm | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
Yb | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 0.004 | 1.95 | 1.99 |
Lu | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
Hf | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.90 | 1.6 | 0.95 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.06 | 4.53 | 4.47 |
Ta | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 1.18 | 1.15 |
W | 0.15 | 0.38 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.61 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.25 |
Tl | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.06 | 0.65 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Pb | 2.2 | 4.8 | 35 | 45 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 2.4 | 0.09 | 1.53 | 1.65 |
Bi | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.47 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Th | 0.82 | 0.69 | 1.2 | 0.71 | 0.41 | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 0.95 | 0.03 | 1.28 | 1.22 |
U | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.50 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.001 | 0.412 | 0.41 |
No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | MA-12a | MA-13a | Ma-14a | MA-15a | MA-16a | MA-17a | EM-6/71.0 | EM-6/81.0 | EM-6/83.3 |
Cu | 23.33 | 23.02 | 25.28 | 20.50 | 20.36 | 24.70 | 2.78 | 3.93 | 24.44 |
Ni | 3.93 | 5.64 | 2.95 | 3.88 | 3.86 | 4.35 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 1.67 |
Co | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.017 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Fe | 22.96 | 22.42 | 23.08 | 25.88 | 27.93 | 23.78 | 15.32 | 16.70 | 25.82 |
S | 50.20 | 48.30 | 51.50 | 50.30 | 49.30 | 49.40 | 3.19 | 4.53 | 47.20 |
As | 0.94 | 1.51 | 1.50 | 2.75 | 1.20 | 2.56 | 1.09 | ||
Se | 124 | 133 | 121 | 152 | 124 | 121 | 7.2 | 10.2 | 153 |
Ag | 37.6 | 38.1 | 38.4 | 63.5 | 81.3 | 47.8 | 10.2 | 21.7 | 49.3 |
Au | 0.9 | 1.26 | 2.67 | 10.1 | 0.4 | 8.3 | 0.85 | 2.44 | 1.16 |
Pt | 2.6 | 1.5 | 9.6 | 124 | 2.5 | 5.4 | 3.31 | 8.86 | 0.9 |
Pd | 36.5 | 48 | 47.5 | 155 | 115 | 97.5 | 10.6 | 22.6 | 66.5 |
Rh | 1.32 | 1.24 | 0.95 | 1.28 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.78 |
Ir | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 | ||
Ru | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | ||
Pb | 215 | 211 | 220 | 297 | 248 | 253 | 12.80 | 16.20 | 237 |
Zn | 61 | 50 | 61 | 609 | 586 | 56 | 7.80 | 8.32 | 696 |
Sn | 8.51 | 7.78 | 12.85 | 58.76 | 14.42 | 13.72 | 8.56 | ||
Te | 24.42 | 26.98 | 30.49 | 37.89 | 28.29 | 25.91 | 38.95 | ||
Mn | 18.9 | 16 | 16.2 | 33.6 | 81.4 | 19.9 | 64 | ||
Mo | 10.03 | 13.31 | 6.71 | 7.65 | 8.69 | 10.26 | 3.54 | ||
Sr | 4.47 | 4.98 | 4.84 | 6.31 | 6.22 | 4.36 | 7.08 | ||
P | 308 | 292 | 313 | 300 | 301 | 291 | 327 | ||
Ba | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 3.7 | ||
No. | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
