Multiphasic Personality Assessment in a Case Series of Adolescent Patients with Suicidal Ideation and/or Attempts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Procedures and Measures
- six validity scales: Lie (L), Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN), True Response Inconsistency (TRIN), Infrequency 1(F1), Infrequency 2 (F2), Infrequency (F), Correction (K), Cannot Say (?);
- ten clinical scales: Hypochondria (Hs), Depression (D), Hysteria (Hy), Psychopathic deviation (Pd), Masculinity/Femininity (Mf), Paranoia (Pa), Psychasthenia (Pt), Schizophrenia (Sc), Hypomania (Ma), Social Introversion (Si);
- 15 content scales: Anxiety (A-anx), Obsessiveness (A-obs), Depression (A-dep), Health Concerns (A-hea), Alienation (A-aln), Bizarre Mentation (A-biz), Anger (A-ang), Cynicism (A-cyn), Conduct Problems(A-con), Low Self-Esteem (A-lse), Low Aspirations (A-las), Social Discomfort (A-sod), Family Problems (A-fam), School Problems(A-sch), Negative Treatment Indicators (A-trt);
- six supplementary scales: MacAndrew-Revised (MAC-R), Alcohol/Drug Problem Acknowledgement (ACK), Alcohol/Drug Problem Proneness (PRO), Immaturity (IMM), Anxiety(A), Repression(R).
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Differences between the SI and SA Groups in the Validity Scales of the MMPI-A
3.2. Differences between the SI and SA Groups in the Clinical Scales of the MMPI-A
3.3. Differences between the SI and SA Groups in the Content Scales of the MMPI-A
3.4. Differences between the SI and SA Groups in the Supplementary Scales of the MMPI-A
3.5. Difference between the SI and SA Groups about Specific Items of the MMPI-A Causing an Elevation of the D Scale (Depression)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable: Number of Subjects and Percentage Indicated | Total (n = 55) | SI (n = 26) | SA (n = 29) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male Female | 4 (7.3) 51 (92.7) | 3 (11.5) 23 (88.5) | 1 (3.5) 28 (96.5) |
Ethnicity | Caucasian African Latin (South America) Mixed Asian | 47 (85.5) 3 (5.5) 2 (3.6) 2 (3.6) 1 (1.8) | 20 (76.9) 2 (7.7) 1 (3.8) 2 (7.7) 1 (3.8) | 27 (93.1) 1 (3.6) 1 (3.6) 0 0 |
Siblings | Only child Major Minor Major and minor | 9 (16.4) 15 (27.2) 25 (45.5) 6 (10.9) | 4 (15.4) 7 (26.9) 11 (42.3) 4 (15.4) | 5 (17.2) 9 (31.1) 13 (44.8) 2 (6.9) |
Parents | Married Divorced | 31 (58.1) 23 (41.9) | 15 (57.7) 11 (42.3) | 16 (57.1) 12 (42.9) |
SES | Low Medium-low Medium Medium-high High | 5 (11.9) 3 (7.1) 13 (30.9) 13 (30.9) 8 (19.2) | 4 (23.5) 0 5 (29.4) 5 (29.4) 3 (17.7) | 1 (4) 3 (12) 8 (32) 8 (32) 5 (20) |
Previous consultations | Absent Present | 12 (22.2) 42 (77.8) | 5 (19.3) 21 (80.7) | 7 (25) 21 (75) |
Social relationships | Social withdrawal Poor relations Adequate relations | 6 (10.9) 30 (54.5) 19 (34.6) | 0 16 (61.5) 10 (38.5) | 6 (20.7) 14 (48.3) 9 (31.0) |
