Identifying Suitable Patients for Overcoming Androgen Deprivation Monotherapy in De Novo Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Patient Enrollment
- Calculation of Age-Specific Mortality Rate (mx): The age-specific mortality rate represents the ratio of deaths (Dx) in each age group to the corresponding population (Px). It reflects the mortality rate for a specific age group.
- Dx: Number of deaths at age.
- Px: Population at age x.
- 2.
- Calculation of Age-Specific Mortality Probability (): Age-specific mortality probability is derived from the age-specific mortality rate (mx). It is calculated using the mortality rate to adjust for age distortion.
- : Adjusted age-specific mortality probability
- mx: Age-specific mortality rate
- 3.
- Calculation of Age-Specific Survivor Count (lx): The survivor count represents the number of individuals surviving in each age group. It is calculated by subtracting the number of deaths (dx) from the previous age group’s survivor count.
- 4.
- Calculation of Age-Specific Stationary Population (Lx): The stationary population for ages 100 and above is calculated until Lx reaches 0, representing the population that has reached the end of life.
- 5.
- Calculation of Total Person years Lived (Tx): Total person years lived represents the sum of stationary populations across all age groups.
- 6.
- Calculation of Life Expectancy (): Life expectancy is derived by dividing the total person years lived by the initial survivor count.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 261) | CRPC (n = 126) | No-CRPC (n = 135) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 69.2 ± 8.7 | 67.8 ± 10.0 | 70.5 ± 7.3 | 0.015 |
Life expectancy (yr) | 17.0 ± 20.6 | 19.4 ± 29.0 | 14.7 ± 5.3 | 0.080 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.1 | 23.6 ± 3.2 | 23.3 ± 3.1 | 0.430 |
ECOG-PS | 0.332 | |||
<2 | 230 (88.1%) | 108 (85.7%) | 122 (90.4%) | |
≥2 | 31 (11.9%) | 18 (14.3%) | 13 (9.6%) | |
Charlson comorbidity index | 0.951 | |||
<2 | 214 (82.0%) | 104 (82.5%) | 110 (81.5%) | |
≥2 | 47 (18.0%) | 22 (17.5%) | 25 (18.5%) | |
Initial PSA value | 882.1 ± 6246.2 | 507.5 ± 1064.1 | 1231.6 ± 8624.9 | 0.335 |
Clinical Gleason score | 0.001 | |||
≤8 | 106 (40.6%) | 38 (30.2%) | 68 (50.4%) | |
≥9 | 155 (59.4%) | 88 (69.8%) | 67 (49.6%) | |
Visceral metastasis | 27 (10.3%) | 13 (10.3%) | 14 (10.4%) | 1.000 |
Total mHSPC Cohort | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
OR | 95% | CI | p | OR | 95% | CI | p | |
Life expectancy (continuous) | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.008 | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.014 |
BMI (continuous) | 0.97 | 0.89 | 1.05 | 0.429 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 1.09 | 0.946 |
ECOG-PS (≥2 vs. <2) | 0.64 | 0.29 | 1.36 | 0.248 | 0.64 | 0.28 | 1.42 | 0.278 |
Comorbidity (≥2 vs. <2) | 1.07 | 0.57 | 2.03 | 0.824 | 0.93 | 0.47 | 1.83 | 0.840 |
Initial PSA (continuous) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.514 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.627 |
Clinical Gleason score (≥9 vs. ≤8) | 0.43 | 0.25 | 0.70 | <0.001 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.75 | 0.003 |
Visceral metastasis (yes vs. no) | 1.01 | 0.45 | 2.26 | 0.989 | 0.91 | 0.38 | 2.23 | 0.835 |
No-CRPC Cohort | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
HR | 95% | CI | p | HR | 95% | CI | p | |
Life expectancy (continuous) | 0.946 | 0.898 | 0.997 | 0.0373 | 0.951 | 0.904 | 0.999 | 0.0491 |
BMI (continuous) | 0.885 | 0.803 | 0.975 | 0.0137 | 0.870 | 0.783 | 0.967 | 0.0101 |
ECOG-PS (≥2 vs. <2) | 0.820 | 0.296 | 2.277 | 0.7040 | 0.528 | 0.177 | 1.574 | 0.2518 |
Comorbidity (≥2 vs. <2) | 2.294 | 1.281 | 4.108 | 0.0052 | 2.018 | 1.103 | 3.693 | 0.0227 |
Initial PSA (continuous) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.4639 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.2924 |
Clinical Gleason score (≥9 vs. ≤8) | 1.455 | 0.866 | 2.446 | 0.1566 | 1.724 | 0.957 | 3.106 | 0.0698 |
Visceral metastasis (yes vs. no) | 1.294 | 0.610 | 2.746 | 0.5024 | 1.662 | 0.722 | 3.824 | 0.2323 |
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Lee, D.; Lim, B.; Nguyen, T.T.; Choi, S.Y. Identifying Suitable Patients for Overcoming Androgen Deprivation Monotherapy in De Novo Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14050517
Lee D, Lim B, Nguyen TT, Choi SY. Identifying Suitable Patients for Overcoming Androgen Deprivation Monotherapy in De Novo Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(5):517. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14050517
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Donghyun, Bumjin Lim, Tuan Thanh Nguyen, and Se Young Choi. 2024. "Identifying Suitable Patients for Overcoming Androgen Deprivation Monotherapy in De Novo Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 5: 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14050517