Nitric Oxide Prevents Fe Deficiency-Induced Photosynthetic Disturbance, and Oxidative Stress in Alfalfa by Regulating Fe Acquisition and Antioxidant Defense
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Cultivation and Treatment
2.2. Measurement of Morphological Features and Photosynthetic Parameters
2.3. Nitric oxide (NO) Localization Using Fluorescent Histochemical Staining
2.4. Estimation of Elemental Concentration
2.5. Analysis of Soluble Protein Content
2.6. Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation
2.7. Measurement of Cell Death
2.8. Gene Expression Analysis by Real-Time PCR
2.9. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Alteration of Morphological Features
3.2. Fe Deficiency-Induced Chlorosis and Regulation of Photosynthetic Parameters
3.3. Changes of Cellular Stress Indicators
3.4. Regulation of Endogenous NO Level
3.5. Regulation of Mineral Nutrition and Transporter Expression
3.6. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
3.7. Expression of Key Genes Involved in ROS Homeostasis
4. Discussion
4.1. NO Mitigated Chlorosis, Photosynthetic Disruption, and Plant Growth Reduction
4.2. Endogenous NO Level Reduced ROS-Induced Cellular Damages
4.3. NO Involved in Regulating Nutrients Accumulation and Transporter Gene Expression
4.4. Antioxidant Genes Expressions Was Tightly Related to the Changes of Corresponding Enzymes Activities
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rahman, M.A.; Kabir, A.H.; Song, Y.; Lee, S.-H.; Hasanuzzaman, M.; Lee, K.-W. Nitric Oxide Prevents Fe Deficiency-Induced Photosynthetic Disturbance, and Oxidative Stress in Alfalfa by Regulating Fe Acquisition and Antioxidant Defense. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101556
Rahman MA, Kabir AH, Song Y, Lee S-H, Hasanuzzaman M, Lee K-W. Nitric Oxide Prevents Fe Deficiency-Induced Photosynthetic Disturbance, and Oxidative Stress in Alfalfa by Regulating Fe Acquisition and Antioxidant Defense. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(10):1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101556
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahman, Md Atikur, Ahmad Humayan Kabir, Yowook Song, Sang-Hoon Lee, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, and Ki-Won Lee. 2021. "Nitric Oxide Prevents Fe Deficiency-Induced Photosynthetic Disturbance, and Oxidative Stress in Alfalfa by Regulating Fe Acquisition and Antioxidant Defense" Antioxidants 10, no. 10: 1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101556