Integration of Wearables and Wireless Technologies to Improve the Interaction between Disabled Vulnerable Road Users and Self-Driving Cars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
Vehicular Communication
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Scenario Description
3.2. Technical Background
3.3. Description of the Proposal
3.3.1. Global Architecture
3.3.2. Message Format
4. Evaluation of the Proposal
4.1. Global Evaluation Scenario
4.2. Simulation Scenario Description
4.2.1. Network Simulation
4.2.2. Traffic Microsimulation
4.2.3. Bidirectionally Coupled Simulation
4.2.4. Common Interfaces
4.2.5. Scenario Map
4.3. Simulation Parameters
Detection and Stopping Algorithm
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Data rate | 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 27 Mbps |
Transmission bandwidth | 10 MHz |
Modulation schemes | BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM |
Codification rate | 1/2, 1/3, and 3/4 |
Data sub-carriers | 52 |
OFDM symbol duration | 8 μs |
Guard interval | 1.6 μs |
FFT period | 6.4 μs |
Preamble duration | 32 μs |
Sub-carriers spacing | 0.15625 MHz |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Number of vehicles | 8 |
Number of pedestrians | 1 |
Maximum vehicle speed | 32 m/s |
Maximum pedestrian speed | 2 m/s |
Simulation time | 200 s |
Distance of road trajectory | 700 m |
Number of road lanes | 4 (2 in each direction) |
Antenna type | Omnidirectional |
Transmission power | 15 dbm |
MAC layer | 802.11p |
Packet size | 1400 bytes |
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Guerrero-Ibañez, A.; Amezcua-Valdovinos, I.; Contreras-Castillo, J. Integration of Wearables and Wireless Technologies to Improve the Interaction between Disabled Vulnerable Road Users and Self-Driving Cars. Electronics 2023, 12, 3587. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173587
Guerrero-Ibañez A, Amezcua-Valdovinos I, Contreras-Castillo J. Integration of Wearables and Wireless Technologies to Improve the Interaction between Disabled Vulnerable Road Users and Self-Driving Cars. Electronics. 2023; 12(17):3587. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173587
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuerrero-Ibañez, Antonio, Ismael Amezcua-Valdovinos, and Juan Contreras-Castillo. 2023. "Integration of Wearables and Wireless Technologies to Improve the Interaction between Disabled Vulnerable Road Users and Self-Driving Cars" Electronics 12, no. 17: 3587. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173587