Description of a New Species of the Pareas hamptoni Complex from Yunnan, China, with Confirmation of P. hamptoni Sensu Stricto in China (Squamata, Pareidae) †
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Morphometrics
2.3. Molecular Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Results
3.2. Molecular Results
3.3. Systematics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
1 | Dorsal head solid black........................................................................................................................2 |
Dorsal head yellowish brown to reddish brown.............................................................................3 | |
2 | Dorsal body almost solid black........................................................................................Pareas niger |
Dorsal body yellow to brownish red with black bars......................................Pareas yunnanensis | |
3 | Vertebral scales not enlarged..................................................................................Pareas xuelinensis |
Three rows of vertebral scales enlarged...............................................................Pareas formosensis | |
One row of vertebral scales enlarged................................................................................................4 | |
4 | Subcaudals more than 91....................................................................Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto |
Subcaudals less than 91.......................................................................................................................5 | |
5 | Ventrals less than 188................................................................................................Pareas geminatus |
Ventrals more than 189..................................................................Pareas guanyinshanensis sp. nov. |
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Smith, K.T.; Georgalis, G.L. The Diversity and Distribution of Palaeogene Snakes—A Review, with Comments on Vertebral Sufficiency. In The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes; Gower, D., Zaher, H., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2022; pp. 55–84. [Google Scholar]
- Zheng, Y.; Wiens, J.J. Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2016, 94, 537–547. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deepak, V.; Ruane, S.; Gower, D.J. A New Subfamily of Fossorial Colubroid Snakes from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. J. Nat. Hist. 2019, 52, 2919–2934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zaher, H.; Murphy, R.W.; Arredondo, J.C.; Graboski, R.; Machado-Filho, P.R.; Mahlow, K.; Montingelli, G.G.; Quadros, A.B.; Orlov, N.L.; Wilkinson, M.; et al. Large-Scale Molecular Phylogeny, Morphology, Divergence-Time Estimation, and the Fossil Record of Advanced Caenophidian Snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0216148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Poyarkov, N.A.; Nguyen, T.V.; Pawangkhanant, P.; Yushchenko, P.V.; Brakels, P.; Nguyen, L.H.; Nguyen, H.N.; Suwannapoom, C.; Orlov, N.; Vogel, G. An integrative taxonomic revision of slug-eating snakes (Squamata: Pareidae: Pareineae) reveals unprecedented diversity in Indochina. PeerJ 2022, 10, e12713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, P.; Che, J.; Liu, Q.; Li, K.; Jin, J.Q.; Jiang, K.; Shi, L.; Guo, P. A revised taxonomy of Asia snail-eating snakes Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae): Evidence from morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny. ZooKeys 2020, 939, 45–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoso, M.; Asami, T.; Hori, M. Right-handed snakes: Convergent evolution of asymmetry for functional specialization. Biol. Lett. 2007, 3, 169–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wallach, V.; Williams, K.L.; Boundy, J. Snakes of the World. A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Vogel, G. A New Montane Species of the Genus Pareas Wagler, 1830 (Squamata: Pareatidae) from Northern Myanmar. Taprobanica 2015, 7, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- You, C.W.; Poyarkov, N.A.; Lin, S.M. Diversity of the snail-eating snakes Pareas (Serpentes, Pareatidae) from Taiwan. Zool. Scr. 2015, 44, 349–361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, L.; Chen, Z.; Suwannapoom, C.; Nguyen, T.V.; Poyarkov, N.A.; Vogel, G. A new species of the Pareas hamptoni complex (Squamata Serpentes: Pareidae) from the Golden Triangle. Taprobanica 2020, 9, 174–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Rao, D.Q. A new species of the genus Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 2021, 1011, 121–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vogel, G.; Nguyen, T.V.; Zaw, T.; Poyarkov, N.A. A new species of the Pareas monticola complex (Squamata, Serpentes, Pareidae) from Chin Mountains with additions to the Pareas fauna of Myanmar. J. Nat. Hist. 2021, 54, 2577–2612. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gong, Y.; Wu, J.; Huang, S.; Xu, Y.; Yang, D.; Liu, Y.; Liang, S.; Lee, P. A New Species of Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Guangxi Province, China. Animals 2023, 13, 2233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Uetz, P. The Reptile Database. Available online: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed on 2 November 2023).