Sample | EM-6/84.7 | EM-6/85.5 | EM-6/86.2 | EM-6/87.8 | EM-6/88.5 | EM-6/90.8 | EM-6/93 | EM-6/95 | |
Cu | 19.03 | 21.87 | 24.28 | 20.52 | 24.17 | 21.95 | 23.30 | 11.00 | |
Ni | 4.83 | 3.84 | 3.30 | 5.36 | 3.72 | 3.16 | 4.92 | 3.44 | |
Co | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.09 | |
Fe | 25.53 | 26.17 | 25.99 | 24.36 | 23.65 | 24.87 | 25.06 | 36.47 | |
S | 50.00 | 49.00 | 45.80 | 45.20 | 48.40 | 49.20 | 45.80 | 51.30 | |
As | 0.71 | 0.97 | 1.08 | 1.34 | 1.04 | 0.78 | 0.35 | ||
Se | 126 | 129 | 132 | 113 | 129 | 119 | 137 | 73 | |
Ag | 58.2 | 35.4 | 72.2 | 51.4 | 39.7 | 52.6 | 70.3 | 10.56 | |
Au | 0.37 | 1.51 | 0.28 | 1.33 | 6.98 | 0.85 | 2.35 | 0.21 | |
Pt | 2.9 | 8.3 | 20.6 | 28.9 | 22 | 2.3 | 25.1 | 1.4 | |
Pd | 43.7 | 75.85 | 32.5 | 58.3 | 70 | 45 | 75 | 14.5 | |
Rh | 0.91 | 0.83 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.51 | |
Ir | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
Ru | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
No | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
Pb | 199 | 211 | 209 | 266 | 232 | 224 | 203 | 127 | |
Zn | 558 | 590 | 470 | 470 | 568 | 543 | 550 | 103 | |
Sn | 8.18 | 8.91 | 7.91 | 16.43 | 14.38 | 11.26 | 27.07 | 8.53 | |
Te | 21.82 | 23.57 | 24.21 | 26.38 | 22.58 | 23.73 | 23.09 | 13.21 | |
Mn | 143.6 | 37.9 | 55.8 | 41.8 | 48.6 | 38.55 | 15.9 | 11.67 | |
Mo | 10.65 | 9.19 | 11.77 | 7.54 | 8.99 | 6.93 | 11.12 | 6.57 | |
Sr | 13.58 | 8.62 | 8.54 | 16.96 | 8.78 | 11.26 | 5.22 | 3.81 | |
P | 310 | 360 | 292 | 304 | 306 | 316 | 317 | 323 | |
Ba | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 2.3 | |
No. | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | |
Sample | EM-6/96.4 | ТG-21/1316.4 | ТG-21/1333.6 | ТG-21/1361.9 | ТG-21/1362 | N2/4a | N2/2 | N2/4 | |
Cu | 20.04 | 0.01 | 0.59 | 1.74 | 2.25 | 1.75 | 0.87 | 2.18 | |
Ni | 6.17 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 3.07 | 3.27 | 2.01 | 0.52 | 2.34 | |
Co | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.11 | |
Fe | 24.68 | 7.43 | 12.61 | 34.16 | 31.40 | 30.05 | 10.78 | 36.17 | |
S | 48.40 | 0.05 | 1.99 | 34.96 | 33.50 | 24.68 | 6.66 | 40.33 | |
As | 0.42 | 3.41 | 3.12 | 1.91 | 1.48 | 0.60 | 3.34 | 0.32 | |
Se | 82 | 6 | 10 | 19 | 56 | 45 | 21 | 21 | |
Ag | 12.3 | 1.05 | 2.42 | 7.96 | 2.95 | 5.31 | 2.89 | 2.81 | |
Au | 0.97 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.03 | |
Pt | 78 | 1.93 | 0.31 | 1.64 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 2.52 | 0.07 | |
Pd | 27.7 | 0.06 | 2.40 | 0.67 | 4.06 | 4.21 | 5.85 | 4.45 | |
Rh | 1.02 | 0.15 | 3.50 | 3.35 | 1.31 | 3.10 | |||
Ir | 0.16 | ||||||||
Ru | 0.11 | ||||||||
Pb | 209 | 17 | 34 | 23 | 17 | 26 | 34 | 13 | |
Zn | 59 | 66 | 590 | 45 | 32 | 66 | 47 | 61 | |
Sn | 12.66 | ||||||||
Te | 3.71 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.34 | 0.44 | 1.29 | 1.08 | 2.36 | |
Mn | 42.3 | 970 | 1400 | 290 | 510 | 670 | 720 | 790 | |
Mo | 13.81 | ||||||||
