Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of an Extract from the Overground Parts of Phlomis russeliana Lag. ex Benth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Extraction and Isolation of Verbascoside
2.3. Phytochemical Analysis
2.4. Animals
2.5. In Vitro Experiments on Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
2.6. In Vivo Experimental Design
2.6.1. GSH and MDA Determination in Liver Tissue
2.6.2. Assay of Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT) in Blood Serum
2.6.3. Histopathological Examination
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Obtaining EPhR and Chemical Analysis
3.1.1. Flavonoid Identification in EPhR
3.1.2. Assay of Total Flavonoids
3.1.3. Quantitation of Verbascoside
3.1.4. Total Compounds Content
3.2. Evaluation of the Pharmacological Effects
3.2.1. In Vitro Investigations
3.2.2. In Vivo Experiments with Old Wistar Rats
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | tR, min ± SD | EPhR |
---|---|---|
Flavonoids | ||
Rhamnetin | 43.260 ± 0.18 | - |
Apigenin | 37.830 ± 0.15 | - |
Luteolin | 33.750 ± 0.12 | - |
Naringin | 25.823 ± 0.10 | + |
Saponarin | 21.227 ± 0.11 | - |
Apigenin-7-glucuronide | 28.683 ± 0.13 | - |
Apigenin-7-glucoside | 27.683 ± 0.12 | - |
Luteolin-7-glucuronide | 25.740 ± 0.11 | + |
Luteolin-3′-glucuronide | 28.810 ± 0.10 | + |
Spiraeoside | 28.013 ± 0.13 | - |
Kaempferol-3-glucoside | 27.210 ± 0.14 | - |
Quercetin-3-glucoside | 25.157 ± 0.13 | + |
Vitexin | 23.080 ± 0.12 | - |
Phenylethanoids | ||
Verbascoside | 24.470 ± 0.12 | + |
Group | Hepatocytes’ Viability, % | LDH, µmol/min/106 Cells | GSH, nmol/106 Cells | MDA, nmol/106 Cells |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 86 ± 3.2 | 0.111 ± 0.01 | 20 ± 4.1 | 0.110 ± 0.01 |
5 µg/mL EPhR | 86 ± 3.1 | 0.115 ± 0.01 | 18 ± 4.4 | 0.115 ± 0.01 |
10 µg/mL EPhR | 85 ± 3.5 | 0.117 ± 0.01 | 17 ± 4.5 | 0.116 ± 0.01 |
50 µg/mL EPhR | 83 ± 3.8 | 0.118 ± 0.01 | 17 ± 4.8 | 0.118 ± 0.01 |
5 µg/mL S | 85 ± 3.7 | 0.114 ± 0.01 | 19 ± 4.1 | 0.113 ± 0.01 |
10 µg/mL S | 84 ± 3.5 | 0.115 ± 0.01 | 18 ± 3.9 | 0.114 ± 0.01 |
50 µg/mL S | 83 ± 3.7 | 0.115 ± 0.01 | 18 ± 3.8 | 0.115 ± 0.01 |
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Kondeva-Burdina, M.; Shkondrov, A.; Popov, G.; Manov, V.; Krasteva, I. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of an Extract from the Overground Parts of Phlomis russeliana Lag. ex Benth. Separations 2024, 11, 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11040117
Kondeva-Burdina M, Shkondrov A, Popov G, Manov V, Krasteva I. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of an Extract from the Overground Parts of Phlomis russeliana Lag. ex Benth. Separations. 2024; 11(4):117. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11040117
Chicago/Turabian StyleKondeva-Burdina, Magdalena, Aleksandar Shkondrov, Georgi Popov, Vasil Manov, and Ilina Krasteva. 2024. "Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of an Extract from the Overground Parts of Phlomis russeliana Lag. ex Benth" Separations 11, no. 4: 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11040117