Enhancement of the NORAD-Atomic-Data Database in Plasma
Abstract
:1. Introduction: NORAD-Atomic-Data
2. Atomic Processes and Parameters in NORAD-Atomic-Data
- (i)
- Energy levels
- (ii)
- Radiative atomic transition of excitation and de-excitation
- (iii)
- Photoionization (PI)
- (iv)
- Electron–ion recombination
- (v)
- Electron-impact excitation (EIE)
3. Merged Beam Technique at the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
3.1. The Photon Beam
3.2. The Ion Beam
3.3. Past Reviews on Measured Photoionization of Ions
Photoionization | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|
Li II | ⟶ | Li III | S. W. J. Scully, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 39, 3957, 2006 [32] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/39/18/024, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
B III | ⟶ | B IV | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 43, 135602, 2010 [40] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/43/13/135602/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
B II | ⟶ | B III | S. Schippers, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 36, 3371, 2003 [41] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/36/16/301/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
B II | ⟶ | B III | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 47, 135201, 2014 [42] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/47/13/135201/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
C IV | ⟶ | C V | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 42, 235602, 2009 [43] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/42/23/235602/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
C III | ⟶ | C IV | A. Müller, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 205, 301, 2003 [44] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X02019699, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
C III | ⟶ | C IV | S. W. J. Scully, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 38, 1967, 2005 [45] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/38/12/011/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
C III | ⟶ | C IV | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 35, L137, 2002 [46] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/35/7/101, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
C III, N IV, O V | ⟶ | C IV, N V, O VI | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 43, 225201, 2010 [28] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/43/22/225201/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
C II | ⟶ | C III | A. S. Schlachter, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 37, L103, 2004 [47] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/37/5/L03, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
O II | ⟶ | O III | A. M. Covington, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 243002, 2001 [29] (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.243002, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
O II | ⟶ | O III | A. Aguilar, et al., ApJS 146, 467, 2003 [48] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/368077, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ne IV, F III | ⟶ | Ne V, F IV | A. Aguilar, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 38, 343, 2005 [49] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/38/4/003, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ne III | ⟶ | Ne IV | S. N. Nahar, et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 443, 61–69, 2019 [50] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1387380618304056, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ne II | ⟶ | Ne III | A. M. Covington, et al., Phys. Rev. A 66, 062710, 2002 [30] (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.66.062710, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Na− | ⟶ | Na+ | A. M. Covington, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 34, L735, 2001 [31] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/34/22/105, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Mg II, Al III | ⟶ | Mg III, Al IV | A. Aguilar, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 67, 012701, 2003 [51] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.67.012701, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Al II | ⟶ | Al III | C. E. Hudson, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 38, 2911, 2005 [52] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/38/16/005/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
CO+ | ⟶ | CO2+ | G. Hinojosa, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 66, 032718, 2002 [53] (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.66.032718, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
CO+ | ⟶ | O+ | G. Hinojosa, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 38, 2701, 2005 [54] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/38/15/010, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
P III, P IV | ⟶ | P IV, P V | L. Hernández, et al., J. Quant. Spectroc. Ra., 159, 80–86, 2015 [55] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022407315000953, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
P II | ⟶ | P III | S. N. Nahar, et al., J. Quant. Spectroc. Ra., 187, 215–223, 2017 [56] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002240731630365X?via%3Dihub, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Cl III | ⟶ | Cl IV | S. N. Nahar, et al., Atoms, 11, 28, 2023 [57] (https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/11/2/28, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Cl II | ⟶ | Cl III | E. M. Hernández, et al., J. Quant. Spectroc. Ra., 151, 217, 2015 [58] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022407314004191, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ar VI | ⟶ | Ar VII | Jing Cheng Wang, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 75, 062712, 2007 [59] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.75.062712, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ar II | ⟶ | Ar III | A. M. Covington, et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 013413, 2011 [60] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.013413, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ar II | ⟶ | Ar IV | A. Müller, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 103, L031101, 2021 [61] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.L031101, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