Sr | 5.02 | 248.00 | 156.00 | 61.30 | 88.20 | 162.00 | 254.00 | 143.00 | |
P | 302 | 560 | 380 | 490 | 660 | 660 | 480 | 540 | |
Ba | 2.9 | 128.4 | 63.2 | 19.1 | 24.9 | 27.7 | 130.4 | 13.1 |
Main | Major | Rare (PGM) |
---|---|---|
Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 | Bornite Cu5FeS4 | Majakite PdNiAs |
Pentlandite (Ni,Fe,Co)9S8 | Chalcocite Cu2S | Palladoarsenide Pd2As |
Cubanite CuFe2S3 | Pyrite FeS2 | Stillwaterite (Pd,Ni)8As3 |
Pyrrhotite Fe1-xS | Magnetite FeFe2O4 Violarite FeNi2S4 Sphalerite ZnS Galena PbS | Zvyagintsevite Pd3Pb Plumbopalladinite Pd3Pb2 Polarite Pd(Pb,Bi) |
Rustenburgite (Pt,Pd)3Sn Atokite (Pd,Pt)3Sn Taimyrite (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn Stannopalladinite Pd5Sn2Cu Auricupride Cu3(Au,Pd) Tetra-auricupride Cu(Au,Pd) Cu-Au-Ag alloys Guanglinite Pd3As Sobolevskite PdBi |
No. | Cu | Co | Ni | Fe | S | Total | Mineral |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 35.32 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 30.99 | 35.30 | 101.70 | Chalcopyrite |
2 | 34.52 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 31.10 | 34.95 | 100.68 | Chalcopyrite |
3 | 35.08 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 31.35 | 35.33 | 101.81 | Chalcopyrite |
4 | 34.35 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 31.01 | 35.05 | 100.45 | Chalcopyrite |
5 | 0.10 | 0.37 | 33.97 | 32.13 | 33.87 | 100.44 | Pentlandite |
6 | 1.44 | 0.52 | 31.33 | 31.27 | 35.00 | 99.56 | Pentlandite |
7 | 0.09 | 0.50 | 33.58 | 32.54 | 34.14 | 100.85 | Pentlandite |
8 | 0.72 | 0.47 | 33.98 | 32.10 | 33.49 | 100.76 | Pentlandite |
9 | 0.05 | 0.49 | 34.24 | 32.48 | 33.41 | 100.67 | Pentlandite |
10 | 0.75 | 0.66 | 32.29 | 29.91 | 34.80 | 98.41 | Pentlandite |
11 | 0.14 | 0.42 | 34.92 | 31.44 | 34.00 | 100.92 | Pentlandite |
12 | 0.30 | 0.63 | 34.70 | 30.86 | 33.65 | 100.14 | Pentlandite |
13 | 0.05 | 0.47 | 35.26 | 31.12 | 33.80 | 100.70 | Pentlandite |
14 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 33.91 | 30.23 | 34.48 | 99.12 | Pentlandite |
15 | 0.38 | 0.73 | 39.71 | 26.23 | 33.73 | 100.78 | Pentlandite |
16 | 1.34 | 0.19 | 27.67 | 36.71 | 33.63 | 99.54 | Pentlandite |
17 | 3.09 | 0.38 | 29.06 | 33.00 | 34.39 | 99.92 | Pentlandite |
18 | 3.42 | 0.43 | 36.07 | 26.85 | 33.51 | 100.28 | Pentlandite |
19 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 3.99 | 56.19 | 39.08 | 99.63 | Pyrrhotite |
20 | 0.12 | 0.47 | 7.53 | 55.56 | 36.91 | 100.59 | Pyrrhotite |
21 | 23.46 | 0.05 | 0.34 | 41.85 | 35.73 | 101.43 | Cubanite |
22 | 23.41 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 41.71 | 35.45 | 100.59 | Cubanite |
23 | 23.24 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 41.92 | 35.24 | 100.54 | Cubanite |
24 | 24.34 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 42.00 | 35.71 | 102.19 | Cubanite |
25 | 22.72 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 41.64 | 35.20 | 99.70 | Cubanite |
