The Psychological Symptoms of College Student in China during the Lockdown of COVID-19 Epidemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Psychological Symptoms of College Students during the Epidemic
3.3. Distribution of Anxiety by the Grade of College Students
3.4. Analysis of the Significance of Factors
4. Discussions
5. Limitation
6. Future Direction
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Frequency | |
---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 408 (34.93%) |
Female | 760 (65.07%) | |
Grade | Freshmen | 397 (33.99%) |
Sophomore | 328 (28.08%) | |
Junior | 102 (8.73%) | |
Senior | 68 (5.82%) | |
Graduate student | 273 (23.37%) | |
Residence | Rural | 569 (48.72%) |
Urban | 599 (51.28%) | |
Annual household income (RMB million) | >0.8 | 2 (0.17%) |
0.4–0.8 | 20 (1.71%) | |
0.2–0.4 | 133 (11.39%) | |
<0.2 | 1013 (86.73%) | |
Health state | Regular | 1164 (99.66%) |
Exposed | 4 (0.34%) | |
Suspicion | 0 (0.00%) | |
Infected | 0 (0.00%) | |
Risk level of living region | Low | 385 (32.96%) |
Middle | 681 (58.30%) | |
High | 102 (8.73%) |
Psychological Symptoms | Normal | Mild | Moderate | Severe |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fear | 41.61% | 49.14% | 8.22% | 1.03% |
Anxiety | 38.36% | 54.02% | 0.00% | 6.51% |
Invulnerability | 73.89% | 22.86% | 2.23% | 1.03% |
Conformity | 50.51% | 40.5% | 8.3% | 0.68% |
Bravado | 88.01% | 11.04% | 0.77% | 0.17% |
Rebelliousness | 87.59% | 10.36% | 1.71% | 0.34% |
Insensitivity | 78.51% | 18.84% | 2.05% | 0.6% |
Level of Anxiety | Freshman | Sophomore | Junior | Senior | Graduate | Total Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 46.85% | 38.41% | 41.18% | 39.71% | 38.46% | 486 |
Mild | 44.33% | 50.61% | 51.96% | 52.94% | 52.38% | 574 |
Moderate | 7.56% | 9.76% | 4.90% | 5.88% | 9.16% | 96 |
Severe | 1.26% | 1.22% | 1.96% | 1.47% | 0.00% | 12 |
Variance | Residence (Mean ± SD) | F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Urban (n = 599) | Rural (n = 569) | |||
Invulnerability | 1.31 ± 0.58 | 1.30 ± 0.54 | 0.167 | 0.683 |
Conformity | 1.58 ± 0.67 | 1.60 ± 0.67 | 0.146 | 0.703 |
Fear | 1.68 ± 0.68 | 1.70 ± 0.65 | 0.218 | 0.641 |
Bravado | 1.15 ± 0.41 | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 2.728 | 0.099 |
Rebelliousness | 1.15 ± 0.46 | 1.14 ± 0.39 | 0.098 | 0.754 |
Insensitivity | 1.26 ± 0.53 | 1.24 ± 0.49 | 0.436 | 0.509 |
Anxiety | 2.32 ± 0.65 | 2.33 ± 0.64 | 0.071 | 0.790 |
Risk Level of Residence | Normal | Mild and Moderate | Severe | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
High | 25 (24.51%) | 64 (62.75%) | 13 (12.75%) | 102 (8.73%) |
Medium | 255 (37.44%) | 381 (55.95%) | 45 (8.29%) | 681 (58.30%) |
Low | 168 (43.64%) | 186 (48.31%) | 31 (8.05%) | 385 (32.96%) |
Risk Level of Residence | Normal | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | 32 (31.37%) | 51 (50.00%) | 16 (15.69%) | 3 (2.94%) | 102 (8.73%) |
Medium | 253 (37.15%) | 366 (53.74%) | 56 (8.22%) | 6 (0.88%) | 681 (58.30%) |
Low | 201 (52.21%) | 157 (40.78%) | 24 (6.23%) | 3 (0.78%) | 385 (32.96%) |
Variance | Gender (Mean ± SD) | F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male(n = 760) | Female (n = 408) | |||
Invulnerability | 1.40 ± 0.50 | 1.20 ± 0.41 | 2.400 | 0.128 |
Conformity | 1.60 ± 0.75 | 1.63 ± 0.56 | 0.032 | 0.858 |
Fear | 1.60 ± 0.60 | 1.77 ± 0.73 | 0.722 | 0.400 |
Bravado | 1.15 ± 0.49 | 1.03 ± 0.18 | 1.421 | 0.239 |
Rebelliousness | 1.10 ± 0.31 | 1.03 ± 0.18 | 0.925 | 0.341 |
Insensitivity | 1.25 ± 0.44 | 1.23 ± 0.50 | 0.014 | 0.905 |
Anxiety | 1.95 ± 0.60 | 2.17 ± 0.70 | 1.281 | 0.263 |
Variance | Annual Household Income (RMB Million) (Mean ± SD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<0.2 (n = 1013) | 0.2–0.4 (n = 133) | >0.4 (n = 22) | F | p | |
Invulnerability | 1.26 ± 0.44 | 1.38 ± 0.52 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.241 | 0.787 |
Conformity | 1.64 ± 0.63 | 1.75 ± 0.71 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.661 | 0.201 |
Fear | 1.72 ± 0.69 | 1.75 ± 0.71 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.464 | 0.631 |
Bravado | 1.08 ± 0.35 | 1.13 ± 0.35 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.149 | 0.862 |
Rebelliousness | 1.05 ± 0.22 | 1.13 ± 0.35 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.403 | 0.670 |
Insensitivity | 1.18 ± 0.39 | 1.63 ± 0.74 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 3.668 | 0.033 * |
Anxiety | 2.08 ± 0.70 | 1.88 ± 0.35 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 1.584 | 0.216 |
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Li, Y.; Qin, L.; Shi, Y.; Han, J. The Psychological Symptoms of College Student in China during the Lockdown of COVID-19 Epidemic. Healthcare 2021, 9, 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040447
Li Y, Qin L, Shi Y, Han J. The Psychological Symptoms of College Student in China during the Lockdown of COVID-19 Epidemic. Healthcare. 2021; 9(4):447. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040447
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yin, Linbo Qin, Yaobin Shi, and Jun Han. 2021. "The Psychological Symptoms of College Student in China during the Lockdown of COVID-19 Epidemic" Healthcare 9, no. 4: 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040447