A Low-Cost Approach Using Diatomaceous Earth Biosorbent as Alternative SPME Coating for the Determination of PAHs in Water Samples by GC-MS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Materials
2.2. Instrumental and Chromatographic Conditions
2.3. Preparation of Diatomaceous Earth Fibers
2.4. Optimization of SPME Procedure
2.5. Comparison of the Extraction Efficiencies Using Diatomaceous Earth and Commercial Fibers
2.6. Analytical Figures of Merit of the Method Developed
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the Diatomaceous Fiber
3.2. Optimization of DI-SPME Extraction Procedure
3.3. Comparison between the Extraction Efficiencies of the Biosorbent and Commercial Coatings
3.4. Validation Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Analytes | m/z |
---|---|
acenaphthylene | 152, 153, 151 |
fluorene | 166, 165, 167 |
phenanthrene | 178, 176, 179 |
anthracene | 178, 179, 176 |
pyrene | 202, 203, 200 |
benzo[a]anthracene | 228, 226, 229 |
chrysene | 228, 226, 229 |
benzo[b]fluoranthene | 252, 250, 126 |
benzo[k]fluoranthene | 252, 250, 126 |
benzo[a]pyrene | 252, 250, 126 |
Analyte | LOD (µg L−1) | LOQ (µg L−1) | Linear Range (µg L−1) | Linear Equation | R |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acenaphthylene | 0.16 | 0.49 | 0.49–25 | y = 66,956x – 30,445 | 0.9890 |
Fluorene | 0.17 | 0.50 | 0.50–25 | y = 87,809x – 54,517 | 0.9911 |
Phenanthrene | 0.14 | 0.42 | 0.42–25 | y = 326,565x – 245,240 | 0.9777 |
Anthracene | 0.11 | 0.33 | 0.33–25 | y = 364,057x – 339,574 | 0.9598 |
Pyrene | 0.15 | 0.50 | 0.50–25 | y = 979,497x – 935,649 | 0.9914 |
benzo[a]anthracene | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.10–25 | y = 506,040x – 544,597 | 0.9832 |
Chrysene | 0.14 | 0.42 | 0.42–25 | y = 691,902x – 796,526 | 0.9592 |
benzo[b]fluoranthene | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.17–25 | y = 158,587x – 50,481 | 0.9990 |
benzo[k]fluoranthene | 0.11 | 0.33 | 0.33–25 | y = 431,634x – 806,517 | 0.9848 |
benzo[a]pyrene | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.46–25 | y = 295,450x – 567,387 | 0.9667 |
Analyte | Spiked Concentration (µg L−1) | Relative Recovery (%) (n = 3) | RSD, Intra-Day (%) (n = 3) | RSD, Inter-Day (%) (n = 3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
acenaphthylene | 0.5 | 100 | 5 | 10 |
fluorene | 0.5 | 83 | 15 | 10 |
phenanthrene | 0.5 | 97 | 10 | 13 |
anthracene | 0.5 | 93 | 13 | 3 |
pyrene | 0.5 | 92 | 2 | 6 |
benzo[a]anthracene | 0.5 | 94 | 2 | 6 |
chrysene | 0.5 | 96 | 2 | 6 |
benzo[b]fluoranthene | 0.5 | 90 | 15 | 17 |
benzo[k]fluoranthene | 0.5 | 97 | 15 | 17 |
benzo[a]pyrene | 0.5 | 93 | 7 | 17 |
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Reinert, N.P.; Vieira, C.M.S.; Da Silveira, C.B.; Budziak, D.; Carasek, E. A Low-Cost Approach Using Diatomaceous Earth Biosorbent as Alternative SPME Coating for the Determination of PAHs in Water Samples by GC-MS. Separations 2018, 5, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5040055
Reinert NP, Vieira CMS, Da Silveira CB, Budziak D, Carasek E. A Low-Cost Approach Using Diatomaceous Earth Biosorbent as Alternative SPME Coating for the Determination of PAHs in Water Samples by GC-MS. Separations. 2018; 5(4):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5040055
Chicago/Turabian StyleReinert, Naysla Paulo, Camila M. S. Vieira, Cristian Berto Da Silveira, Dilma Budziak, and Eduardo Carasek. 2018. "A Low-Cost Approach Using Diatomaceous Earth Biosorbent as Alternative SPME Coating for the Determination of PAHs in Water Samples by GC-MS" Separations 5, no. 4: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5040055