26 | 23.82 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 41.51 | 35.33 | 100.73 | Cubanite |
27 | 0.73 | 1.94 | 60.22 | 0.03 | 35.16 | 98.08 | Millerite |
28 | 1.01 | 1.43 | 60.91 | 0.03 | 35.49 | 98.87 | Millerite |
29 | 1.37 | 0.29 | 61.37 | 0.03 | 35.37 | 98.43 | Millerite |
30 | 1.55 | 0.27 | 62.04 | 0.09 | 35.17 | 99.12 | Millerite |
31 | 4.47 | 0.84 | 57.73 | 1.51 | 35.00 | 99.55 | Millerite |
32 | 79.18 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.56 | 21.54 | 101.35 | Chalcocite |
33 | 79.06 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 21.49 | 100.70 | Chalcocite |
34 | 79.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 21.07 | 100.72 | Chalcocite |
35 | 79.61 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 21.00 | 101.19 | Chalcocite |
36 | 60.23 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 13.74 | 25.32 | 99.38 | Bornite |
37 | 61.25 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 11.56 | 25.98 | 98.97 | Bornite |
38 | 63.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 11.05 | 25.56 | 99.83 | Bornite |
39 | 49.05 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 20.13 | 29.63 | 99.06 | Idaite |
40 | 8.98 | 0.44 | 26.22 | 30.01 | 34.44 | 100.09 | mss |
41 | 19.85 | 0.11 | 14.18 | 30.71 | 34.85 | 99.70 | mss |
No. | Ni | Cu | Pt | Pd | Sn | Pb | Bi | Sb | As |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7.62 | 1.32 | 62.17 | 21.41 | 1.02 | 0.76 | 5.82 | ||
2 | 7.39 | 1.28 | 64.21 | 21.08 | 1.49 | 0.65 | 5.64 | ||
3 | 7.77 | 1.16 | 63.83 | 21.79 | 0.78 | 4.7 | |||
4 | 6.6 | 0.86 | 60.6 | 12.36 | 18.48 | 2.07 | |||
5 | 6.74 | 0.96 | 60.15 | 14.27 | 17.03 | 1.26 | |||
6 | 9.15 | 1.33 | 61.44 | 22.23 | 1.54 | 4.03 | |||
7 | 8.75 | 1.41 | 61.59 | 21.86 | 1.62 | 4.71 | |||
8 | 8.41 | 0.9 | 62.98 | 25.04 | 0.97 | 2.33 | |||
9 | 8.94 | 1.54 | 60.9 | 23.16 | 2.73 | 0.54 | 2.44 | ||
10 | 9.19 | 3.75 | 59.97 | 26.13 | |||||
11 | 9.42 | 1.9 | 61.32 | 25.62 | 1.72 | ||||
12 | 9.53 | 3.39 | 59.46 | 25.94 | 1.05 | 1.32 | 0.28 | ||
13 | 8.59 | 2.08 | 58.07 | 19.98 | 9.83 | 0.65 | 0.26 | ||
14 | 9.28 | 2.35 | 58.53 | 20.79 | 8.86 | 1.04 | |||
15 | 8.68 | 1.31 | 58.46 | 16.99 | 13.68 | 0.87 | |||
16 | 1.65 | 1.13 | 63.09 | 14.59 | 17.92 | ||||
17 | 1.92 | 2.03 | 62.99 | 14.05 | 17.92 | ||||
18 | 0.36 | 9.25 | 26.15 | 39.56 | 22.85 | ||||
19 | 0.27 | 1.53 | 30.87 | 44.25 | 22.05 |
No. | Ag | Pd | Pb | Bi | Total | Formula |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 60.48 | 38.69 | 99.17 | Pd3.01Pb0.99 | ||
2 | 61.45 | 38.95 | 100.4 | Pd3.02Pb0.98 | ||
3 | 61.69 | 38.56 | 100.25 | Pd3.03Pb0.97 | ||
4 | 61.57 | 38.18 | 99.75 | Pd3.03Pb0.97 | ||
5 | 45.34 | 51.9 | 97.24 | Pd5.04Pb2.96 | ||
6 | 3.44 | 43.12 | 51.11 | 97.67 | (Pd2.96Ag0.23)3.19Pb1.80 | |
7 | 3.09 | 45.28 | 52.85 | 101.22 | (Pd3.00Ag0.20)3.20Pb1.80 | |
8 | 3.37 | 44.75 | 52.44 | 100.56 | (Pd2.98Ag0.22)3.20Pb1.80 | |
