Pollen Elicits Proboscis Extension but Does not Reinforce PER Learning in Honeybees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Stimuli
2.3. Pre-Training Sensitivity Test
2.4. General Conditioning Protocol
2.5. Dry Pollen Conditioning
2.6. Antennal Sensitivity to Pollen in Water Solution
2.7. Conditioning with a Pollen-Water Solution
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Bees Did not Associate the CS with a Dry Pollen US
3.2. Presence of Pollen in Water Solution Was Detected by Bees, but Did not Reinforce CS Learning
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nicholls, E.; De Ibarra, N.H. Pollen Elicits Proboscis Extension but Does not Reinforce PER Learning in Honeybees. Insects 2013, 4, 542-557. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects4040542
Nicholls E, De Ibarra NH. Pollen Elicits Proboscis Extension but Does not Reinforce PER Learning in Honeybees. Insects. 2013; 4(4):542-557. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects4040542
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicholls, Elizabeth, and Natalie Hempel De Ibarra. 2013. "Pollen Elicits Proboscis Extension but Does not Reinforce PER Learning in Honeybees" Insects 4, no. 4: 542-557. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects4040542