- Le, D.T.T.; Tran, T.G.; Hoang, H.D.; Stuart, B.L. A New Species of Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae) from Southern Vietnam. Vertebr. Zool. 2021, 71, 439–451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boulenger, G.A. Descriptions of Two New Snakes from Upper Burma. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1905, 16, 235–236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, S.V.; Ho, C.T.; Nguyen, T.Q. Herpetofauna of Vietnam; Edition Chimaira: Frankfurt, Germany, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, E.M.; Huang, M.H.; Zong, Y.; Jiang, Y.M.; Huang, Q.Y.; Zhao, H.; Ma, J.F.; Zheng, J.; Huang, Z.J.; Wei, G.; et al. Fauna Sinica, Reptilia, Squamata. Serpentes; Science Press: Beijing, China, 1998. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, E.M. Snakes of China; Anhui Science Technology Publishing House: Hefei, China, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, D.T.; Rao, D.Q. Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan; Yunnan Science and Technology Press: Kuming, China, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, S.; Zhang, D.R.; Poyarkov, N.A.; Hou, M.; Wu, L.; Rao, D.Q.; Nguyen, T.V.; Vogel, G. Resurrection of Pareas yunnanensis (Vogt, 1922) with Description of a New Species of Pareas from Yunnan Province, China (Squamata, Pareidae). Eur. J. Taxon. 2023, 860, 1–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Yang, M.J.; Rao, J.Q.; Guo, Y.H.; Rao, D.Q. A New Species of Pareas Wagler, 1830 (Squamata, Pareidae) from Northwestern Yunnan, China. Taxonomy 2023, 3, 169–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Queiroz, A.D.; Lawson, R.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A. Phylogenetic relationships of North American garter snakes (Thamnophis) based on four mitochondrial genes: How much DNA is enough? Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2002, 22, 315–329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salvi, D.; Harris, D.J.; Kaliontzopoulou, A.; Carretero, M.A.; Pinho, C. Persistence across Pleistocene ice ages in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean refugia: Phylogeographic insights from the common wall lizard. BMC Evol. Biol. 2013, 13, 147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burland, T.G. DNASTAR’s Lasergene sequence analysis software. Methods Mol. Biol. 2000, 132, 71–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thompson, J.D.; Higgins, D.G.; Gibson, T.J. CLUSTAL W: Improving the Sensitivity of Progressive Multiple Sequence Alignment Through Sequence Weighting, Position-Specific Gap Penalties and Weight Matrix Choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4673–4680. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tamura, K.; Stecher, G.; Kumar, S. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2021, 38, 3022–3027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kalyaanamoorthy, S.; Minh, B.Q.; Wong, T.K.; Von Haeseler, A.; Jermiin, L.S. ModelFinder: Fast Model Selection for Accurate Phylogenetic Estimates. Nat. Methods 2017, 14, 587–589. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ronquist, F.; Teslenko, M.; Van Der Mark, P.; Ayres, D.L.; Darling, A.; Höhna, S.; Larget, B.; Liu, L.; Suchard, M.A.; Huelsenbeck, J.P. MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. Syst. Biol. 2012, 61, 539–542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, L.T.; Schmidt, H.A.; Von Haeseler, A.; Minh, B.Q. IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2015, 32, 268–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Species | Voucher | Locality | Cyt b | ND4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pareas guanyinshanensis sp. nov. | KIZ 2023038 | Yuanyang, Yunnan, China | PP215390 | PP215399 |
