Achievements in Preparation of Cyclodextrin–Based Porous Materials for Removal of Pollutants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Crosslinked β–CD Polymers
Adsorbents | Crosslinking Agents | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Pollutants | Adsorption Capacities (mg/g) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β–CD nanospheres | epichlorohydrin | 1.5 | p–nitrophenol | 17.2 | [33] |
PhAEs–β–CD | phthalic anhydride | 332.1 | basic green 4 | 3288.8 | [38] |
crystal violet | 2407.9 | ||||
astrazon pink FG | 2264.4 | ||||
CA–β–CD | citric acid | 0.8 | bisphenol A | 83.0 | [40] |
methylene blue | 295.2 | ||||
Cu2+ | 585.6 | ||||
polyCTR–β–CD | citric acid | 0.6 | paraquat | 20.8 | [41] |
β–CD polymer | tetrafluorophenonitrile | 270.8 | Pb2+ | 196.4 | [45] |
Cu2+ | 164.4 | ||||
Cd2+ | 136.4 | ||||
CDP | epichlorohydrin | 2.4 | C.I. Basic Blue 3 | 42.4 | [51] |
C.I. Basic Violet 3 | 35.8 | ||||
C.I. Basic Violet 10 | 53.2 | ||||
β–CD–TDI | 2,4–toluene diisocyanate | 2.5 | 2,4–dinitrophenol | 3.9 | [52] |
β–CD–HDI | hexamethylene diisocyanate | 14.0 | 2,4–dinitrophenol | 3.4 | [52] |
CDPU–HCP | 4,4′–diphenylmethane diisocyanate | 1133.1 | bisphenol A | 371.8 | [53] |
BnCD–HCPP | formaldehyde dimethyl acetal | 1225.0 | 4–chlorophenol | 141.4 | [54] |
BnCD–DCX | dichloroxylene | 1209.0 | bisphenol A | 278.0 | [55] |
3. Immobilized β–CD
3.1. Inorganic Support-Immobilized β–CD
3.2. Organic Synthetic Support-Immobilized β–CD
3.3. Natural Polymer Support-Immobilized β–CD
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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α–CD | β–CD | γ–CD | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of glucose units | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Molecular weight (g/mol) | 972.0 | 1135.0 | 1297.0 |
Inside diameter (Å) | 4.7–5.3 | 6.0–6.5 | 7.5–8.3 |
Outside diameter (Å) | 14.6 ± 0.4 | 15.4 ± 0.4 | 17.5 ± 0.4 |
Cavity volume (Å3) | 174.0 | 262.0 | 427.0 |
Adsorbent | Supports | Pollutants | Equilibrium Time | Adsorption Capacities (mg/g) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2–β–CD–NH2 | SiO2 | bisphenol A | 180 min | 107.7 | [62] |
SiO2–β–CD–OH | SiO2 | bisphenol A | 180 min | 112.7 | [62] |
β–CD/rGO–MWCNTs | graphene oxide multiwall carbon nanotubes | naproxen | 24 h | 132.1 | [63] |
MCG | Fe3O4 graphene oxide | p–phenylenediamines | 120 min | 892.9 | [64] |
CDP–MNPs | Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles | bisphenol A | 250 min | 74.6 | [65] |
resorcin | 175 min | 114.9 | |||
β–CD@Si | silica gel | p–nitrophenol | 5 s | 41.5 | [66] |
G–Fe3O4–β–CD | bisphenol A | 240 min | 59.6 | [67] | |
Fe3O4–PEI/β–CD | Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles | methyl orange | 100 min | 192.2 | [68] |
Pb2+ | 200 min | 73.1 | |||
β–CD@AC | activated carbon | naphthalene | 10 s | 178.7 | [69] |
β–CDP | polyvinyl alcohol | methylene blue | 30 min | 105.0 | [70] |
phenol | 200 min | 13.8 | |||
PVA–SS–β–CD | polyvinyl alcohol | methylene blue | 240 min | 261.1 | [71] |
CD@TCT@PEI | polyethyleneimine | hydroquinone | 180 min | 364.9 | [72] |
Pb2+ | 360 min | 113.5 | |||
b–PEI–PEG–β–CD | polyethylenimine | bisphenol A | 1140 min | 60.1 | [73] |
Cu2+ | 1140 min | 50.1 | |||
CDCS–EDTA | chitosan | acid red 73 | 10 min | 754.6 | [74] |
Pb2+ | 20 min | 114.8 | |||
CRCSCD | chitosan | methyl orange | 180 min | 392.0 | [75] |
NTA–β–CD–CS | chitosan | methyl orange | 90 min | 132.5 | [76] |
Hg2+ | 90 min | 178.3 | |||
β–CD grafted cellulose | cellulose beads | bisphenol A | 360 min | 30.8 | [77] |
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Bao, K.; Zhang, A.; Cao, Y.; Xu, L. Achievements in Preparation of Cyclodextrin–Based Porous Materials for Removal of Pollutants. Separations 2024, 11, 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11050143
Bao K, Zhang A, Cao Y, Xu L. Achievements in Preparation of Cyclodextrin–Based Porous Materials for Removal of Pollutants. Separations. 2024; 11(5):143. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11050143
Chicago/Turabian StyleBao, Kaiyue, Anyun Zhang, Yiyao Cao, and Lei Xu. 2024. "Achievements in Preparation of Cyclodextrin–Based Porous Materials for Removal of Pollutants" Separations 11, no. 5: 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11050143