9 | 3.27 | 44.93 | 52.44 | 100.64 | (Pd2.99Ag0.21)3.20Pb1.79 | |
10 | 35.38 | 54.86 | 9.75 | 99.99 | Pd1.03(Pb0.82Bi0.15)0.97 | |
11 | 35.06 | 53.99 | 11.28 | 100.33 | Pd1.02(Pb0.81Bi0.17)0.98 | |
12 | 35.31 | 49.83 | 14.72 | 99.86 | Pd1.03(Pb0.75Bi0.22)0.97 | |
13 | 35.71 | 47.69 | 16.25 | 99.65 | Pd1.04(Pb0.72Bi0.24)0.96 | |
14 | 34.47 | 43.53 | 21.57 | 99.57 | Pd1.02(Pb0.66Bi0.32)0.98 | |
15 | 35 | 41.15 | 24.33 | 100.48 | Pd1.02(Pb0.62Bi0.36)0.98 | |
16 | 35.55 | 35.78 | 27.64 | 98.97 | Pd1.05(Pb0.54Bi0.41)0.95 | |
17 | 35.31 | 5.82 | 58.6 | 99.73 | Pd1.04(Bi0.88Pb0.09)0.97 | |
18 | 35.89 | 4.08 | 60.76 | 100.73 | Pd1.04(Bi0.90Pb0.06)0.96 | |
19 | 38.9 | 4.38 | 46.46 | 89.74 | Pd3.00(Bi1.83Pb0.17)2.00 |
No. | Pt | Pd | Ni | Cu | Fe | Rh | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 76.65 | 0.14 | 3.45 | 2.79 | 15.08 | 0.06 | 98.17 |
2 | 75.71 | 0.19 | 3.65 | 2.5 | 15.2 | 97.25 | |
3 | 76.13 | 0.41 | 4 | 2.38 | 15.77 | 0.06 | 98.75 |
4 | 75.47 | 0.28 | 3.74 | 2.38 | 15.84 | 0.11 | 97.81 |
5 | 75.86 | 0.27 | 3.56 | 2.84 | 16.02 | 98.55 | |
6 | 77.52 | 0.29 | 3.79 | 2.5 | 16.02 | 0.05 | 100.17 |
7 | 76.41 | 0.26 | 3.76 | 2.51 | 16.16 | 0.09 | 99.19 |
8 | 75.39 | 0.35 | 3.67 | 2.42 | 16.18 | 0.13 | 98.13 |
9 | 76.27 | 0.17 | 3.77 | 2.55 | 16.33 | 0.13 | 99.22 |
10 | 76.08 | 0.28 | 3.63 | 2.66 | 16.45 | 0.26 | 99.36 |
No. | Pd | Ni | Cu | Fe | Co | As | Sb | Sn | Pb | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 45.24 | 23.53 | 30.37 | 99.14 | ||||||
2 | 46.22 | 24.15 | 31.08 | 101.45 | ||||||
3 | 45.44 | 22.95 | 0.09 | 30.08 | 98.56 | |||||
4 | 45.01 | 23.43 | 0.11 | 29.53 | 98.08 | |||||
5 | 45.22 | 23.67 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 29.63 | 98.68 | ||||
6 | 68.12 | 4.57 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 25.55 | 98.46 | ||||
7 | 52.73 | 14.65 | 0.25 | 0.54 | 0.11 | 30.37 | 98.65 | |||
8 | 81.02 | 20.15 | 99.31 | |||||||
9 | 80.57 | 20.42 | 99.39 | |||||||
10 | 80.48 | 20.96 | 101.44 | |||||||
11 | 77.33 | 0.8 | 0.11 | 20.78 | 99.02 | |||||
12 | 28.98 | 42.78 | 27.56 | 99.32 | ||||||
13 | 64.96 | 10.01 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 24.36 | 99.56 | ||||
14 | 29.29 | 39.33 | 0.34 | 28.44 | 97.6 | |||||
15 * | 68.37 | 0.93 | 5.3 | 9.86 | 9.39 | 6.24 | 0.46 | 100.55 | ||
16 * | 68.61 | 1.04 | 5.31 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 6 | 0.62 | 101.08 | ||
17 * | 67.48 | 0.67 | 6.1 | 10 | 6.59 | 7.23 | 2.26 | 100.33 |
No. | Cu | Au | Ag | Pd | Total | Formula |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.73 | 4.36 | 94.47 | 99.56 | Ag96.30Au2.43Cu1.26 | |
2 | 13.87 | 89.61 | 103.48 | Ag92.19Au7.81 | ||
3 | 16.18 | 84.46 | 100.64 | Ag90.50Au9.50 | ||
4 | 17.41 | 81.25 | 98.66 | Ag89.50Au10.50 | ||
5 | 17.55 | 79.98 | 97.53 | Ag89.27Au10.73 | ||
6 | 18.2 | 82.5 | 100.7 | Ag89.22Au10.78 | ||
7 | 0.79 | 18.24 | 80.09 | 99.12 | Ag87.61Au10.93Cu1.47 | |
8 | 18.49 | 80.64 | 99.13 | Ag88.84Au11.16 | ||
