Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Associated with Postoperative Psychiatric Status in Patients with Empty Nose Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Enrollment
2.2. Associated Parameters
2.3. Measurements of Nasal–Facial Symptoms and Psychiatric Status
2.4. Surgical Intervention and Postoperative Protocol
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. The Change in Serum hs-CRP Level after Surgery
3.3. Correlation and ROC Curve Analysis for Preoperative hs-CRP
3.4. Regression Analysis for Postoperative Depression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n = 43 |
---|---|
Age, years (SD) | 44.7 (13.2) |
Gender, female: male (%) | 6:37 (14.0:86.0) |
Allergy status (%) | 25 (58.1) |
Smoking (%) | 11 (25.6) |
Serum hs-CRP, mg/L (SD) | 1.41 (1.07) |
Preoperative ENS6Q, score (SD) | 15.7 (5.2) |
Preoperative SNOT-25, score (SD) | 69.3 (21.2) |
Preoperative BDI-II, score (SD) | 18.9 (14.7) |
(1) normal (0–13) (%) | 18 (41.9) |
(2) mild degree (14–19) (%) | 7 (16.3) |
(3) moderate degree (20–28) (%) | 5 (11.6) |
(4) severe degree (29–63) (%) | 13 (30.2) |
Preoperative BAI, score (SD) | 19.7 (12.8) |
(1) normal (0–7) (%) | 8 (18.6) |
(2) mild degree (8–15) (%) | 10 (23.3) |
(3) moderate degree (16–25) (%) | 11 (25.6) |
(4) severe degree (26–63) (%) | 14 (32.6) |
Variables | p-Value 1 |
---|---|
Demographic factor: | |
Age | 0.537 |
Gender | 1.000 |
Allergy | 0.460 |
Smoking | 0.889 |
Pre-op status: | |
ENS6Q | 0.704 |
SNOT-25 | 0.099 |
Depression (BDI-II > 13) | 0.571 |
Anxiety (BAI > 9) | 0.755 |
Post-op 12-month status: | |
ENS6Q | 0.655 |
SNOT-25 | 0.710 |
Depression (BDI-II > 13) | 0.039 * |
Anxiety (BAI > 9) | 0.081 |
hs-CRP Level | Non-Depression (BDI ≤ 13, n = 36) | Depression (BDI > 13, n = 7) | |
---|---|---|---|
≤2.02 mg/L (n = 32) | 30 | 2 | PPV: 30/32 = 93.8% |
>2.02 mg/L (n =11) | 6 | 5 | NPV: 5/11 = 45.4% |
Sensitivity: 30/36 = 83.3% | Specificity: 5/7 = 71.4% |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | (95% CI) | p-Value 1 | Estimate | (95% CI) | p-Value 1 | |
Age | 1.1 | (1.0–1.1) | <0.001 * | 0.9 | (0.8–1.0) | 0.044 * |
Gender | - | 0.978 | - | - | ||
Allergy | 102.3 | (11.7–893.4) | <0.001 * | - | 0.487 | |
Smoking | 31.4 | (6.0–164.0) | <0.001 * | - | 0.092 | |
hs-CRP > 2.02 mg/L | 140.4 | (22.6–873.4) | <0.001 * | 19.9 | (2.2–182.7) | 0.008 * |
Pre-op ENS6Q | 1.2 | (1.1–1.4) | <0.001 * | - | 0.786 | |
Pre-op SNOT-25 | 1.1 | (1.0–1.1) | <0.001 * | - | 0.284 | |
Pre-op BDI-II | 1.1 | (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 * | - | 0.285 | |
Pre-op BAI | 1.2 | (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 * | - | 0.164 |
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Fu, C.-H.; Chen, H.-C.; Huang, C.-C.; Chang, P.-H.; Lee, T.-J. Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Associated with Postoperative Psychiatric Status in Patients with Empty Nose Syndrome. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122388
Fu C-H, Chen H-C, Huang C-C, Chang P-H, Lee T-J. Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Associated with Postoperative Psychiatric Status in Patients with Empty Nose Syndrome. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(12):2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122388
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Chia-Hsiang, Hung-Chin Chen, Chi-Che Huang, Po-Hung Chang, and Ta-Jen Lee. 2021. "Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Associated with Postoperative Psychiatric Status in Patients with Empty Nose Syndrome" Diagnostics 11, no. 12: 2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122388