Callous–Unemotional Traits and Emotion Perception Accuracy and Bias in Youths
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Emotion Recognition and CU Traits
1.2. This Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (ICU)
2.2.2. Conduct Problems
2.2.3. Recognition Task
2.3. Data Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M (SD) | Skew. | Kurt. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Sex | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2-Age | 0.06 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3-Conduct Problems | 0.43 (0.33) | 0.85 | 0.20 | −0.01 | 0.01 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||
4-CU Traits | 0.81 (0.36) | 0.62 | 0.44 | 0.21 *** | 0.12 * | 0.38 *** | - | |||||||||||||||||||||
5-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (all emotions-frontal) | 0.52 (0.19) | −0.54 | −0.32 | −0.26 *** | 0.07 | −0.11 | −0.17 ** | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
6-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (all emotions: oriented) | 0.48 (0.16) | −0.53 | −0.15 | −0.29 *** | 0.07 | −0.12 * | −0.22 *** | 0.80 *** | - | |||||||||||||||||||
7-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (all emotions: total) | 0.50 (0.17) | −0.67 | −0.09 | −0.29 *** | 0.08 | −0.12 * | −0.20 *** | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
8-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (anger: frontal) | 0.43 (0.23) | 0.17 | −0.67 | −0.19 *** | 0.003 | −0.05 | −0.15 ** | 0.66 *** | 0.55 *** | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
9-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (anger: oriented) | 0.39 (0.21) | 0.09 | −0.83 | −0.22 *** | 0.02 | −0.08 | −0.16 ** | 0.57 *** | 0.79 *** | - | 0.52 *** | - | ||||||||||||||||
10-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (anger: total) | 0.43 (0.19) | −0.23 | −0.69 | −0.24 *** | 0.02 | −0.09 | −0.20 *** | - | - | 0.83 *** | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
11-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (fear: frontal) | 0.45 (0.22) | −0.12 | −0.81 | −0.27 *** | 0.10 | −0.02 | −0.12 * | 0.88 *** | 0.70 *** | - | 0.52 *** | 0.47 *** | - | - | ||||||||||||||
12-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (fear: oriented) | 0.50 (0.23) | −0.23 | −0.71 | −0.27 *** | 0.09 | −0.06 | −0.18 ** | 0.71 *** | 0.86 *** | - | 0.46 *** | 055 *** | - | 0.66 *** | - | |||||||||||||
13-Emotion Recognition Accuracy (fear: total) | 0.46 (0.21) | −0.31 | −0.83 | −0.29 *** | 0.11 | −0.04 | −0.15 ** | - | - | 0.91 *** | - | - | 0.68 *** | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
14-Emotion Recognition Bias (anger: frontal) | 0.20 (0.15) | 0.67 | −0.31 | −0.07 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.02 | - | 0.14 * | 0.01 | - | 0.20 *** | 0.03 | - | - | |||||||||||
15-Emotion Recognition Bias (anger: oriented) | 0.22 (0.15) | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.004 | −0.06 | 0.004 | −0.04 | −0.10 | −0.10 | - | 0.01 | −0.29 *** | - | −0.09 | −0.01 | - | 0.23 *** | - | ||||||||||
16-Emotion Recognition Bias (anger: total) | 0.20 (0.12) | 0.59 | −0.01 | −0.04 | 0.01 | −0.003 | 0.04 | - | - | −0.001 | - | - | −0.20 *** | - | - | 0.08 | - | - | - | |||||||||
17-Emotion Recognition Bias (fear: frontal) | 0.20 (0.15) | 0.38 | −0.23 | 0.07 | −0.11 | −0.13* | −0.04 | −0.19 *** | −0.15 ** | - | −0.07 | −0.06 | - | −0.40 *** | −0.15 ** | - | −0.32 *** | −0.01 | - | - | ||||||||
18-Emotion Recognition Bias (fear: oriented) | 0.16 (0.11) | 0.43 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.10 | −0.04 | −0.004 | −0.14 * | −0.14 * | - | −0.01 | 0.02 | - | −0.13 ** | −0.38 *** | - | 0.01 | −0.13 * | - | 0.12 * | - | |||||||