Familiarity | Depression (sub-threshold) Depression (supra-threshold) Bipolar disorder (sub-threshold) Anxiety (sub-threshold) Substance abuse Eating behavior disorder Opp. Defiant behavior disorder Personality disorder (sub-threshold) Other | 19 (34.5) 2 (3.6) 1 (1.8) 9 (16.4) 2 (3.6) 4 (7.3) 1 (1.8) 1 (1.8) 23 (41.8) | 9 (34.6) 0 1 (3.8) 4 (15.4) 2 (7.7) 1 (3.8) 1 (3.8) 1 (3.8) 12 (46.2) | 10 (34.5) 2 (6.9) 0 5 (17.2) 0 3 (10.3) 0 0 11 (37.9) |
Risky behaviors | Substance use, self-harm, SA | 40 (72.7) | 15 (57.7) | 25 (86.2) |
Academic performance | Poor Sufficient Good Excellent School withdrawal | 9 (16.3) 14 (25.5) 15 (27.7) 12 (21.8) 5 (9.1) | 3 (11.5) 5 (19.3) 8 (30.8) 7 (26.9) 3 (11.5) | 6 (20.7) 9 (31.1) 7 (24.1) 5 (17.2) 2 (6.9) |
Access modes | Outpatient clinic Day hospital Hospitalization | 13 (23.6) 1 (1.8) 41 (74.5) | 5 (19.3) 1 (3.8) 20 (76.9) | 8 (27.6) 0 21 (72.4) |
Diagnosis | Neurodevelopmental disorder Schizophrenia/psychotic disorders Bipolar and related Depression Anxiety disorders DOC and related Eating disorders Personality disorders Substance use disorders Other | 1 (1.8) 13 (23.6) 2 (3.6) 39 (70.9) 18 (32.7) 3 (5.5) 15 (27.3) 34 (61.8) 1 (1.8) 12 (21.8) | 0 4 (15.4) 2 (7.7) 18 (69.2) 10 (38.5) 1 (3.8) 9 (34.6) 7 (26.9) 1 (3.8) 5 (19.2) | 1 (3.5) 9 (31.0) 0 21 (72.4) 8 (27.6) 1 (3.5) 6 (20.7) 14 (48.2) 1 (3.5) 7 (24.1) |
Previous psychotherapy | Absent Present | 31 (56.3) 24 (43.7) | 14 (53.8) 12 (46.2) | 17 (58.6) 12 (41.4) |
Pharmacotherapy prescribed | Absent Present | 10 (20.0) 43 (80.0) | 6 (23.1) 20 (76.9) | 4 (14.8) 23 (85.2) |
Type of medication | Antipsychotic Antidepressant Anxiolytic Mood stabilizer | 26 (47.2) 20 (36.4) 30 (54.5) 4 (7.3) | 9 (32.1) 9 (32.1) 12 (48) 1 (4) | 17 (60.7) 11 (39.3) 18 (64.3) 3 (10.7) |
CGAS | - | 49.9 | 51 | 48.81 |
IQ | - | 105.01 | 104. 52 | 105.48 |
SI (n = 26) | SA (n = 25) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | t | p | |
Omissions | 5.9 | 5.22 | 2.2 | 4.06 | 2.8 | <0.001 ** |
VRIN | 54.2 | 11.05 | 55.64 | 7.55 | −0.53 | 0.299 |
TRIN-V | 58.9 | 6.11 | 58.64 | 8.06 | 0.103 | 0.459 |
F1 | 72.7 | 15.68 | 73.84 | 15.25 | −0.256 | 0.40 |
F2 | 70.5 | 16.91 | 75 | 14.88 | −0.998 | 0.162 |
F | 74.7 | 16.80 | 78.12 | 15.74 | 0.743 | 0.231 |
L | 46.3 | 8.27 | 50.36 | 8.50 | −1.743 | 0.044 * |
K | 45.62 | 7.45 | 47.08 | 6.70 | −0.737 | 0.232 |
F-K | 8.58 | 10.32 | 9.04 | 8.10 | −0.178 | 0.43 |
Hs | 69.92 | 11.23 | 68 | 12.65 | 0.568 | 0.286 |
D | 79.88 | 9.77 | 79.8 | 11.49 | 0.027 | 0.489 |
Hy | 68.88 | 11.98 | 68.88 | 12.01 | 0 | 0.5 |
Pd | 66.60 | 10.81 | 68 | 11.27 | −0.448 | 0.328 |
Mf | 50.52 | 10.60 | 44.44 | 8.46 | 2.242 | 0.015 * |
Pa | 71.72 | 11.64 | 72.2 | 11.31 | −0.148 | 0.442 |
Pt | 71.20 | 9.67 | 70.4 | 10.01 | 0.287 | 0.388 |
Sc | 75.72 | 13.47 | 73.12 | 13.43 | 0.683 | 0.249 |
Ma | 52.08 | 8.60 | 51.68 | 10.87 | 0.144 | 0.443 |
