Moderate Intensity Resistive Training Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Muscle Mass and Function in Older Individuals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Sarcopenia Diagnosis
2.4. Training Intervention
2.5. Body Composition
2.6. Functional Performance Evaluations
2.7. Muscle Morphology
2.8. Muscle Strength (1RM)
2.9. Biological Samples
2.10. Analytical Procedures
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sarcopenia Diagnosis
3.2. Body Composition and Functional Performance
3.3. Muscle Morphology
3.4. Muscle Strength
3.5. Biological Samples
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
RT | resistive training |
SAR | sarcopenic elders |
SMI | skeletal muscle index |
VL | vastus lateralis |
EF | elbow flexors |
MT | muscle thickness |
PA | pennation angle |
RF | rectus femoris |
ACSA | anatomical cross-sectional area |
EPR | electron paramagnetic resonance |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
TAC | total Antioxidant Capacity |
PC | protein carbonyls |
TBARS | thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances |
8-iso-PGF2-α- | 8-isoprostane |
8-OH-dG | 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine |
OxS | markers of oxidative stress/damage |
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SAR-NT | SAR-RT | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 15 9 F/6 M | n = 20 10 F/10 M | |||
Pre 12 Weeks | Post 12 Weeks | Pre Training | Post Training | |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
Age (years) | 71.7 ± 3.4 | 71.7 ± 3.4 | 73.0 ± 5.5 | 73.0 ± 5.5 |
Body Mass (kg) | 69.8 ± 15.0 | 70.2 ± 15.4 | 76.3 ± 16 | 75.7 ± 16.8 |
Stature (m) | 1.62 ± 0.1 | 1.62 ± 0.1 | 1.65 ± 0.1 | 1.65 ± 0.1 |
BMI (kg m−2) | 26.6 ± 3.5 | 26.8 ± 3.6 | 27.7 ± 4.4 | 27.5 ± 4.7 |
Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg) | 20.8 ± 6.3 | 21.2 ± 5.9 | 22.5 ± 6.3 | 22.9 ± 6.4 |
SMI% | 29.6 ± 3.8 | 29.8 ± 3.6 | 29.4 ± 4.7 | 30.2 ± 4.2 # |
Handgrip (kg) | 27.8 ± 9.4 | 29.4 ± 9.6 | 32.4 ± 10.7 | 30.9 ± 10.6 |
SPPB Score | 11.7 ± 0.4 | 11.6 ± 0.4 | 11.0 ± 1.8 | 11.2 ± 1.2 |
Get-Up and go Score | n = 15 freely mobile | n = 15 freely mobile | n = 19 freely mobile n = 1 mostly independent | n = 20 freely mobile |
Stair Climbing (W) | 256.1 ± 87.6 | 262.4 ± 84.5 | 299.8 ± 114.0 | 322.8 ± 148.2 ## |
Classification | ||||
Non sarcopenic | n = 0 | n = 0 | n = 0 | n = 3 |
Class I sarcopenia | n = 14 | n = 14 | n = 14 | n = 14 |
Class II sarcopenia | n = 1 | n = 1 | n = 6 | n = 3 |
SAR-NT | SAR-RT | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle Morphology | Pre 12 Weeks | Post 12 Weeks | P | Pre Training | Post Training | Difference % | P | MDC95% |
VL—PA (°) | 15.7 ± 2.5 | 15.6 ± 2.3 | 0.092 | 13.5 ± 3.1 | 15.3 ± 2.8 | +13.4% | <0.001 | 9.6% |
VL—MT (cm) | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 0.202 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | +5.5% | 0.002 | 4.9% |
RF—ACSA (cm2) | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 0.226 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | +14.5% | <0.001 | 10.0% |
EF—MT (cm) | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 0.123 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | +10.4% | <0.001 | 8.3% |
1 RM (kg) | Pre | Post | Difference | P | MDC95% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chest press | 22.2 ± 12.3 | 44.6 ± 15.4 | +101.0% | <0.001 | 15.0% |
Leg press | 90.0 ± 32.2 | 167.2 ± 87.3 | +85.8% | <0.001 | 9.4% |
Vertical row | 26.5 ± 15.5 | 50.2 ± 17.4 | +88.7% | <0.001 | 15.6% |
Lateral rise | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | +66.6% | <0.001 | 39.3% |
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Share and Cite
Vezzoli, A.; Mrakic-Sposta, S.; Montorsi, M.; Porcelli, S.; Vago, P.; Cereda, F.; Longo, S.; Maggio, M.; Narici, M. Moderate Intensity Resistive Training Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Muscle Mass and Function in Older Individuals. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100431
Vezzoli A, Mrakic-Sposta S, Montorsi M, Porcelli S, Vago P, Cereda F, Longo S, Maggio M, Narici M. Moderate Intensity Resistive Training Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Muscle Mass and Function in Older Individuals. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(10):431. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100431
Chicago/Turabian StyleVezzoli, Alessandra, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Michela Montorsi, Simone Porcelli, Paola Vago, Ferdinando Cereda, Stefano Longo, Marcello Maggio, and Marco Narici. 2019. "Moderate Intensity Resistive Training Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Muscle Mass and Function in Older Individuals" Antioxidants 8, no. 10: 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100431