19-Emotion Recognition Bias (fear: total) | 0.19 (0.10) | 0.19 | −0.43 | 0.06 | −0.15 ** | −0.11 | −0.04 | - | - | −0.23 *** | - | - | −0.03 | - | - | −0.42 *** | - | - | −0.22 *** | - | - | - | ||||||
20-Specific Emotion Recognition Bias (anger to fear: frontal) | 0.76 (1.16) | 2.16 | 5.71 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.25 *** | −0.46 *** | −0.42 *** | - | −0.28 *** | −0.34 *** | - | −0.42 *** | −0.37 *** | - | 0.44 *** | 0.26 *** | - | −0.08 | 0.10 | - | - | |||||
21-Specific Emotion Recognition Bias (anger to fear: oriented) | 0.91 (1.18) | 2.01 | 5.48 | 0.10 | −0.09 | 0.14 * | 0.17 ** | −0.49 *** | −0.52 *** | - | −0.34 *** | −0.48 *** | - | −0.41 *** | −0.49 *** | - | 0.16 ** | 0.50 *** | - | 0.04 | −0.03 | - | 0.50 *** | - | ||||
22-Specific Emotion Recognition Bias (anger to fear: total) | 1.67 (2.02) | 2.10 | 5.53 | 0.08 | −0.04 | 0.14 * | 0.24 *** | - | - | −0.57 *** | - | - | −0.58 *** | - | - | −0.53 *** | - | - | 0.49 *** | - | - | 0.02 | - | - | - | |||
23-Specific Emotion Recognition Bias (fear to anger: frontal) | 0.92 (1.16) | 1.88 | 5.52 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.004 | 0.12 * | −0.40 *** | −0.35 *** | - | −0.46 *** | −0.28 *** | - | −0.39 *** | −0.28 *** | - | −0.06 | 0.11 | - | 0.48 *** | 0.09 | - | 0.22 *** | 0.22 *** | - | - | ||
24-Specific Emotion Recognition Bias (fear to anger: oriented) | 0.62 (0.98) | 2.58 | 11.93 | 0.03 | −0.07 | −0.004 | 0.11 | −0.35 *** | −0.39 *** | - | −0.23 *** | −0.35 *** | - | −0.30 *** | −0.38 *** | - | −0.03 | 0.05 | - | 0.14 * | 0.54 *** | - | 0.29 *** | 0.13 * | - | 0.36 *** | - | |
25-Specific Emotion Recognition Bias (fear to anger: total) | 1.54 (1.77) | 2.07 | 7.92 | 0.03 | −0.07 | 0.001 | 0.14 * | - | - | −0.48 *** | - | - | −0.46 *** | - | - | −0.44 *** | - | - | 0.03 | - | - | 0.47 *** | - | - | 0.30 *** | - | - | - |
Sex | Age | Conduct Problems | CU Traits | R2 | F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotion recognition accuracy (all emotions: total) | −0.27 *** | 0.11 | −0.07 | −0.13 * | 0.11 | (4,292) = 9.872 *** |
Emotion recognition accuracy (anger: total) | −0.21 *** | 0.05 | −0.04 | −0.15 * (a) | 0.07 | (4,292) = 6.580 *** |
Emotion recognition accuracy (fear: total) | −0.28 *** | 0.14 * | −0.01 | −0.11 | 0.10 | (4,292) = 9.135 *** |
Emotion recognition bias (anger: total) | −0.05 | 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.06 | (4,292) = 0.324 | 0.001 |
Emotion recognition bias (fear: total) | 0.06 | −0.15 * | −0.11 | 0.01 (b) | 0.02 | (4,292) = 2.794 * |
Sex | Age | Conduct Problems | CU Traits | Pseudo R2 | LR χ2 (df) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specific emotion recognition bias (anger to fear: total) | −0.06 | −0.07 | 0.23 | 0.70 * | 0.01 | 16.642 ** (4) |
Specific emotion recognition bias (fear to anger: total) | 0.03 | −0.11 | −0.22 | 0.55 | 0.02 | 6.620 (4) |
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Ciucci, E.; Baroncelli, A.; Facci, C.; Righi, S.; Frick, P.J. Callous–Unemotional Traits and Emotion Perception Accuracy and Bias in Youths. Children 2024, 11, 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040419
Ciucci E, Baroncelli A, Facci C, Righi S, Frick PJ. Callous–Unemotional Traits and Emotion Perception Accuracy and Bias in Youths. Children. 2024; 11(4):419. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040419
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiucci, Enrica, Andrea Baroncelli, Carolina Facci, Stefania Righi, and Paul J. Frick. 2024. "Callous–Unemotional Traits and Emotion Perception Accuracy and Bias in Youths" Children 11, no. 4: 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040419