Pareas guanyinshanensis sp. nov. | KIZ 2023039 | Yuanyang, Yunnan, China | PP215389 | PP215398 |
Pareas guanyinshanensis sp. nov. | KIZ 2023040 | Yuanyang, Yunnan, China | PP215388 | PP215397 |
Pareas abros | ZMMU R-16393 | Song Thanh, Quang Nam, Vietnam | MZ712235 | MZ712262 |
Pareas andersonii | CAS 235359 | Natmataung, Chin, Myanmar | MT968772 | MW287040 |
Pareas atayal | NMNS 05594 | Beiheng, Taoyuan, Taiwan | KJ642124 | MW287041 |
Pareas baiseensis | ANU 000220008 | Baise, Guangxi, China | OQ054328 | OQ054329 |
Pareas berdmorei | AUP 01573 | Chiang Mai, Thailand | MZ712218 | MZ712244 |
Pareas boulengeri | GP2923 | Jiangkou, Guizhou, China | MK135090 | MK805355 |
Pareas carinatus | KIZ 011972 | Malaysia | MK135111 | MK805376 |
Pareas chinensis | CIB 010140 | Tianquan, Sichuan, China | JF827691 | JF827669 |
Pareas dulongjiangensis | KIZ R201607 | Gongshan, Yunnan, China | OQ718498 | — |
Pareas formosensis | NMNS 05637 | Nantou, Taiwan | MW287060 | MW287042 |
Pareas formosensis | H26-HAM01 | Guangdong, China | MW287061 | MW287043 |
Pareas formosensis | YBU 12015 | Hainan, China | MK135068 | MK805333 |
Pareas formosensis | GP4581 | Jingning, Zhejiang, China | MK135072 | MK805337 |
Pareas formosensis | YBU 12115 | Rongjiang, Guizhou, China | MK135075 | MK805340 |
Pareas formosensis | YBU 14508 | Guangxi, China | MK135076 | MK805341 |
Pareas formosensis | GP3696 | Yanshan, Jiangxi, China | MH046857 | MK805382 |
Pareas formosensis | ZMMU R-16333 | Kon Chu Rang, Gia Lai, Vietnam | MW287066 | MW287048 |
Pareas formosensis | ZMMU NAP-08868 | Song Thanh, Quang Nam, Vietnam | MW287063 | MW287045 |
Pareas formosensis | ZMMU R-16684 | Phia Oac, Cao Bang, Vietnam | MW287062 | MW287044 |
Pareas formosensis | ZMMU R-13709 | Bidoup–Nui Ba, Lam Dong, Vietnam | MW287064 | MW287046 |
Pareas formosensis | ZMMU R-14072 | Chu Yang Sin, Dak Lak, Vietnam | MW287065 | MW287047 |
Pareas formosensis | FMNH 255567 | Pu Mat, Nghe An, Vietnam | AY425806 | — |
Pareas geminatus | DL2019072910 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW287067 | — |
Pareas geminatus | DL2019093001 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW287071 | — |
Pareas geminatus | DL2019093002 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW287072 | — |
Pareas geminatus | CIB 118021 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW287068 | — |
Pareas geminatus | CIB 118022 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW287069 | — |
Pareas geminatus | CIB 118023 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW287070 | — |
Pareas geminatus | KIZ L2020020 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW436707 | — |
Pareas geminatus | KIZ L2020024 | Jiangcheng, Yunnan, China | MW436708 | — |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | YPX 18604 | Kachin, Myanmar | MK135078 | MK805343 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | YPX 18219 | Kachin, Myanmar | MK135077 | MK805342 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | CAS 221489 | Putao, Kachin, Myanmar | MW287077 | — |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | ZMMU NAP-09087 | Bat Xat, Lao Cai, Vietnam | MW287078 | MW287054 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | ZMMU NAP-09088 | Bat Xat, Lao Cai, Vietnam | MW287079 | MW287053 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | ROM 38104 | Sa Pa, Lao Cai, Vietnam | KX694896 | — |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | KIZ 20210517 | Malipo, Yunnan, China | PP215386 | PP215395 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | KIZ L2020018 | Malipo, Yunnan, China | PP215382 | PP215391 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | KIZ 201903001 | Hekou, Yunnan, China | PP215383 | PP215392 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | KIZ 20210518 | Hekou, Yunnan, China | PP215385 | PP215394 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | KIZ 20210519 | Hekou, Yunnan, China | PP215384 | PP215393 |
