A Compact 2.4 GHz L-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for ISM-Band Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antenna Design
3. Parametric Study Working Principles
3.1. Working Principles
3.2. Aperture’s Length (L) and Width (W)
3.3. Patch’s Length (LP) and Width (WP)
4. Results and Discussion
5. Application Scenarios
Indoor Localization Systems
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Ref. | Antenna Shape | Antenna Size | Fractional BW (%) | Rad. Eff. (%) | Gain (dB) | Applications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | [11] | Meander line | 32.00 × 01.60 | 7.60 | - | 0.50 | * NS |
2017 | [34] | Spiral slot | 12.45 × 13.05 | 7.50 | - | 1.33 | * NS |
2018 | [35] | Uniplanar | 10.00 × 19.00 | 8.00 | - | 1.20 | 2.5 GHz applications |
2018 | [36] | Bowtie antenna | 29.00 × 13.70 | - | 89 | 1.47 | Wearable application |
2019 | [37] | Meander line | 40.00 × 10.00 | 12.5 | 79 | 1.34 | IoT |
2020 | [38] | Slotted SIW | 120.0 × 395.4 | 2.10 | - | 4.80 | WLAN |
2021 | [39] | Slot antenna | 105.0 × 85.00 | 3.20 | - | 4.00 | IoT |
2022 | [40] | Cage antenna | 49.00 × 49.00 | 3.20 | 93 | 3.00 | WLAN |
2023 | This study | L-shaped | 28.00 × 21.00 | 5.80 | 98 | 2.09 | IoT |
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Zambak, M.F.; Al-Bawri, S.S.; Jusoh, M.; Rambe, A.H.; Vettikalladi, H.; Albishi, A.M.; Himdi, M. A Compact 2.4 GHz L-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for ISM-Band Internet of Things (IoT) Applications. Electronics 2023, 12, 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092149
Zambak MF, Al-Bawri SS, Jusoh M, Rambe AH, Vettikalladi H, Albishi AM, Himdi M. A Compact 2.4 GHz L-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for ISM-Band Internet of Things (IoT) Applications. Electronics. 2023; 12(9):2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092149
Chicago/Turabian StyleZambak, Muhammad Fitra, Samir Salem Al-Bawri, Muzammil Jusoh, Ali Hanafiah Rambe, Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, Ali M. Albishi, and Mohamed Himdi. 2023. "A Compact 2.4 GHz L-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for ISM-Band Internet of Things (IoT) Applications" Electronics 12, no. 9: 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092149