Engineering Synthetic Microbial Communities through a Selective Biofilm Cultivation Device for the Production of Fermented Beverages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strain and Medium Preparation
2.2. Fermentation Based on Red Rice
2.3. Fermentation Based on Synthetic Liquid Medium
2.4. Aromatic Compounds Analysis byHS-SPME-GC-MS
2.5. Sugar and Ethanol Analysis by HPLC
2.6. Microbiological Analysis
2.7. Statistical Aanalysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Community for Red Rice Wine Fermentation
3.1.1. Ethanol and Organic Acid Production during Red Rice Wine Processing
3.1.2. Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Natural and Synthetic Communities on the Flavor Profile during Red Rice Wine Fermentation
3.2. Spatial Structuration of Synthetic Communities Based on Biofilm Ccultivation.
3.2.1. Impact of Submerged and Biofilm Cultivation on Colonization Efficiency
3.2.2. Impact of Biofilm Mode of Cultivation on Flavor Compound Using Natural and Synthetic Communities
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concentration | Natural Community | Ro-Sc-Lp 1:1:1 | Ro-Sc-Lp 1:10:1 | Ro-Sc 1:1 | Ro-Sc 1:10 | Ro-Sc 1:0.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethanol (% v/v) | 10.73 ± 0.07 a | 9.95 ± 0.02 b | 6.5 ± 0.41 d | 10.17 ± 0.32 b | 7.95 ± 0.13 c | 8.41 ± 0.80 c |
Acetic acid (g/L) | 2.99 ± 0.02 a | 1.81 ± 0.06 c | 2.54 ± 0.13 b | 0.52 ± 0.02 d | 0.37 ± 0.01 d | 0.40 ± 0.18 d |
Lactic acid (g/L) | 3.58 ± 0.13 a | 2.95 ± 0.14 b | 4.45 ± 0.43 a | 1.64 ± 0.01 c | 1.23 ± 0.30 c | 1.58 ± 0.20 c |
N | Compounds | RI | Natural Community | Synthetic Community | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ro-Sc-Lp 1:1:1 | Ro-Sc-Lp 1:10:1 | Ro-Sc 1:1 | Ro-Sc 1:10 | Ro-Sc 1:0.1 | ||||||||||||||
Average | STD | Average | STD | Average | STD | Average | STD | Average | STD | Average | STD | |||||||
Ester | 19506.02 | 24029.27 | 21738.23 | 28584.87 | 33152.54 | 19290.85 | ||||||||||||
1 | 2-Methybutyl acetate | 880 | Nd | 137.89 | 15.85 | Nd | 55.07 | 21.45 | 170.05 | 4.09 | Nd | |||||||
2 | Isoamyl acetate | 876 | 125.98 | 15.4 | 270.1 | 107.15 | 493.09 | 123.93 | 155.8 | 9.3 | 533.14 | 4.66 | 344.24 | 193.83 | ||||
3 | 1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 157.95 | 33.39 | 18.83 | ||||||||||
4 | Ethyl linoleate | 60.44 | 36.9 | 41.39 | 9.75 | Nd | 106.44 | 213.92 | 195.68 | Nd | ||||||||
5 | 4-Methylbenzyl alcohol | Nd | Nd | Nd | 30.7 | 35.16 | 35.42 | |||||||||||