9 | 19.8 | 78.44 | 98.24 | Ag87.86Au12.14 | ||
10 | 0.73 | 21.13 | 78.21 | 100.07 | Ag85.93Au12.71Cu1.36 | |
11 | 21.95 | 77.8 | 99.75 | Ag86.62Au13.38 | ||
12 | 22.14 | 76.77 | 98.91 | Ag86.36Au13.64 | ||
13 | 23.04 | 74.67 | 97.71 | Ag85.54Au14.46 | ||
14 | 23.51 | 75.87 | 99.38 | Ag85.49Au14.51 | ||
15 | 0.59 | 24.37 | 75.9 | 100.86 | Ag84.10Au14.79Cu1.11 | |
16 | 26.18 | 71.71 | 97.89 | Ag83.34Au16.66 | ||
17 | 30.55 | 68.28 | 98.83 | Ag80.32Au19.68 | ||
18 | 0.58 | 86.75 | 4.69 | 5.28 | 97.3 | Au0.81Pd0.09Ag0.08Cu0.02 |
19 | 0.29 | 72.91 | 22.42 | 2.63 | 98.25 | Au0.61Ag0.34Pd0.04Cu0.02 |
20 | 47.19 | 42.42 | 0.21 | 7.68 | 97.5 | Cu2.87(Au0.83Pd0.29Ag0.01)1.13 |
21 | 25.24 | 64.31 | 0.08 | 7.97 | 97.6 | (Au0.84Pd0.16)1.00Cu1.00 |
22 | 24.98 | 64 | 0.11 | 8.24 | 97.33 | (Au0.84Pd0.17)1.01Cu0.98 |
No. | S | Fe | Ni | Cu | Ag | Sn | Pd | Pt | Au | Pb | As | Bi | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9.0 | 21.2 | 56.4 | 1.2 | 9.9 | 99.13 * | |||||||
2 | 7.5 | 21.6 | 59.6 | 0.9 | 10.1 | 100.84 ** | |||||||
3 | 3.2 | 45.7 | 48.6 | 97.4 | |||||||||
4 | 1.5 | 45.8 | 51.9 | 99.1 | |||||||||
5 | 18.7 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 75.5 | 102.3 | ||||||||
6 | 3.9 | 45.3 | 48.2 | 97.4 | |||||||||
7 | 0.2 | 48.7 | 51.7 | 100.6 | |||||||||
8 | 62.4 | 38.6 | 100.9 | ||||||||||
9 | 17.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 72.3 | 96.6 | ||||||||
10 | 16.8 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 71.2 | 99.1 | ||||||||
11 | 17.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 73.2 | 97.2 | ||||||||
12 | 0.9 | 35.2 | 46.8 | 17.8 | 105.6 | ||||||||
13 | 60.8 | 38.6 | 99.5 | ||||||||||
14 | 0.65 | 0.94 | 78.8 | 18.9 | 98.3 | ||||||||
15 | 10.2 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 43.8 | 14.1 | 0.7 | 24.1 | 2.4 | 99.3 | ||||
16 | 8.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 52.8 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 27.7 | 0.9 | 103.8 | ||||
17 | 7.2 | 19.2 | 60.5 | 13.9 | 100.7 | ||||||||
18 | 61.6 | 38.5 | 100.1 | ||||||||||
19 | 47.4 | 49.9 | 97.2 | ||||||||||
20 | 68.1 | 30.3 | 98.4 | ||||||||||
21 | 33.7 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 101 | |||||||||
22 | 18.0 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 75.7 | 99.9 | ||||||||
23 | 9.6 | 20.1 | 57.8 | 14.0 | 101.5 | ||||||||
24 | 9.0 | 23.1 | 56.6 | 11.9 | 100.6 | ||||||||
25 | 1.8 | 47.3 | 50.9 | 100.0 | |||||||||
26 | 6.1 | 20.7 | 59.4 | 12.6 | 98.8 | ||||||||
27 | 36.8 | 63.3 | 100.0 | ||||||||||
28 | 6.3 | 20.8 | 61.0 | 10.9 | 99.0 | ||||||||
29 | 34.1 | 46.2 | 20.8 | 101.0 | |||||||||
30 | 48.0 | 51.8 | 99.8 | ||||||||||
31 | 35.8 | 64.1 | 99.8 | ||||||||||
32 | 18.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 75.0 | 99.0 | ||||||||
33 | 1.3 | 70.3 | 26.9 | 99.6 | |||||||||
34 | 16.8 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 72.8 | 100.3 | |||||||