Pareas hamptoni sensu stricto | KIZ 2023046 | Jianshui, Yunnan, China | PP215387 | PP215396 |
Pareas iwasakii | NMNS 05655 | Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan | KJ642160 | — |
Pareas kaduri | BNHS 3574 | Lohit, Arunachal Pradesh, India | MW026190 | — |
Pareas komaii | NMNS 05618 | Lijia, Taitung, Taiwan | KJ642185 | MW287056 |
Pareas kuznetsovorum | ZMMU R-16802 | Song Hinh, Phu Yen, Vietnam | MZ712232 | MZ712258 |
Pareas macularius | ZMMU R-16629 | Ban Mauk, Sagaing, Myanmar | MT968771 | MW287057 |
Pareas margaritophorus | ZMMU NAP-09759 | Suan Phueng, Ratchaburi, Thailand | MZ712217 | MZ712243 |
Pareas modestus | MZMU 1293 | Aizawl, Mizoram, India | MT968773 | — |
Pareas monticola | ZMMU R-16631 | Ban Mauk, Sagaing, Myanmar | MW438296 | MW438301 |
Pareas niger | KIZ 059339 | Kunming, Yunnan, China | MW436706 | — |
Pareas niger | GP1294 | Mengzi, Yunnan, China | MK135079 | MK805344 |
Pareas niger | YBU 14251 | Mengzi, Yunnan, China | MK135080 | MK805345 |
Pareas niger | YBU 14252 | Mengzi, Yunnan, China | MK135081 | MK805346 |
Pareas niger | YBU 14253 | Mengzi, Yunnan, China | MK135082 | MK805347 |
Pareas niger | YBU 14288 | Mengzi, Yunnan, China | MK135083 | MK805348 |
Pareas niger | YBU 15100 | Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China | MK135084 | MK805349 |
Pareas niger | YBU 15114 | Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China | MK135085 | MK805350 |
Pareas nigriceps | CHS656 | Tengchong, Yunnan, China | MK201455 | — |
Pareas nuchalis | FK 2626 | Belait, Brunei Darussalam, Brunei | MZ603794 | U49311 |
Pareas stanleyi | HM 2007-S001 | Guilin, Guangxi, China | JN230704 | JN230705 |
Pareas temporalis | ZMMU R-13656 | Cat Loc, Lam Dong, Vietnam | MZ712238 | MZ712265 |
Pareas tigerinus | KIZ 20210703 | Menghai, Yunnan, China | OP752143 | — |
Pareas victorianus | CAS 235254 | Natmataung, Chin, Myanmar | MW438300 | MW438302 |
Pareas vindumi | CAS 248147 | Lukpwi, Kachin, Myanmar | MW287080 | MW287059 |
Pareas xuelinensis | KIZ XL1 | Lancang, Yunnan, China | MW436709 | — |
Pareas xuelinensis | KIZ XL2 | Lancang, Yunnan, China | MW436710 | — |
Pareas yunnanensis | KIZ 2022033 | Dali, Yunnan, China | OP752146 | — |
Pareas yunnanensis | KIZ 2022034 | Dali, Yunnan, China | OP752147 | — |
Pareas yunnanensis | KIZ 2022035 | Dali, Yunnan, China | OP752148 | — |
Pareas yunnanensis | KIZ 2022036 | Dali, Yunnan, China | OP752149 | — |
Aplopeltura boa | LSUHC 7248 | Sepilok, Sabah, Malaysia | KC916746 | U49312 |
KIZ 2023038 Holotype ♀ | KIZ 2023039 Paratype ♀ | KIZ 2023040 Paratype ♀ | |
---|---|---|---|
SVL | 488 | 482 | 540 |
TL | 146 | 126 | 152 |
PrFBO | Yes | Yes | Yes |
PreO | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
PosO | 1/1 | Fused/1 | 1/Fused |
SubO | 1/1 | Fused/1 | 1/Fused |
SPOF | No/No | Yes/No | No/Yes |
ATem | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
PTem | 3/3 | 4/4 | 2/2 |
SupL | 7/7 | 8/8 | 7/7 |
InfL | 7/8 | 7/6 | 7/7 |
LoBO | No | No | No |
Vs | 190 | 192 | 189 |
Prec | Undivided | Undivided | Undivided |
Sc | 89 | 72 | 80 |
DS | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 |
NED | 1 | 1 | 1 |
NKD | 0-5-5 | 0-5-7 | 0-5-5 |
Max | 5/4 | 5/5 | 5/5 |