6 | Phenylethyl acetate | 1252 | 1383 | 1421.55 | 346.22 | 1718.85 | 40.95 | 427.9 | 371.34 | 683.62 | 71.9 | 98.05 | 62.35 | |||||
7 | Ethyl isobutyrate | 756 | Nd | 275.28 | 61.82 | Nd | 270.53 | 149.22 | 296.72 | 74.47 | 381.78 | 175.2 | ||||||
8 | Ethyl propionate | 713 | Nd | 131.79 | 55.24 | 172.86 | 100.09 | 186.71 | 63.47 | 416.39 | 294.43 | 101.98 | 10.34 | |||||
9 | Ethyl myristate | 1651 | 1206.16 | 63.67 | 1202.58 | 70.77 | 1296.14 | 123.41 | 80.21 | 113.44 | 216.05 | 56.89 | 61.84 | 31.72 | ||||
10 | Ethyl octanoate | 1041 | 294.15 | 5.68 | 134.73 | 18.25 | 154.17 | 7.44 | 38.33 | 54.21 | 41.68 | 1.137 | 20.75 | |||||
11 | Isobutyl lactate | 51.88 | 48.02 | 43.82 | 17.34 | 266.86 | 14.88 | 8.96 | 12.68 | 29.6 | Nd | |||||||
12 | Ethyl lactate | 1010 | 4436.35 | 1501 | 3781.81 | 1016.62 | 3941.33 | 635.91 | 941.16 | 479.84 | 2313.94 | 1345.6 | 1137.4 | |||||
13 | Propyl 9,12-octadecadienoate | Nd | 17.65 | 7.71 | 59.41 | 15.7 | Nd | Nd | 20.92 | 6.88 | ||||||||
14 | Ethyl stearate | 253.6 | 154.03 | 121.71 | 37.42 | 366.97 | 1.31 | 234.15 | 70.35 | 179.59 | 68.49 | 20.74 | ||||||
15 | Ethyl decanoate | 1398 | 63 | 1.42 | 65.25 | 7.81 | 269.24 | 204.4 | 160.2 | 106.35 | 154.6 | 3.35 | 90.31 | 18.23 | ||||
16 | Ethyl laurate | 1494 | 281.26 | 53.27 | 213.47 | 23.88 | 412.84 | 1.29 | 241 | 144.21 | 109.99 | 1.69 | 44.13 | 18.64 | ||||
17 | Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate | Nd | Nd | Nd | 122.79 | 64.19 | 61.07 | 86.37 | 24.47 | 12.34 | ||||||||
18 | Ethyl Acetate | 628 | 9205.5 | 1011.45 | 14189.71 | 4590.13 | 4593.61 | 391.19 | 20976.76 | 8697.86 | 24587.57 | 7650.87 | 15713.3 | 0 | ||||
19 | Ethyl Oleate | 189.26 | 58.42 | 196.77 | 86.69 | 148.4 | 28.87 | 594.82 | 164.86 | 669.91 | 776.57 | 103.1 | 53.28 | |||||
20 | Ethyl palmitate | 1765.79 | 162.58 | 1467.66 | 213.54 | 7218.18 | 883.39 | 3420.41 | 1023.08 | 1901.87 | 129.36 | 537.84 | 343.77 | |||||
21 | Isoamyl lactate | 149.34 | 14.15 | 34.34 | 14.56 | 134.23 | 15.56 | Nd | 32.67 | 23.1 | Nd | |||||||
22 | Diethyl succinate | 1167 | Nd | 5.43 | 1.6 | Nd | 28.61 | 14.22 | 22.1 | 0.78 | 12.27 | |||||||
23 | Isobutyl acetate | 776 | Nd | 214.98 | 105.78 | 388.61 | 13.36 | 87.83 | 2.41 | 242.27 | 38.11 | 57.66 | 45.7 | |||||
Acids and Aldehyde | 7525.45 | 5551.64 | 7215.71 | 1274.4 | 8219.13 | 588.64 | ||||||||||||
24 | 2-Methylbutanoic acid | 254.71 | 28.66 | 158.23 | 56.37 | Nd | 204.84 | 76.25 | 352.89 | 67.68 | 79.54 | 82.67 | ||||||
25 | Isovaleric acid | 877 | 157.19 | 47.88 | 108.41 | 18.89 | Nd | 125.98 | 15.88 | 22.24 | 22.19 | 15.69 | ||||||
