Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with 4-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide Moiety against Clinical HLAR and VRE Enterococcus spp.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Synthesis and Chemical Characterization of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with 4-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide Moiety
2.2. Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
2.3. Effect of Derivatives on the Biofilm Produced by Enterococcus spp.
2.4. Blood Bacteriostatic Activity Tests
2.5. Study of Interactions of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with Antibiotics on Resistant Strains of Enterococcus spp.
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Determination of Susceptibility to Antibiotics by the Agar Disc Diffusion Method
4.3. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Determination
4.4. Inhibition of Biofilm (Prior to Biofilm and Post-Biofilm) Formation by the Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
4.5. Blood Bacteriostatic Activity Tests
4.6. Checkerboard Arrays for Planktonic Bacteria (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index)
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Full Strain Name, and Specific Resistance Mechanism | Ampicillin | Imipenem | Vancomicin | Teicoplanin | Co-trimoxazole | Norfloxacin | Gentamicin | Streptomycin | Doxycycline | Linezolid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enterococcus faecium 12835 HLAR | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0.00 | 20 ± 0.50 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 22 ± 0.0 |
Enterococcus faecium 12848 HLAR | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 17 ± 0.50 | 18 ± 0.50 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecalis 12214 HLAR | 11 ± 0.50 | 21 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0.00 | 20 ± 0.50 | 40 ± 1.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 19 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecalis 12245 HLAR | 12 ± 0.50 | 22 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0.00 | 18 ± 0.50 | 40 ± 1.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.00 |
Enterococccus faecium 12961 HLAR | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 12 ± 0.00 | 20 ± 0.50 | 41 ± 1.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 20 ± 0.00 | 26 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecalis 12338 HLAR | 12 ± 0.50 | 21 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0.00 | 19 ± 0.00 | 35 ± 1.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.50 |
nterococcus faecium 16247 HLAR | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 12 ± 0.00 | 20 ± 0.50 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 26 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecalis 3937152 HLAR, VRE | 14 ± 0.50 | 22 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 20 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.50 |
Enterococcus faecium 3934825 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 16 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.50 |
Enterococcus faecium 773081 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 17 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecium 895612 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0.00 | 35 ± 0.50 | 20 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 20 ± 0.00 | 26 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecium 508171 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0.00 | 40 ± 0.50 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 24 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecium 830981 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.50 |
Enterococcus faecium 264281 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecium 967321 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0.00 | 35 ± 0.50 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecium 966351 HLAR, VRE | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 16 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 26 ± 0.00 |
Enterococcus faecium 576181 HLAR, VRE | 6 ±0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 18 ± 0.00 | 40 ± 0.50 | 18 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 25 ± 0.50 |
Enterococcus faecium 885041 HLAR, VRE | 6 ±0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 6 ± 0.00 | 24 ± 0.00 |
Compd | MIC [µg/mL] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enterococcus sp. 773081 | Enterococcus sp. 508171 | Enterococcus sp. 830981 | Enterococcus sp. 264281 | Enterococcus sp. 967321 | Enterococcus sp. 966351 | Enterococcus sp. 576181 | Enterococcus sp. 885041 | |
