Conducting Polyaniline Nanowire and Its Applications in Chemiresistive Sensing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Polyaniline Nanowires: An Overview
2.1. Chemical Structure and Electrochemical Properties
2.2. Electronic Conduction
3. Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanowires
3.1. Chemical Synthesis
3.2. Electrochemical Synthesis
3.2.1. Potentiostatic Growth
3.2.2. Galvanostatic Growth
3.2.3. Potentiodynamic Growth
3.2.4. Other Growth Methods
4. Polyaniline Nanowire-Based Chemiresistive Sensors
4.1. Potentiometric, Amperometric, and Conductometric Sensors
4.2. Gas Sensors
Sensor Type | Sensing Material | Diameter (nm) | Analyte | Detection Limit (LOD) | Response Time | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface acoustic wave | Polyaniline/In2O3 | 90 | H2, NO2, CO | ~ 2 ppm | ~ 30 s | [107] |
Surface acoustic wave | Polyaniline | 30–50 | H2 | 0.06% | ~ 100 s | [108,109] |
Amperometric | Polyaniline | 60–80 | nitrite | 5 × 10−8 M | ~ 5 s | [110] |
Amperometric | Polyaniline/Au nanoparticles | 30–50 | glucose | 5 × 10−7 M | ~ 5 s | [111] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline/CSA | ~100 | H2 | <1% | - | [15] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline | 40–80 | NH3, HCl, EtOH | ~0.5 ppm | ~100 s | [17] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline/Au nanoparticles | 80 | H2S, CH3SH | ~1 ppm | ~20 s | [101] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline | 30–40 | CO | ~1 ppm | ~100 s | [100] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline | 335 | NH3 | 0.5 ppm | ~75 s | [99] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline | 30–120 | HCl, NH3, N2H4, CHCl3, CH3OH | 100 ppm | 2~200 s | [3] |
Chemiresistive | SWCNT/Polyaniline | 15 | NO2, H2S | 500 ppb | ~10 min | [104] |
Chemiresistive | Graphene/Polyaniline | 25–50 | H2 | - | ~1 min | [105] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline/Au nanoparticles | 250–320 | H2S | 0.1 ppb | <2 min | [106] |
Chemiresistive | polyaniline | 100 | humidity | - | ~1 min | [102] |
Chemiresistive | Polyaniline/PVB/PEO | 100 | humidity | - | ~50 s | [103] |
Target-guided formation method | Polyaniline | - | microRNA | 5 fM | 30–60 min | [94] |
Labeled direct charge transfer | polyaniline | ~200 | Bacillus cereus | ~10 CFU/mL | - | [112] |
4.3. Biosensors
5. Current Limitations of Polyaniline-Based Sensors
6. Conclusions
Conflict of Interest
References
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Song, E.; Choi, J.-W. Conducting Polyaniline Nanowire and Its Applications in Chemiresistive Sensing. Nanomaterials 2013, 3, 498-523. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano3030498
Song E, Choi J-W. Conducting Polyaniline Nanowire and Its Applications in Chemiresistive Sensing. Nanomaterials. 2013; 3(3):498-523. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano3030498
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Edward, and Jin-Woo Choi. 2013. "Conducting Polyaniline Nanowire and Its Applications in Chemiresistive Sensing" Nanomaterials 3, no. 3: 498-523. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano3030498