COVID-19 Related Information on Pediatric Dental Care including the Use of Teledentistry: A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Pediatric Oral and Dental Care and the COVID-19 Pandemic
3.1.1. Changes in Pediatric Oral and Dental Care during the First Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic
3.1.2. Pediatric Oral and Dental Care Provision during the Further Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic
3.1.3. Pediatric Dentistry Practice: Infection Control, Ergonomics, and Pedodontics Patient Management
In-Office Procedures
Home Care Prescriptions and Recommendations
3.2. Dental Caries in Pediatric Subjects during the COVID-19 Pandemic
3.2.1. Nutrition
3.2.2. Oral Hygiene
3.2.3. Fluoroprophylaxis
3.3. TMD Disorders and Oral Bad Habits
3.4. Pediatric Oral and Dental Care: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Future Applications in Pedodontics
3.4.1. Pediatric Dentistry Practice during and after the COVID-19 Era
3.4.2. Teledentistry
Teleconsultations in Pediatric Dentistry
Telediagnosis in Pediatric Dentistry
Telescreening in Pediatric Dentistry
Teleassistance and Telemonitoring in Pediatric Dentistry
Telehealth Networks in Pediatric Dentistry
Tele-Education and Pediatric Dentistry
3.4.3. Mobile Health (m-Health)
Restorative Dentistry Apps
Dental Prophylaxis App
Oral Medicine Apps
Oral Surgery App
Orthodontics App
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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US [9] | Italy [10] | Turkey [11] | Israel [12] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | |
Dental traumas | 67.4% | 68.0% | Dislocation and Avulsion 41% Fractures 35.5% | 24.7% | ||||
School-related | 21.8% | 1.9% | ||||||
Cycling-related | 3.6% | 9.6% | ||||||
Dog bites-related | 6.0% | 8.7% | ||||||
Swelling/pain | 32.6% | |||||||
Swelling due to abscess | 22.7% | 25.2% | 86.5% | |||||
Pain due to dental pulp inflammation | 94.0% | |||||||
Infections | 28.1% | 23.5% | 15% | 15% | 28.4% | |||
Dental | 40.0% | 68.1% | ||||||
Mucosal (“oral ulcers”) | 47.6% | 19.4% | ||||||
Mucosal injuries | ||||||||
Due to orthodontic appliances | 20.5% | |||||||
Not due to orthodontic appliances (any) | 19.5% |
India March–July 2020 [14] | Poland March–April 2019/2020 [15] | ||
---|---|---|---|
Non Emergency treatments | 2019 | 2020 | |
Primary teeth | |||
6.4% | 19.3% | ||
Teeth restorations | 42% | Permanent teeth | |
5.8% | 11.4% | ||
Preventive procedures | 24.4% | ||
Elective treatments | 12.6% | ||
Emergency treatments | |||
Endodontics | 3.2% | 12.8% | |
Abscess incisions | 3.5% | 17.8% | |
Oral mucosal lesions treatments | 2.3% | 4.3% | |
Surgical dressing | 1.5% | 10.07% |
Turkey [20] | Germany [21] | Brazil [22] | Italy [23] (Orthodontics) | Italy [24] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dental routine visits | Before COVID-19 outbreak 60.4% | After COVID-19 Outbreak 5.2% | Before COVID-19 outbreak 24.4% | After COVID-19 outbreak 17.8% | ||||
Missed dental routine visits | 64.2% | 16% | ||||||
Dental treatment | −38% | |||||||
Urgent treatments (only) | 66.6% | 72% | ||||||
Non-urgent treatments | 15.1% | |||||||
Missed appointment for urgent treatments | 86% | |||||||
Parents’ anxiety or fear | 54.6% | 65.3% | ||||||
Parents considering the dental setting as a source of infection | 79.6% | 2020 [24] 55.3% | 2022 [25] 43% |
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Di Spirito, F.; Amato, A.; Di Palo, M.P.; Ferraro, G.A.; Baroni, A.; Serpico, R.; Contaldo, M. COVID-19 Related Information on Pediatric Dental Care including the Use of Teledentistry: A Narrative Review. Children 2022, 9, 1942. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121942
Di Spirito F, Amato A, Di Palo MP, Ferraro GA, Baroni A, Serpico R, Contaldo M. COVID-19 Related Information on Pediatric Dental Care including the Use of Teledentistry: A Narrative Review. Children. 2022; 9(12):1942. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121942
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Spirito, Federica, Alessandra Amato, Maria Pia Di Palo, Giuseppe A. Ferraro, Adone Baroni, Rosario Serpico, and Maria Contaldo. 2022. "COVID-19 Related Information on Pediatric Dental Care including the Use of Teledentistry: A Narrative Review" Children 9, no. 12: 1942. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121942