Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Appropriateness for Children in Primary Healthcare Settings in Beijing City, China, 2017–2019
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Selected Indicators of the Prescriptions
2.2. Patterns of Antibiotic Use among Children
2.3. Appropriateness of Antibiotic Use for Children
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Methods
4.1.1. Study Design
4.1.2. Study Setting and Data Source
4.1.3. Data Collection
4.2. Measurements
4.2.1. Indicators
4.2.2. Patterns of Antibiotic Use Indicated by the Sample Prescriptions
4.2.3. Appropriateness of the Antibiotic Prescriptions
4.2.4. Data Analysis
4.2.5. Ethics Approval
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicators | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prescriptions for children, n | 5569 | 4627 | 10,422 | 20,618 |
Antibiotic-containing prescriptions, n | 995 | 671 | 1447 | 3113 |
(% of prescriptions) | (17.9%) | (14.5%) | (13.9%) | (15.1%) |
Prescriptions with antibiotic combinations, n | 18 | 12 | 20 | 50 |
(% of antibiotic prescriptions) | (1.8%) | (1.8%) | (1.4%) | (1.6%) |
Prescriptions with antibiotic injections, n | 78 | 50 | 141 | 269 |
(% of antibiotic prescriptions) | (7.8%) | (7.5%) | (9.7%) | (8.6%) |
Irrational antibiotic prescriptions, n | 139 | 78 | 69 | 286 |
(% of antibiotic prescriptions) | (14.0%) | (11.6%) | (4.8%) | (9.2%) |
No. | Irrational Prescription Type | Frequency N = 292 | Proportion of 100.0% |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Irregular prescription | N = 59 | 20.2 |
1-1 | Missing elements, non-standardized, or illegible writing. | 4 | 1.4 |
1-3 | Absence of a prescription suitability review | 1 | 0.3 |
1-4 | Unspecified date of birth for infants and newborns (in months or days) | 8 | 2.7 |
1-7 | Illegible writing of dosage, specifications, usage, unit in the prescription | 6 | 2.1 |
1-8 | Ambiguous expression concerning dosage and/or use (e.g., “follow the doctor’s advice”, “self-medicated”, etc.) | 1 | 0.3 |
1-10 | Prescribing without a clinical diagnosis or with an incomplete clinical diagnosis | 13 | 4.5 |
1-14 | Non-conformity with the National Regulations on the Clinical Application of Antibiotics | 15 | 5.1 |
2 | Inappropriate prescription | N = 233 | 79.8 |
2-1 | Inappropriate indication | 25 | 8.6 |
2-2 | Inappropriate selection of drugs | 19 | 6.5 |
2-3 | Inappropriate route of administration | 22 | 7.5 |
2-5 | Inappropriate usage and dosage | 145 | 49.7 |
2-6 | Inappropriate combined use of drugs | 9 | 3.1 |
2-7 | Repeated administration | 6 | 2.1 |
2-8 | Incompatibility or adverse interaction | 4 | 1.4 |
2-9 | Other inappropriate situations | 3 | 1.0 |
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Wushouer, H.; Du, K.; Chen, S.; Zhou, Y.; Zheng, B.; Guan, X.; Shi, L. Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Appropriateness for Children in Primary Healthcare Settings in Beijing City, China, 2017–2019. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101248
Wushouer H, Du K, Chen S, Zhou Y, Zheng B, Guan X, Shi L. Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Appropriateness for Children in Primary Healthcare Settings in Beijing City, China, 2017–2019. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(10):1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101248
Chicago/Turabian StyleWushouer, Haishaerjiang, Kexin Du, Shicai Chen, Yue Zhou, Bo Zheng, Xiaodong Guan, and Luwen Shi. 2021. "Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Appropriateness for Children in Primary Healthcare Settings in Beijing City, China, 2017–2019" Antibiotics 10, no. 10: 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101248