26 | Acetic acid | 600 | 6050.36 | 225.56 | 4602.05 | 75.1 | 6487.79 | 1225.43 | 85.13 | 111.22 | 7576.43 | 524.84 | Nd | |||||
27 | Isobutyric acid | 1215 | 677.61 | 82.74 | 536.91 | 83.6 | 632.95 | 16.75 | 420.74 | 205.59 | 75.61 | 120.04 | 138.59 | |||||
28 | Acetaldehyde | Nd | 6.07 | 5.5 | 39.12 | 1.15 | 387.05 | Nd | 366.87 | 219.63 | ||||||||
29 | Benzaldehyde | 960 | 134.63 | 14.02 | 40.06 | 7.93 | 22.17 | 14.06 | 16.61 | 23.25 | Nd | |||||||
30 | Benzeneacetaldehyde | 250.92 | 23.21 | 105.95 | 38.56 | 72.78 | 8.01 | 34.05 | 6.04 | 38.72 | 6.18 | Nd | ||||||
Alcohol | 46685.3 | 47489.59 | 47434.43 | 56613.62 | 68742.36 | 51864.3 | ||||||||||||
31 | 1-Hexanol | 851 | 108.9 | 10.82 | 137.59 | 4.57 | 33.29 | 1.49 | 62.15 | 7.74 | 14.8 | 7.34 | 33.65 | 47.6 | ||||
32 | 3-ethoxy-Propanol | 833 | 40.23 | 2.67 | 55.19 | 34.44 | 64.25 | 17.715 | 29.33 | 7.05 | 82.57 | 12.27 | 98.85 | 52.61 | ||||
33 | Isobutanol | 647 | 9854.79 | 262.93 | 8041.47 | 2.28 | 22432.98 | 1803.43 | 17018.02 | 12945.72 | 2849.94 | 12593.74 | 1040.56 | |||||
34 | Methionol | 978 | 266.39 | 142.01 | 266.71 | 30.07 | Nd | 42.58 | 64.56 | 5.93 | 8.4 | |||||||
35 | Isoamyl alcohol | 31276.83 | 2546.51 | 30257.95 | 536.34 | 21182.44 | 1471.7 | 34607.6 | 11519.76 | 34191.78 | 4674.47 | 24232.3 | 12570.1 | |||||
36 | Guaiacol | 1089 | 131.53 | 4.58 | 85.42 | 13.26 | 93.52 | 12.09 | 115.24 | 44.51 | 125.01 | 28.39 | 49.07 | |||||
37 | Phenylethyl Alcohol | 1118 | 3294.85 | 534.53 | 3446.39 | 576.43 | 8502.17 | 1331.22 | 9527.54 | 2295.83 | 9903.82 | 4338.51 | 6696.66 | 3835.75 | ||||
38 | 1-Butanol | 675 | 167.66 | 28.22 | 530.19 | 92.92 | 343.05 | 311.04 | 294.54 | 81.73 | 895.69 | 507.3 | 143.73 | |||||
39 | 2,3-Butanediol | 806 | 1584.31 | 460.75 | 4668.68 | 736.44 | 4026.13 | 744.14 | 3648.25 | 755.42 | 10600.96 | 6533.65 | 7745.62 | |||||
Total | 73716.77 | 77015.35 | 85567.57 | 94788.2 | 110114.03 | 71376.9 |
Compounds | Natural Community | Synthetic Community Ro-Sc-Lp | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
With Packing | Without Packing | With Packing | Without Packing | |
Isoamyl acetate | 1.78 ± 0.3 | 2.00 ± 0.46 | Nd | Nd |
Phenethyl acetate | 1159.08 ± 69.74 | 7.92 ± 0.95 | Nd | Nd |
Ethyl propionate | 4.85 ± 0.15 | Nd | Nd | Nd |
Ethyl myristate | 3.29 ± 0.1 | Nd | Nd | Nd |
Ethyl stearate | 3.03 ± 0.8 | Nd | Nd | Nd |
Ethyl laurate | Nd | 26.58 ± 16.80 | Nd | Nd |
Ethyl Acetate | 3.16 ± 1.19 | 1.65 ± 0.12 | Nd | Nd |
Ethyl lactate | Nd | Nd | 2.5 ± 0.2 | Nd |
Ethyl Oleate | 9.12 ± 0.98 | 2.97±1.61 | Nd | Nd |
Ethyl Isobutyrate | Nd | Nd | 16.62 ± 0.89 | Nd |