16a | 4 ± 0.21 | 4 ± 0.18 | 4 ± 0.20 | 4 ± 0.15 | 4 ± 0.22 | 4 ± 0.30 | 4 ± 0.30 | 4 ± 0.33 |
16b | 8 ± 0.30 | 8 ± 0.50 | 16 ± 0.48 | 8 ± 0.18 | 8 ± 0.25 | 4 ± 0.30 | 16 ± 0.38 | 8 ± 0.42 |
16c | 4 ± 0.22 | 4 ± 0.38 | 4 ± 0.41 | 4 ± 0.24 | 4 ± 0.38 | 4 ± 0.31 | 4 ± 0.35 | 4 ± 0.30 |
16d | 2 ± 0.10 | 2 ± 0.10 | 2 ± 0.10 | 2 ± 0.05 | 2 ± 0.15 | 2 ± 0.10 | 2 ± 0.22 | 2 ± 0.10 |
16e | 16 ± 0.15 | 8 ± 0.50 | 16 ± 0.50 | 16 ± 0.50 | 16 ± 0.50 | 31.25 ± 0.50 | 8 ± 0.41 | 8 ± 0.50 |
16f | 8 ± 0.45 | 4 ± 0.25 | 4 ± 0.18 | 8 ± 0.50 | 4 ± 0.25 | 4 ± 0.28 | 4 ± 0.28 | 4 ± 0.35 |
17a | 8 ± 0.45 | 16 ± 0.50 | 16 ± 0.52 | 8 ± 0.50 | 16 ± 0.56 | 16 ± 0.50 | 16 ± 0.50 | 4 ± 0.20 |
17b | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 |
17c | 2 ± 0.18 | 4 ± 0.25 | 4 ± 0.25 | 4 ± 0.19 | 2 ± 0.05 | 4 ± 0.25 | 2 ± 0.25 | 4 ± 0.25 |
17d | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 | >125 |
co-trimoxazole | >2000:400 | 2000:400 ± 0.50 | >2000:400 | >2000: 400 | >2000:400 | 1250:250 ± 0.50 | >2000:400 | >2000:400 |
Concentration (μg/mL) | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16a | [1.08 ± 0.65] × 108 | [9.00 ± 0.35] × 107 | [7.00 ± 0.14] × 107 | [6.50 ± 0.10] × 107 | [5.00 ± 0.21] × 107 | [5.10 ± 0.35] × 107 |
16c | [2.00 ± 0.35] × 108 | [9.30 ±0.14] × 107 | [8.30 ± 0.14] × 107 | [5.90 ± 0.21] × 107 | [5.90 ± 0.24] × 107 | [4.10 ± 0.35] × 107 |
16d | [1.80 ± 0.10] × 108 | [8.20 ± 0.10] × 107 | [8.16 ± 0.13] × 107 | [4.20 ± 0.14] × 107 | [3.90 ± 0.42] × 107 | [3.50 ± 0.77] × 107 |
16f | [1.59 ± 0.17] × 108 | [1.27 ± 0.30] × 108 | [5.70 ± 0.14] × 107 | [4.40 ± 0.21] × 107 | [2.60 ± 0.20] × 107 | [2.00 ± 0.45] × 107 |
Concentration (µg/mL) | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16a | [1.80 ± 0.28] × 108 | [1.30 ± 0.85] × 107 | [1.30 ± 0.41] × 107 | [1.30 ± 0.70] × 107 | [1.20 ± 0.70]× 107 | [3.07 ± 0.64] × 107 |
16c | [1.90 ± 0.23] × 108 | [3.00 ± 0.35] × 107 | [3.00 ± 0.71] × 107 | [3.10 ± 084] × 107 | [8.00 ± 0.21] × 106 | [7.00 ± 0.71] × 106 |
16d | [1.50 ± 0.56] × 108 | [1.10 ± 0.60] × 107 | [7.00 ± 0.77] × 106 | [6.00 ± 0.71] × 106 | [5.40 ± 0.42] × 106 | [1.20 ± 0.55] × 106 |
17c | [2.27 ± 0.16] × 108 | [1.59 ± 0.43] × 108 | [1.15 ± 0.58] × 108 | [4.40 ± 0.41] × 107 | [2.60 ± 0.35] × 107 | [2.00 ± 0.62] × 107 |
Strains | Antibiotic | MIC Antibiotic (mg/mL) | Cinnamic Acid Derivative | MIC Cinnamic Acid Derivative (mg/mL) | FICI | Outcome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alone | Comb. | Alone | Comb. | |||||
Enterococcus faecalis 12214 | ampicillin | 10 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy |
0.001 | 16c | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy | |||
0.002 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1 | additivity | |||
0.001 | 16f | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy | |||
gentamycin | 2 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.5 | synergy | |
0.001 | 16c | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.125 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 1 | additivity | |||
0.001 | 16f | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.25 | synergy | |||
streptomycin | 10 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.25 | synergy | |
0.001 | 16c | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16f | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.25 | synergy | |||
Enterococcus faecalis 12338 | ampicillin | 0.8 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy |
0.001 | 16c | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.375 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16f | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy | |||
gentamycin | 2 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.25 | synergy | |
0.001 | 16c | 0.008 | 0.0005 | 0.062 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1 | additivity | |||
0.001 | 16f | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.25 | synergy | |||
streptomycin | 10 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.25 | synergy | |
0.001 | 16c | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.002 | 16f | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.25 | synergy |
Strains | Antibiotic | MIC Antibiotic (mg/mL) | Cinnamic Acid Derivative | MIC Cinnamic Acid Derivative (mg/mL) | FICI | Outcome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alone | Comb. | Alone | Comb. | |||||
E. faecium 966351 VRE | Ampicillin | 0.8 | 0.016 | 16a | 0.008 | 0.0005 | 0.082 | synergy |
0.008 | 16c | 0.016 | 0.0005 | 0.041 | synergy | |||
0.002 | 16d | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.252 | synergy | |||
0.016 | 17c | 0.016 | 0.0005 | 0.082 | synergy | |||
Gentamycin | 2 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.25 | synergy | |
