Dynamic Response of Copper Plates Subjected to Underwater Impulsive Loading
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Configuration
2.1. DIC Method
2.2. Experimental Details
2.3. Underwater Pressure Peak and Impulse Estimation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Pressure Results
3.2. Specimens without Pre-Notches
3.3. Specimens with Pre-Notches
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Rajendran, R.L.J. Blast loaded plates. Mar. Struct. 2009, 22, 99–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fox, E.N. A review of underwater explosion phenomena. Comp. Underwater Explos. Res. 1947, 1, 1–83. [Google Scholar]
- Ahmed, W.K.P.J. Non-linear dynamic analysis assessment of explosively loaded submarine hull panels. Shock Vib. Bull. 1990, 1, 139–171. [Google Scholar]
- Ramajeyathilagam, K.; Vendhan, C.P. Deformation and rupture of thin rectangular plates subjected to underwater shock. Int. J. Impact Eng. 2004, 30, 699–719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramajeyathilagam, K.; Vendhan, C.P.; Rao, V.B. Non-linear transient dynamic response of rectangular plates under shock loading. Int. J. Impact Eng. 2000, 24, 999–1015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramajeyathilagam, K.; Vendhan, C.P.; Rao, V.B. Experimental and numerical investigations on deformation of cylindrical shell panels to underwater explosion. Shock Vib. 2001, 8, 253–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cole, R.H. Underwater Explosions, 2nd ed.; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 1948. [Google Scholar]
- Taylor, G.I. The pressure and impulse of submarine explosion waves on plates. In Aerodynamics and the Mechanics of Projectiles and Explosions; Batchelor, G.K., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1963; Volume III, pp. 287–303. [Google Scholar]
- Hung, C.F.; Hsu, P.Y.; Hwang-Fuu, J.J. Elastic shock response of an air-backed plate to underwater explosion. Int. J. Impact Eng. 2005, 31, 151–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Espinosa, H.D.; Lee, S.; Moldovan, N. A novel fluid structure interaction experiment to investigate deformation of structural elements subjected to impulsive loading. Exp. Mech. 2006, 46, 805–824. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mori, L.F.; Queheillalt, D.T.; Wadley, H.N.G.; Espinosa, H.D. Deformation and failure modes of I-core sandwich structures subjected to underwater impulsive loads. Exp. Mech. 2009, 49, 257–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Avachat, S.; Zhou, M. Effect of facesheet thickness on dynamic response of composite sandwich plates to underwater impulsive loading. Exp. Mech. 2012, 52, 83–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McShane, G.J.; Stewart, C.; Aronson, M.T.; Wadley, H.N.G.; Fleck, N.A.; Deshpande, V.S. Dynamic rupture of polymer-metal bilayer plates. Int. J. Solids Stuct. 2008, 45, 4407–4426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pan, B. Recent progress in digital image correlation. Exp. Mech. 2011, 51, 1223–1235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pan, B.; Yu, L.P.; Yang, Y.Q.; Song, W.D.; Guo, L.C. Full-field transient 3D deformation measurement of 3D braided composite panels during ballistic impact using single-carmera high-speed stereo-digital image correlation. Compos. Struct. 2016, 157, 25–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sprangher, K.; Vasilakos, I.; Lecompte, D.; Sol, H.; Vantomme, J. Full-field deformation measurements of aluminum plates under free air blast loading. Exp. Mech. 2012, 52, 1371–1384. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Louar, M.A.; Belkassem, B.; Ousji, H.; Spranghers, K.; Kakogiannis, D.; Pyl, L.; Vantomme, J. Explosive driven shock tube loading of aluminium plates: Experimental study. Int. J. Impact Eng. 2015, 86, 111–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, P.W.; Liu, H.; Ding, Y.S.; Guo, B.Q.; Chen, J.J.; Liu, H.B. Dynamic deformation of clamped circular plates subjected to confined blast loading. Strain 2016, 52, 478–491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aune, V.; Fagerholt, E.; Hauge, K.O.; Langseth, M.; Borvik, T. Experimental study on the response of thin aluminum and steel plates subjected to airblast loading. Int. J. Impact Eng. 2016, 90, 106–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tiwari, V.; Sutton, M.A.; McNeill, S.R.; Xu, S.W.; Deng, X.M.; Fourney, W.L.; Bretall, D. Application of 3D image correlation for full-field transient plate deformation measurements during blast loading. Int. J. Impact Eng. 2009, 36, 862–874. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gagliardi, F.J.; Cunningham, B.J. The use of digital image correlation in explosive experiments. In Proceedings of the 14th international detonation symposium, Coeur d’Alene, ID, USA, 11–16 April 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Arora, H.; Hooper, P.A.; Dear, J.P. The effects of air and underwater blast on composite sandwich panels and tubular laminate structures. Exp. Mech. 2012, 52, 59–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- LeBlanc, J.; Shukla, A. Dynamic response of curved composite panels to underwater explosive loading: Experimental and computational comparisons. Compos. Struct. 