KIZ 20210517 ♂ | KIZ L2020018 Juvenile | KIZ 201903001 ♀ | KIZ 20210518 Juvenile | KIZ 20210519 ♂ | KIZ 2023046 ♂ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SVL | 458 | 276 | 360 | 306 | 459 | 532 |
TL | 157 | 91 | 114 | 97 | 151 | Incomplete |
PrFBO | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
PreO | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
PosO | Fused/Fused | Fused/Fused | Fused/Fused | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
SubO | Fused/Fused | Fused/Fused | Fused/Fused | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
SPOF | Yes/yes | Yes/yes | Yes/yes | No/No | No/No | No/No |
ATem | 2/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 2/2 | 3/3 | 2/2 |
PTem | 3/2 | 3/3 | 3/2 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 |
SupL | 7/8 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 8/7 | 7/7 |
InfL | 6/6 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 8/8 | 7/7 |
LoBO | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Vs | 188 | 188 | 187 | 193 | 191 | 186 |
Prec | Undivided | Undivided | Undivided | Undivided | Undivided | Undivided |
Sc | 92 | 97 | 94 | 95 | 91 | Incomplete |
DS | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 |
NED | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
NKD | 0-3-5 | 0-3-3 | 0-3-5 | 0-3-3 | 0-3-5 | 0-5-7 |
Max | 4/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 4/4 | 5/5 | 4/5 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) | (16) | (17) | (18) | (19) | (20) | (21) | (22) | (23) | (24) | (25) | (26) | (27) | (28) | (29) | (30) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) | 23.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3) | 21.5 | 23.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(4) | 13.6 | 22.8 | 20.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(5) | 19.2 | 23.7 | 20.6 | 20.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(6) | 23.1 | 21.0 | 23.8 | 23.5 | 22.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(7) | 17.2 | 23.2 | 19.7 | 18.4 | 14.2 | 23.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(8) | 23.1 | 21.8 | 22.9 | 23.2 | 22.4 | 13.9 | 22.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(9) | 18.0 | 23.8 | 19.2 | 18.8 | 14.6 | 24.9 | 9.0 | 22.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(10) | 12.8 | 24.0 | 19.6 | 13.9 | 19.6 | 24.2 | 18.0 | 23.7 | 17.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(11) | 8.0 | 23.9 | 21.6 | 15.0 | 19.2 | 24.3 | 17.1 | 23.9 | 17.8 | 13.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(12) | 7.5 | 22.9 | 22.2 | 14.1 | 19.0 | 22.9 | 17.4 | 23.2 | 19.0 | 12.8 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
(13) | 4.2 | 23.5 | 21.7 | 14.0 | 18.9 | 23.3 | 17.2 | 23.5 | 18.3 | 12.6 | 8.0 | 7.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
(14) | 13.1 | 23.4 | 20.5 | 7.0 | 19.3 | 24.4 | 17.4 | 24.3 | 18.3 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 13.7 | |||||||||||||||||
(15) | 12.3 | 24.5 | 20.2 | 14.7 | 19.8 | 24.5 | 19.4 | 22.2 | 18.8 | 9.1 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 12.7 | 14.8 | ||||||||||||||||
(16) | 14.3 | 23.2 | 19.5 | 8.6 | 19.5 | 23.9 | 18.0 | 23.9 | 18.2 | 13.7 | 14.7 | 14.9 | 14.4 | 8.1 | 15.5 | |||||||||||||||
(17) | 22.7 | 21.2 | 23.8 | 23.2 | 23.3 | 13.2 | 22.6 | 13.2 | 23.0 | 24.2 | 23.3 | 23.1 | 23.2 | 24.4 | 22.9 | 24.3 | ||||||||||||||
(18) | 18.7 | 23.9 | 14.5 | 18.9 | 18.5 | 22.7 | 18.4 | 21.7 | 17.6 | 18.3 | 19.8 | 20.3 | 18.9 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 19.2 | 22.6 | |||||||||||||
(19) | 19.9 | 24.7 | 16.2 | 18.9 | 20.0 | 24.2 | 19.2 | 22.8 | 18.7 | 17.9 | 19.6 | 20.5 | 19.4 | 19.0 | 20.1 | 18.4 | 23.1 | 14.9 | ||||||||||||