0.001 | 16c | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1 | additivity | |||
0.032 | 17c | 0.008 | 0.008 | 1.016 | additivity | |||
Streptomycin | 10 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.5 | synergy | |
0.032 | 16c | 0.008 | 0.008 | 1.003 | additivity | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.032 | 17c | 0.008 | 0.008 | 1.003 | additivity | |||
Vancomycin | 0.008 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.25 | synergy | |
0.001 | 16c | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.625 | partial synergism | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1.125 | additivity | |||
0.001 | 17c | 0.008 | 0.0005 | 0.188 | synergy | |||
E. faecium 830981 VRE | Ampicillin | 0.5 | 0.016 | 16a | 0.008 | 0.0005 | 0.082 | synergy |
0.008 | 16c | 0.016 | 0.0005 | 0.041 | synergy | |||
0.002 | 16d | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.252 | synergy | |||
0.016 | 17c | 0.016 | 0.0005 | 0.082 | synergy | |||
Gentamycin | 2 | 0.016 | 16a | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.33 | synergy | |
0.016 | 16c | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.58 | partial synergism | |||
0.008 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1 | additivity | |||
0.001 | 17c | 0.008 | 0.0005 | 0.063 | synergy | |||
Streptomycin | 5 | 0.001 | 16a | 0.002 | 0.002 | 1 | additivity | |
0.001 | 16c | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.002 | 17c | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.125 | synergy | |||
Vancomycin | 1 | 0.002 | 16a | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy | |
0.002 | 16c | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.126 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 16d | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.5 | synergy | |||
0.001 | 17c | 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.251 | synergy |
(a) | |
List of Strains Listed in the Publication [18] | Full Strain Name and Specific Resistance Mechanism |
Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 | |
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 | Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 12835 | Enterococcus faecium 12835 HLAR |
Enterococcus sp. 12848 | Enterococcus faecium 12848 HLAR |
Enterococcus sp. 12214 | Enterococcus faecalis 12214 HLAR |
Enterococcus sp. 12245 | Enterococcus faecalis 12245 HLAR |
Enterococcus sp.12961 | Enterococccus faecium 12961HLAR |
Enterococcus sp. 12338 | Enterococcus faecalis 12338 HLAR |
Enterococcus sp. 16247 | Enterococcus faecium 16247 HLAR |
Enterococcus faecalis 3937152 | Enterococcus faecalis 3937152 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus faecium 3934825 | Enterococcus faecium 3934825 HLAR, VRE |
(b) | |
List of Strains Listed Only in This Publication | Full Strain Name, and Specific Resistance Mechanism |
Enterococcus sp. 773081 | Enterococcus faecium 773081 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 508171 | Enterococcus faecium 508171 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 830981 | Enterococcus faecium 830981 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 264281 | Enterococcus faecium 264281 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 967321 | Enterococcus faecium 967321 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 966351 | Enterococcus faecium 966351 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 576181 | Enterococcus faecium 576181 HLAR, VRE |
Enterococcus sp. 885041 | Enterococcus faecium 885041 HLAR, VRE |
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Hałasa, R.; Bułakowska, A.; Sławiński, J.; Smoktunowicz, M.; Rapacka-Zdończyk, A.; Mizerska, U. Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with 4-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide Moiety against Clinical HLAR and VRE Enterococcus spp. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1691. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121691
Hałasa R, Bułakowska A, Sławiński J, Smoktunowicz M, Rapacka-Zdończyk A, Mizerska U. Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with 4-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide Moiety against Clinical HLAR and VRE Enterococcus spp. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(12):1691. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121691
Chicago/Turabian StyleHałasa, Rafał, Anita Bułakowska, Jarosław Sławiński, Magdalena Smoktunowicz, Aleksandra Rapacka-Zdończyk, and Urszula Mizerska. 2023. "Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with 4-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide Moiety against Clinical HLAR and VRE Enterococcus spp." Antibiotics 12, no. 12: 1691. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121691