2011, 93, 3072–3081. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- LeBlanc, J.; Shukla, A. Response of E-glass/vinyl ester composite panels to underwater explosive loading: Effects of laminate modifications. Int. J. Impact Eng. 2011, 38, 796–803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xiang, D.L.; Rong, J.L.; He, X. Experimental investigation of dynamic response and deformation of aluminium honeycomb sandwich panels subjected to underwater impulsive loads. Shock Vib. 2015, 2015, 650167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, W.; Zhang, W.; Chen, T.; Jiang, X.W.; Liu, J.Y. Dynamic response of circular composite laminates subjected to underwater impulsive loading. Compos. Part. A 2018, 109, 63–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shukla, A.; Gupta, S.; Matos, H.; LeBlanc, J.M. Dynamic collapse of underwater metallic structures-recent investigations: Contributions after the 2011 Murray Lecture. Exp. Mech. 2018, 58, 387–405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siebert, T.; Becker, T.; Spiltthof, K.; Neumann, I. High-speed digital image correlation: Error estimations and applications. Opt. Eng. 2007, 46, 0510045. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pan, B.; Xie, H.M.; Guo, Z.Q.; Hua, T. Full-field strain measurement using a two-dimensional Savitzky-Golay digital differentiator in digital image correlation. Opt. Eng. 2007, 46, 0336013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pan, B.; Xie, H.M. Full-field strain measurement based on least-square fitting of local displacement for digital image correlation method. Acta Opt. Sin. 2007, 27, 1980–1986. [Google Scholar]
- Yu, L.; Pan, B. Color stereo-digital image correlation method using a single 3CCD color camera. Exp. Mech. 2017, 57, 649–657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schmidt, T.; Tyson, J.; Galanulis, K. Full-field dynamic displacement and strain measurement using advanced 3D image correlation photogrammetry: Part I. Exp. Tech. 2006, 27, 47–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, P.W.; Liu, H.; Zhang, S.L.; Chen, A.; Guo, B.Q. Full-field 3D deformation measurement of thin metal plates subjected to underwater shock loading. In Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, 1st ed.; Jin, H., Yoshida, S., Lamberti, L., Lin, M.T., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2016; Volume 3; pp. 211–223. [Google Scholar]
- Jones, N. Structural Impact, 2nd ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1997; pp. 348–349. [Google Scholar]
- Lecompte, D.; Smits, A.; Bossuyt, S.; Sol, H.; Vantomme, J.; Hemelrijck, D.V.; Habraken, A.M. Quality assessment of speckle patterns for digital image correlation. Opt. Laser Eng. 2006, 44, 1132–1145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Teeling-Smith, R.G.; Nurick, G.N. The deformation and tearing of circular plates subjected to impulsive loads. Int. J. Impact Eng. 1991, 11, 77–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Sample Number | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exp. | Equation (5) | Exp. | Equation (6) | ||
A1# | 158.3 | 84.9 | 86.5 | 50.4 | 47.8 |
A2# | 124.3 | 62.8 | 67.9 | 40.3 | 37.6 |
A3# | 129.5 | 65.6 | 70.8 | 42.0 | 39.2 |
A4# | 130.2 | 66.3 | 71.1 | 42.0 | 39.4 |
A5# | 46.6 | 23.4 | 25.5 | 15.5 | 14.1 |
A6# | 121 | 64.5 | 66.1 | 39.2 | 36.6 |
A7# | 128.9 | 65.7 | 70.4 | 41.8 | 39.0 |
Number | Thickness T (mm) | Measurement Error (%) | Failure Mode | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1# | 1 | 158.3 | 42.1 | 2769 | 27.9 | 27.3 | 2.05 | 0.183 | 2.15 | Mode |
A2# | 1 | 124.3 | 33.0 | 2174 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 1.61 | 0.157 | 0.84 | Mode |
A3# | 2 | 129.5 | 34.4 | 2264 | 22.2 | 22.8 | 0.84 | 0.146 | 2.7 | Mode |
A4# | 3 | 130.2 | 34.6 | 2277 | 16.1 | 17.2 | 0.56 | 0.106 | 6.83 | Mode |
A5# | 1 | 46.6 | 12.4 | 815 | 18.6 | 17.8 | 0.60 | 0.122 | 4.3 | Mode |
A6# | 1 | 121 | 32.2 | 2116 | 23.6 | 22.2 | 1.57 | 0.155 | 5.93 | Mode |
A7# | 1 | 128.9 | 34.3 | 2254 | 24 | 23.7 | 1.67 | 0.158 | 1.25 | Mode |
Sample Number | Thickness T (mm) | Pre-Notch | V0 (m/s) | Failure Mode | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shape | Depth H(mm) | Length L(mm) | Diameter Dc(mm) | ||||
C1# | 1 | Cross | 0.5 | 30 | — | 101.9 | Mode |
C2# | 1 | Cross | 0.5 | 30 | — | 118.9 | Mode |
C3# | 2 | Cross | 1.5 | 30 | — | 119.2 | Mode |
C4# | 1 | Cross | 0.5 | 50 | — | 140.8 | Mode |
R1# | 1 | Ring | 0.5 | — | 30 | 125.3 | Mode |
R2# | 1 | Ring | 0.5 | — | 50 | 121.0 | Mode |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Dai, K.; Liu, H.; Chen, P.; Guo, B.; Xiang, D.; Rong, J. Dynamic Response of Copper Plates Subjected to Underwater Impulsive Loading. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091927
Dai K, Liu H, Chen P, Guo B, Xiang D, Rong J. Dynamic Response of Copper Plates Subjected to Underwater Impulsive Loading. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(9):1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091927
Chicago/Turabian StyleDai, Kaida, Han Liu, Pengwan Chen, Baoqiao Guo, Dalin Xiang, and Jili Rong. 2019. "Dynamic Response of Copper Plates Subjected to Underwater Impulsive Loading" Applied Sciences 9, no. 9: 1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091927