Alcohol Consumption Is a Coping Mechanism for Male Patients with Severe Anxiety Disorders Treated with Antidepressants Monotherapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Antidepressant Treatment
2.4. Clinical and Biochemical Evaluations
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. No Differences in Liver Enzymes and Blood Glucose Levels Were Observed in Patients with Anxiety, Regardless of Treatment
3.2. Increased GGT Values Were Observed in Men Compared to Women Regardless of Treatment
3.3. Gender Differences in GGT Levels Were Observed in Patients over 40 Years of Age
4. Discussion
4.1. Gender Differences in Anxiety Manifestation
4.2. Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Liver Function
4.3. Implications of Antidepressant Treatment
4.4. Glycemic Control
4.5. Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AD | Number of Patients | Mean Age (years) | Gender Ratio (M:F) | AST Blood Levels (1–40 U/L) | ALT Blood Levels (1–41 U/L) | AST/ALT Ratio (<1.1) | GGT Blood Levels (1–38 U/L) | Blood Glucose Levels (70–110 mg/dL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 88 | 50.00 ± 11.15 | 36:52 | 24.14 ± 15.50 | 26.44 ± 17.06 | 0.98 ± 0.36 | 31.70 ± 18.54 | 103.8 ± 20.51 |
SSRI | 29 | 48.62 ± 13.63 | 9:20 | 21.32 ± 9.51 | 24.00 ± 10.78 | 0.97 ± 0.37 | 27.76 ± 15.43 | 109.2 ± 22.81 |
SNRI | 26 | 49.50 ± 9.27 | 13:13 | 25.08 ± 16.64 | 28.05 ± 21.44 | 0.95 ± 0.33 | 31.25 ± 18.68 | 98.33 ± 14.60 |
TCA | 17 | 50.47 ± 9.05 | 9:8 | 28.89 ± 22.82 | 26.74 ± 13.19 | 1.08 ± 0.46 | 38.77 ± 22.23 | 98.98 ± 25.39 |
SARI | 16 | 52.81 ± 11.40 | 5:11 | 22.66 ± 12.76 | 27.93 ± 22.39 | 0.92 ± 0.28 | 32.06 ± 18.78 | 107.8 ± 16.55 |
AST Blood Levels (U/L) | ALT Blood Levels (U/L) | AST/ALT Ratio | GGT Blood Levels (U/L) | Blood Glucose Levels (mg/dL) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Descriptive statistics of the studied population | Mean | 24.14 | 26.44 | 0.98 | 31.7 | 103.8 |
Std. Deviation | 15.5 | 17.1 | 0.4 | 18.5 | 20.5 | |
Minimum | 8.3 | 8.1 | 0.4 | 9.3 | 76.3 | |
Maximum | 89.9 | 97.9 | 2.3 | 91.4 | 191.1 | |
Range | 81.6 | 89.8 | 1.9 | 82.1 | 114.8 | |
Skewness | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.8 | |
Kurtosis | 5.7 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 4.5 | |
Test for normal distribution D’Agostino and Pearson test | K2 | 57.7 | 64.6 | 20.3 | 24.3 | 43.3 |
p value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
Passed normality test (alpha = 0.05)? | No | No | No | No | No |
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Mușat, M.I.; Militaru, F.; Udriștoiu, I.; Mitran, S.I.; Cătălin, B. Alcohol Consumption Is a Coping Mechanism for Male Patients with Severe Anxiety Disorders Treated with Antidepressants Monotherapy. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092723
Mușat MI, Militaru F, Udriștoiu I, Mitran SI, Cătălin B. Alcohol Consumption Is a Coping Mechanism for Male Patients with Severe Anxiety Disorders Treated with Antidepressants Monotherapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(9):2723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092723
Chicago/Turabian StyleMușat, Mădălina Iuliana, Felicia Militaru, Ion Udriștoiu, Smaranda Ioana Mitran, and Bogdan Cătălin. 2024. "Alcohol Consumption Is a Coping Mechanism for Male Patients with Severe Anxiety Disorders Treated with Antidepressants Monotherapy" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 9: 2723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092723