(20) | 20.4 | 23.5 | 12.0 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 24.2 | 19.2 | 24.1 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 20.3 | 20.1 | 19.7 | 19.8 | 19.2 | 17.9 | 24.4 | 12.0 | 14.8 | |||||||||||
(21) | 18.6 | 22.7 | 18.7 | 17.7 | 20.3 | 21.7 | 18.3 | 22.9 | 18.5 | 17.6 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 18.7 | 18.1 | 21.9 | 17.1 | 18.9 | 18.7 | ||||||||||
(22) | 5.7 | 22.6 | 20.6 | 14.1 | 19.0 | 23.5 | 17.6 | 23.3 | 17.9 | 12.2 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 14.6 | 22.7 | 18.6 | 19.9 | 19.0 | 18.9 | |||||||||
(23) | 12.4 | 23.6 | 18.8 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 22.9 | 16.9 | 22.9 | 16.2 | 10.3 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 12.6 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 16.2 | 23.9 | 19.3 | 17.8 | 16.4 | 18.8 | 12.6 | ||||||||
(24) | 25.0 | 21.1 | 24.3 | 23.4 | 23.4 | 21.2 | 24.3 | 21.2 | 24.1 | 24.6 | 24.6 | 25.1 | 24.8 | 24.3 | 25.0 | 23.5 | 20.4 | 23.3 | 24.6 | 24.5 | 22.5 | 25.2 | 23.8 | |||||||
(25) | 19.2 | 25.7 | 20.4 | 19.2 | 16.3 | 25.2 | 15.7 | 24.7 | 15.4 | 19.2 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 18.7 | 18.9 | 20.3 | 17.3 | 24.9 | 18.6 | 19.5 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 19.0 | 24.0 | ||||||
(26) | 23.8 | 13.3 | 23.8 | 23.6 | 23.3 | 20.6 | 22.5 | 20.1 | 21.9 | 25.1 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.7 | 23.6 | 24.8 | 24.2 | 20.1 | 23.4 | 24.8 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 23.6 | 24.1 | 20.2 | 24.1 | |||||
(27) | 12.1 | 23.0 | 19.3 | 14.3 | 19.7 | 24.1 | 19.0 | 23.3 | 18.7 | 10.3 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 14.2 | 10.7 | 14.0 | 24.3 | 18.6 | 19.5 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 11.4 | 4.3 | 25.0 | 19.3 | 24.8 | ||||
(28) | 19.1 | 24.3 | 20.6 | 19.5 | 19.2 | 22.8 | 19.1 | 22.9 | 17.5 | 18.0 | 18.1 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 19.9 | 18.4 | 19.3 | 22.9 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 19.3 | 14.3 | 17.8 | 19.1 | 24.7 | 19.0 | 24.5 | 17.9 | |||
(29) | 11.0 | 24.4 | 20.8 | 14.7 | 19.5 | 24.4 | 18.4 | 24.2 | 17.7 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 11.5 | 14.5 | 12.3 | 15.0 | 23.8 | 19.0 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 17.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 24.7 | 19.4 | 25.3 | 11.9 | 17.8 | ||
(30) | 8.3 | 23.1 | 21.3 | 13.8 | 20.5 | 24.7 | 16.9 | 24.3 | 18.7 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 6.0 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 14.8 | 24.6 | 19.7 | 20.0 | 20.2 | 19.6 | 7.3 | 12.5 | 25.9 | 19.5 | 24.7 | 12.3 | 18.8 | 12.6 | |
(31) | 7.1 | 23.2 | 22.1 | 14.4 | 19.1 | 24.1 | 16.7 | 23.5 | 18.2 | 12.9 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 14.7 | 23.7 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 20.6 | 19.6 | 6.4 | 12.8 | 24.9 | 19.5 | 23.9 | 11.7 | 18.7 | 11.5 | 6.2 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) | (16) | (17) | (18) | (19) | (20) | (21) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||
(2) | 18.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(3) | 19.0 | 20.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
(4) | 16.7 | 22.3 | 19.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
(5) | 18.1 | 21.8 | 18.0 | 20.2 | |||||||||||||||||
(6) | 21.0 | 19.5 | 21.5 | 22.0 | 25.5 | ||||||||||||||||
(7) | 18.7 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 18.4 | 12.1 | 22.8 | |||||||||||||||
(8) | 21.5 | 18.9 | 23.0 | 21.1 | 22.4 | 14.3 | 21.0 | ||||||||||||||