Ethyl palmitate | 28.33 ± 17.45 | 3.64 ± 1.07 | Nd | Nd |
Isobutyl acetate | 43.14 ± 6.43 | 34.01 ± 14.05 | Nd | Nd |
Isovaleric acid | Nd | 23.69 ± 6.19 | Nd | 275.58 ± 45.67 |
Pentanoic acid | Nd | Nd | 124.72 ± 13.45 | 593.58 ± 34.23 |
Acetic acid | 23.31 ± 2.63 | 8.53 ± 6.03 | 4.13 ± 0.56 | 1017.38 ± 21.12 |
1-Hexanol | 40.66 ± 6.89 | Nd | Nd | 18.82 ± 0.93 |
Isobutanol | 3.24 ± 0.3 | 210.87 ± 140.32 | Nd | Nd |
Methionol | Nd | 4.35 ± 2.75 | Nd | Nd |
Propanol | Nd | Nd | 10.41 ± 2.34 | Nd |
Butanol | Nd | Nd | 10.72 ± 3.23 | Nd |
1-Methyl-butanol | Nd | Nd | 5.04 ± 0.12 | Nd |
2-methyl-butanol | Nd | Nd | 158.59 ± 13.89 | Nd |
Isobutyl alcohol | Nd | Nd | 378.19 ± 16.78 | Nd |
Isoamyl alcohol | 2374.62 ± 64.32 | 1703.32 ± 19.8 | 4247.63 ± 234.89 | 256.69 ± 13.89 |
Guaiacol | 3.29 ± 0.5 | Nd | Nd | 3594.66 ± 84.91 |
Phenylethyl Alcohol | 1902.86 ± 89.90 | 0.58 ± 0.41 | 2017.87 ± 89.78 | Nd |
2,3-Butanediol | 47.80 ± 1.21 | Nd | Nd | 2070.68 ± 34.37 |
Benzaldehyde | 25.50 ± 5.25 | 136.39 ± 17.50 | 91.75 ± 7.62 | Nd |
Acetaldehyde | 2.78 ± 0.67 | Nd | Nd | 559.68 ± 23.34 |
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Ly, S.; Bajoul Kakahi, F.; Mith, H.; Phat, C.; Fifani, B.; Kenne, T.; Fauconnier, M.-L.; Delvigne, F. Engineering Synthetic Microbial Communities through a Selective Biofilm Cultivation Device for the Production of Fermented Beverages. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070206
Ly S, Bajoul Kakahi F, Mith H, Phat C, Fifani B, Kenne T, Fauconnier M-L, Delvigne F. Engineering Synthetic Microbial Communities through a Selective Biofilm Cultivation Device for the Production of Fermented Beverages. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(7):206. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070206
Chicago/Turabian StyleLy, Sokny, F. Bajoul Kakahi, Hasika Mith, Chanvorleak Phat, Barbara Fifani, Tierry Kenne, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, and Frank Delvigne. 2019. "Engineering Synthetic Microbial Communities through a Selective Biofilm Cultivation Device for the Production of Fermented Beverages" Microorganisms 7, no. 7: 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070206
APA StyleLy, S., Bajoul Kakahi, F., Mith, H., Phat, C., Fifani, B., Kenne, T., Fauconnier, M. -L., & Delvigne, F. (2019). Engineering Synthetic Microbial Communities through a Selective Biofilm Cultivation Device for the Production of Fermented Beverages. Microorganisms, 7(7), 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070206