Proinflammatory Innate Cytokines and Distinct Metabolomic Signatures Shape the T Cell Response in Active COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Plan
2.2. Human Ethics
2.3. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Isolation
2.4. THSTI In-House RBD IgG ELISA
2.5. Virus Neutralization Assay
2.6. Peptide Pool
2.7. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Response
2.8. Flow Cytometry
2.9. Metabolomic Analysis
2.10. In Vitro Stimulation of PBMCs with TLR Agonists
2.11. Analysis of Cytokine Secretion by Luminex
2.12. Data Representation and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants Is Broadly Inadequate in Active-COVID-19 Patients
3.2. Spike-Specific T Cell Response in COVID-19 Patients
3.3. Cross-Reactive Spike-Specific T Cell Response against Delta and Omicron Variants Is Largely Preserved in Active COVID-19 Patients
3.4. Early Proinflammatory Innate Cytokine Response Correlates with a Robust T Cell Response
3.5. Distinct Metabolomic Alterations Characterize Acute COVID-19 Infection
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Binayke, A.; Zaheer, A.; Dandotiya, J.; Gupta, S.K.; Mani, S.; Tripathy, M.R.; Madan, U.; Shrivastava, T.; Kumar, Y.; Pandey, A.K.; et al. Proinflammatory Innate Cytokines and Distinct Metabolomic Signatures Shape the T Cell Response in Active COVID-19. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101762
Binayke A, Zaheer A, Dandotiya J, Gupta SK, Mani S, Tripathy MR, Madan U, Shrivastava T, Kumar Y, Pandey AK, et al. Proinflammatory Innate Cytokines and Distinct Metabolomic Signatures Shape the T Cell Response in Active COVID-19. Vaccines. 2022; 10(10):1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101762
Chicago/Turabian StyleBinayke, Akshay, Aymaan Zaheer, Jyotsna Dandotiya, Sonu Kumar Gupta, Shailendra Mani, Manas Ranjan Tripathy, Upasna Madan, Tripti Shrivastava, Yashwant Kumar, Anil Kumar Pandey, and et al. 2022. "Proinflammatory Innate Cytokines and Distinct Metabolomic Signatures Shape the T Cell Response in Active COVID-19" Vaccines 10, no. 10: 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101762