Si | 68.2 | 8.62 | 68.68 | 8.83 | −0.195 | 0.423 |
ANX | 70.4 | 11.655 | 72.6 | 8.836 | −0.752 | 0.228 |
OBS | 61 | 14.609 | 60.8 | 8.912 | 0.058 | 0.477 |
DEP | 71.52 | 10.042 | 76.52 | 9.592 | −1.8 | 0.39 |
HEA | 69 | 11.836 | 66.8 | 13.793 | 0.61 | 0.274 |
ALN | 73.56 | 15.314 | 70.56 | 12.484 | 0.759 | 0.226 |
BIZ | 63.68 | 12.841 | 63.64 | 15.256 | 0.01 | 0.496 |
ANG | 55.32 | 10.152 | 51.4 | 8.529 | 1.478 | 0.073 |
CYN | 51 | 11.8 | 50.56 | 11.637 | 0.133 | 0.447 |
CON | 57.76 | 15.621 | 50.52 | 8.945 | 2.011 | 0.026 * |
LSE | 70.44 | 14.897 | 69.88 | 10.365 | 0.154 | 0.439 |
LAS | 66.12 | 12.862 | 59.2 | 12.203 | 1.951 | 0.028 * |
SOD | 75.84 | 10.703 | 76.76 | 13.767 | −0.264 | 0.397 |
FAM | 62.32 | 13.009 | 60.6 | 14.6 | 0.44 | 0.331 |
SCH | 64.72 | 12.023 | 62.64 | 11.485 | 0.625 | 0.267 |
TRT | 72.68 | 21.075 | 70.48 | 16.83 | 0.408 | 0.343 |
MAC/R | 51.08 | 9.648 | 51.4 | 11.188 | −0.108 | 0.457 |
ACK | 65.8 | 15.538 | 61.08 | 16.036 | 1.057 | 0.148 |
PRO | 54.68 | 12.779 | 53.36 | 11.608 | 0.382 | 0.352 |
IMM | 68.24 | 13.116 | 64.8 | 10.583 | 1.021 | 0.156 |
A | 65.08 | 8.441 | 66.04 | 5.827 | −0.468 | 0.321 |
R | 57.64 | 10.169 | 62.6 | 8.602 | −1.862 | 0.034 * |
Item 68 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 0.92 | 0.282 | −1.42 | 0.078 |
Item 71 | 0.5 | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.999 | 0.161 |
Item 124 | 0.8 | 0.408 | 0.92 | 0.282 | −1.159 | 0.125 |
Item 177 | 0.85 | 0.368 | 0.84 | 0.374 | 0.059 | 0.477 |
Item 283 | 0.54 | 0.508 | 0.88 | 0.332 | −2.829 | 0.003 * |
Item 347 | 0.84 | 0.374 | 0.87 | 0.338 | −0.343 | 0.366 |
Item 371 | 0.81 | 0.402 | 0.8 | 0.408 | 0.068 | 0.473 |
Item 372 | 0.81 | 0.402 | 0.76 | 0.436 | 0.406 | 0.343 |
Item 399 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 0.84 | 0.374 | −0.626 | 0.267 |
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Cossu, G.; Vecchio, A.; Orlandi, M.; Casini, E.; Borgatti, R.; Mensi, M.M.; The Mondino Foundation Suicidality Research Group. Multiphasic Personality Assessment in a Case Series of Adolescent Patients with Suicidal Ideation and/or Attempts. Children 2023, 10, 1794. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111794
Cossu G, Vecchio A, Orlandi M, Casini E, Borgatti R, Mensi MM, The Mondino Foundation Suicidality Research Group. Multiphasic Personality Assessment in a Case Series of Adolescent Patients with Suicidal Ideation and/or Attempts. Children. 2023; 10(11):1794. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111794
Chicago/Turabian StyleCossu, Giulia, Arianna Vecchio, Marika Orlandi, Erica Casini, Renato Borgatti, Martina Maria Mensi, and The Mondino Foundation Suicidality Research Group. 2023. "Multiphasic Personality Assessment in a Case Series of Adolescent Patients with Suicidal Ideation and/or Attempts" Children 10, no. 11: 1794. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111794