K III | ⟶ | K IV | G. A. Alna’Washi, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 90, 023417, 2014 [62] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.023417, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ca IV | ⟶ | Ca V | Ghassan A. Alna’washi, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 81, 053416, 2010 [63] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.81.053416, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ca II | ⟶ | Ca III | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 50, 205001, 2017 [64] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aa8ba8/pdf, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Sc III | ⟶ | Sc IV | S. Schippers, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, 193002, 2002 [65] (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.193002, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Sc III | ⟶ | Sc IV | S. Schippers, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 67, 032702, 2003 [66] (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.67.032702, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Sc III | ⟶ | Sc IV | S. Schippers, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 205, 297, 2003 [67] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X02019651, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ti IV | ⟶ | Ti V | S. Schippers, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 37, L209, 2004 [68] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/37/10/L02, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Fe IV, VI, VIII | ⟶ | Fe V, VII, IX | M. F. Gharaibeh, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 83, 043412, 2011 [69] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.83.043412, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Zn II | ⟶ | Zn III | G. Hinojosa, et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 470, 4048–4060, 2017 [70] (https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/470/4/4048/3869632, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Se IV, Se VI | ⟶ | Se V, Se VII | D. A. Esteves, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 45, 115201, 2012 [71] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/45/11/115201/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Se III | ⟶ | Se IV | D. A. Macaluso, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 92, 063424, 2015 [72] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.063424, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Se II | ⟶ | Se III | N. C. Sterling, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 44, 025701, 2011 [73] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/44/2/025701/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Se II | ⟶ | Se III | D. A. Esteves, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 84, 013406, 2011 [23] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.013406, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Kr VI | ⟶ | Kr VII | M. Lu, et al., Phys. Rev. A. 74, 012703, 2006 [27] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012703, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Kr IV | ⟶ | Kr V | M. Lu, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 74, 062701, 2006 [74] (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.062701, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Kr II | ⟶ | Kr III | G. Hinojosa, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 86, 063402, 2012 [75] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.86.063402, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Xe V–VII | ⟶ | Xe VI–VIII | A. Aguilar, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 73, 032717, 2006 [76] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.032717, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Xe IV | ⟶ | Xe V | E. D. Emmons, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 71, 042704, 2005 [77] (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.71.042704, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Xe VIII | ⟶ | Xe IX | A Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 47, 215202, 2014 [78] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/47/21/215202, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
W VI | ⟶ | W VII | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 52, 195005, 2019 [79] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/ab39c8, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
W V | ⟶ | W VI | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 50, 085007, 2017 [80] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aa65df, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
W III–IV | ⟶ | W IV–V | B. M. McLaughlin, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 49, 065201, 2016 [81] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/49/6/065201, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
W II, IV, VI | ⟶ | W III, V, VII | A. Müller, et al., Phys. Scr., T144, 014052, 2011 [82] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-8949/2011/T144/014052/meta, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
W II | ⟶ | W III | A. Müller, et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 48, 235203, 2015 [22] (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/48/23/235203, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ce III–Ce V | ⟶ | Ce IV–Ce VI | A. Müller, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 133001, 2008 [83] (https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.133001, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
Ce II–Ce X | ⟶ | Ce III–Ce XI | M. Habibi, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 80, 033407, 2009 [84] (https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.80.033407, accessed on 13 December 2023) |
4. New Additions to NORAD-Atomic-Data
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Acronyms
NORAD | Nahar OSU RADiative |
LBNL | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
ALS | Advanced Light Source |
OP | Opacity Project |
IP | Iron Project |
SNN | Sultana N. Nahar |
TOPbase | The Opacity Project Atomic Database |
TIPbase | The Iron Project Atomic Database |
SS | SUPERSTRUCTURE |
BPRM | Relativistic Breit–Pauli R-matrix |
NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
CC | Close Coupling Approximation |
DR | Intermediate Recombination |
AI | Autoionization |
DES | Dielectronic Recombination |
EIE | Electron-Impact Excitation |
MBT | Merged Beam Technique |
FWHM | Full Width Half Maximum |
ECR | Electron Cyclotron Resonance |
LCLS-XFEL | Linac Coherent-Light Source X-ray free-electron laser |
JWST | James Webb Space Telescope |
BESSY | Berlin Electron Storage Ring Society for Synchrotron Radiation (From German name) |
PETRA | Positron-Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator |
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Nahar, S.N.; Hinojosa-Aguirre, G. Enhancement of the NORAD-Atomic-Data Database in Plasma. Atoms 2024, 12, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12040022
Nahar SN, Hinojosa-Aguirre G. Enhancement of the NORAD-Atomic-Data Database in Plasma. Atoms. 2024; 12(4):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12040022
Chicago/Turabian StyleNahar, Sultana N., and Guillermo Hinojosa-Aguirre. 2024. "Enhancement of the NORAD-Atomic-Data Database in Plasma" Atoms 12, no. 4: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12040022