35 | 17.8 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 76.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||
No. | S | Fe | Ni | Cu | Ag | Sn | Pd | Pt | Au | Pb | As | Bi | Total |
36 | 18.3 | 3.51 | 4.23 | 74 | 100 | ||||||||
37 | 49 | 51 | 100 | ||||||||||
38 | 45 | 55 | 100 | ||||||||||
39 | 47.9 | 8.74 | 14.5 | 28.9 | 100 | ||||||||
40 | 47.7 | 7.63 | 11.4 | 33.3 | 100 | ||||||||
41 | 62 | 38 | 100 | ||||||||||
42 | 7.85 | 21.5 | 61.3 | 9.38 | 100 | ||||||||
43 | 44.9 | 52.2 | 97.08 | ||||||||||
44 | 60.4 | 38.6 | 99.37 | ||||||||||
45 | 6.76 | 20.7 | 59.3 | 13.1 | 99.79 | ||||||||
46 | 6.26 | 20.7 | 59.2 | 13.6 | 99.79 | ||||||||
47 | 60.4 | 38.6 | 99.33 | ||||||||||
48 | 6.26 | 20.7 | 59.2 | 13.6 | 99.79 | ||||||||
49 | 18.5 | 4.19 | 2.81 | 75.8 | 101.3 | ||||||||
50 | 45.9 | 6.42 | 7 | 11.9 | 28.2 | 99.41 | |||||||
51 | 1.4 | 44.1 | 31.4 | 23.7 | 100.6 | ||||||||
52 | 0.22 | 34.2 | 44.9 | 18.5 | 97.72 | ||||||||
53 | 7.23 | 19.8 | 59.1 | 13.6 | 99.89 | ||||||||
54 | 17.8 | 3.03 | 3.81 | 3.55 | 72 | 100.2 | |||||||
55 | 16.7 | 3.35 | 4.01 | 3.39 | 72.8 | 100.3 | |||||||
56 | 48 | 51.8 | 99.82 | ||||||||||
57 | 8.58 | 20.1 | 57.8 | 13.9 | 100.5 | ||||||||
59 | 33.6 | 29.1 | 32.7 | 5.74 | 101.1 | ||||||||
60 | 26.2 | 18.5 | 19.4 | 26 | 10.8 | 101.4 | |||||||
61 | 33 | 27.7 | 31.7 | 8.63 | 101 |
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Krivolutskaya, N.; Tolstykh, N.; Kedrovskaya, T.; Naumov, K.; Kubrakova, I.; Tyutyunnik, O.; Gongalsky, B.; Kovalchuk, E.; Magazina, L.; Bychkova, Y.; et al. World-Class PGE-Cu-Ni Talnakh Deposit: New Data on the Structure and Unique Mineralization of the South-Western Branch. Minerals 2018, 8, 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8040124
Krivolutskaya N, Tolstykh N, Kedrovskaya T, Naumov K, Kubrakova I, Tyutyunnik O, Gongalsky B, Kovalchuk E, Magazina L, Bychkova Y, et al. World-Class PGE-Cu-Ni Talnakh Deposit: New Data on the Structure and Unique Mineralization of the South-Western Branch. Minerals. 2018; 8(4):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8040124
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrivolutskaya, Nadezhda, Nadezhda Tolstykh, Tatyana Kedrovskaya, Konstantin Naumov, Irina Kubrakova, Oksana Tyutyunnik, Bronislav Gongalsky, Elena Kovalchuk, Larisa Magazina, Yana Bychkova, and et al. 2018. "World-Class PGE-Cu-Ni Talnakh Deposit: New Data on the Structure and Unique Mineralization of the South-Western Branch" Minerals 8, no. 4: 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8040124
APA StyleKrivolutskaya, N., Tolstykh, N., Kedrovskaya, T., Naumov, K., Kubrakova, I., Tyutyunnik, O., Gongalsky, B., Kovalchuk, E., Magazina, L., Bychkova, Y., & Yakushev, A. (2018). World-Class PGE-Cu-Ni Talnakh Deposit: New Data on the Structure and Unique Mineralization of the South-Western Branch. Minerals, 8(4), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8040124