(9) | 18.3 | 21.1 | 18.3 | 20.1 | 12.2 | 22.8 | 10.1 | 22.6 | |||||||||||||
(10) | 9.1 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 16.2 | 17.1 | 20.7 | 19.3 | 21.3 | 17.5 | ||||||||||||
(11) | 5.0 | 19.4 | 19.0 | 16.4 | 17.5 | 21.2 | 17.9 | 20.9 | 16.5 | 8.7 | |||||||||||
(12) | 17.8 | 21.9 | 19.7 | 7.5 | 20.8 | 22.3 | 19.0 | 21.6 | 19.2 | 16.2 | 17.5 | ||||||||||
(13) | 19.1 | 19.9 | 21.3 | 21.1 | 22.8 | 14.1 | 19.8 | 15.0 | 21.7 | 19.7 | 18.9 | 21.3 | |||||||||
(14) | 20.3 | 22.5 | 11.8 | 19.8 | 18.6 | 22.9 | 19.5 | 23.2 | 20.2 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 20.8 | 23.7 | ||||||||
(15) | 19.9 | 20.8 | 14.0 | 19.6 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 18.6 | 21.0 | 20.8 | 19.6 | 20.1 | 21.0 | 20.2 | 14.7 | |||||||
(16) | 18.7 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 18.9 | 19.3 | 21.6 | 18.2 | 20.7 | 18.4 | 20.0 | 18.5 | 20.5 | 19.5 | 22.0 | 21.4 | ||||||
(17) | 9.5 | 19.8 | 18.8 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 22.2 | 17.6 | 21.4 | 17.1 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 16.2 | 21.3 | 20.4 | 18.6 | 19.7 | |||||
(18) | 21.3 | 17.4 | 19.9 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 18.2 | 22.3 | 18.8 | 22.5 | 20.3 | 21.1 | 23.7 | 19.5 | 23.4 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 21.4 | ||||
(19) | 20.3 | 21.6 | 18.0 | 19.5 | 16.2 | 23.9 | 14.8 | 22.5 | 16.6 | 19.3 | 20.4 | 18.6 | 22.4 | 18.0 | 19.5 | 19.2 | 19.1 | 23.0 | |||
(20) | 19.0 | 9.4 | 20.0 | 19.9 | 20.8 | 19.3 | 20.2 | 19.2 | 18.7 | 18.9 | 19.4 | 19.6 | 18.9 | 21.9 | 19.6 | 19.5 | 18.0 | 17.4 | 20.1 | ||
(21) | 17.6 | 20.4 | 18.5 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 22.9 | 18.3 | 20.8 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 17.4 | 19.0 | 21.7 | 20.5 | 20.2 | 12.8 | 18.6 | 23.5 | 19.5 | 18.3 | |
(22) | 12.5 | 19.0 | 16.3 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 21.1 | 15.6 | 20.4 | 15.7 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 14.2 | 19.2 | 18.0 | 18.6 | 17.4 | 13.6 | 20.1 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 15.6 |
Pareas guanyinshanensis sp. nov. | Pareas hamptoni Sensu Stricto | |
---|---|---|
SVL (adult) | 482–540 | 360–532 |
TL (adult) | 126–152 | 114–157 |
TL/SVL | 0.26–0.30 | 0.32–0.37 |
PrFBO | Yes | Yes |
PreO | 1 | 1 |
PosO | Fused or 1 | Fused or 1 |
SubO | Fused or 1 | Fused or 1 |
SPOF | Yes or No | Yes or No |
ATem | 2 | 1–3 |
PTem | 2–4 | 2–3 |
SupL | 7–8 | 7–8 |
InfL | 6–8 | 6–9 |
LoBO | No | No |
Vs | 189–192 | 185–195 |
Prec | Undivided | Undivided |
Sc | 72–89 | 91–99 |
DS | 15-15-15 | 15-15-15 |
NED | 1 | 1 |
NKD | 0–5 | 0–9 |
Max | 4–5 | 4–5 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Liu, S.; Mo, M.; Li, M.; Li, B.; Luo, X.; Rao, D.; Li, S. Description of a New Species of the Pareas hamptoni Complex from Yunnan, China, with Confirmation of P. hamptoni Sensu Stricto in China (Squamata, Pareidae). Animals 2024, 14, 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030421
Liu S, Mo M, Li M, Li B, Luo X, Rao D, Li S. Description of a New Species of the Pareas hamptoni Complex from Yunnan, China, with Confirmation of P. hamptoni Sensu Stricto in China (Squamata, Pareidae). Animals. 2024; 14(3):421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030421
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Shuo, Mingzhong Mo, Mei Li, Biao Li, Xiong Luo, Dingqi Rao, and Song Li. 2024. "Description of a New Species of the Pareas hamptoni Complex from Yunnan, China, with Confirmation of P. hamptoni Sensu Stricto in China (Squamata, Pareidae)" Animals 14, no. 3: 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030421