Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) Impact for Traumatized Children—Meaningful Change on Attachment Security and Mental Health after One Year
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Children attending the daycare center have adverse childhood experiences, and they will have symptoms of different emotional and behavioral disturbances;
- Positive changes in children’s mental health after 1 year will be observed;
- In CAI, subscales indicating the security of attachment will shift towards more secure.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Setting of the Study
2.2. TBRI and Its Implementation in the Daycare Center
2.3. Assessment
Questionnaires
2.4. Data Collection Time and Data Processing
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Data
Attachment Organization and Its Links with Emotional or Behavioral Symptoms
3.2. The Change after 1 Year
Participants with the Attachment Organization Change
3.3. The Use of the TBRI Elements
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Connecting Principle | Empowering Principle | Correcting Principle |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
T1 (August–September 2019 or 2020) | T2 (February–March 2020 or 2021) | T3 (August–September 2020 or 2021) |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
Age, Mean (SD) | Distribution by Gender | Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mean | Diagnoses According to ICD-10 AM | Daycare Center Attendance in Days, Mean, SD | Attachment Organization at T1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9.4 (0.99) | 9 Boys 3 Girls | 2 | 62.9; 32.2 2 | 7 Insecure–Dismissing 1 Insecure–Preoccupied 4 Disorganized | |||
1 boy F93.8 + F90.0 | 1 boy F93.8 + F95.1 | 1 girl F93.8 + F98.0 | |||||
1 boy—F98.0 | |||||||
1 girl—F94.0 |
Participants ID | EO *_T1 | EO_T3 | Bal *_T1 | Bal_T3 | Ex *_T1 | Ex_T3 | Confl *_T1 | Confl_T3 | Coh *_T1 | Coh_T3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
012 ** | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
013 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 | 5 |
014 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2.5 |
016 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3.5 |
08 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
09 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 |
018 ** | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 1 | 2.5 |
Subscale | T1 | T3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | Effect Size | |
Anxiety/Depression | 6.8 | 1.9 | 4.9 * | 2.0 | 1.05 |
Withdrawn/Depressed | 4.0 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 0.05 |
Social Problems | 6.1 | 3.2 | 3.9 * | 2.6 | 0.57 |
Thought Problems | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.61 |
Attention Problems | 8.9 | 3.8 | 7.5 | 2.1 | 0.38 |
Rule-Breaking Behavior | 4.8 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 0.26 |
Aggressive Behavior | 11.9 | 4.4 | 7.2 * | 3.3 | 1.22 |
T2 | T3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | Effect Size | |
Connecting Principle: | |||||
Sometimes | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.25 | 0.5 | 0.58 |
Often | 3.0 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2.64 |
Always | 1.4 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 2.92 |
Empowering Principle: | |||||
Sometimes | 2.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.44 |
Often | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.39 |
Always | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
Correcting Principle: | |||||
Sometimes | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0 | 1.29 |
Often | 2.4 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.25 |
Always | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.41 |
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Misevičė, M.; Gervinskaitė-Paulaitienė, L.; Lesinskienė, S.; Grauslienė, I. Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) Impact for Traumatized Children—Meaningful Change on Attachment Security and Mental Health after One Year. Children 2024, 11, 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040411
Misevičė M, Gervinskaitė-Paulaitienė L, Lesinskienė S, Grauslienė I. Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) Impact for Traumatized Children—Meaningful Change on Attachment Security and Mental Health after One Year. Children. 2024; 11(4):411. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040411
Chicago/Turabian StyleMisevičė, Monika, Lina Gervinskaitė-Paulaitienė, Sigita Lesinskienė, and Izabelė Grauslienė. 2024. "Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) Impact for Traumatized Children—Meaningful Change on Attachment Security and Mental Health after One Year" Children 11, no. 4: 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040411