Retention Behaviour of Alkylated and Non-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Different Types of Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GC Column | Stationary Phase | Dimensions | Max. temp. (Isotherm/Programmed) °C |
---|---|---|---|
VDB-5ms | Phenyl Arylene polymer, virtually equivalent to 5%-phenyl-methylpolysiloxane | 30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 µm | 300/320 °C |
SLB PAHms (Supelco) | Denoted as 50% phenyl dimethylpolysiloxane | 30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 µm | 350/360 °C |
SLB®-ILPAH (Supelco) | Non-bonded, 1,12-Di(tripropylphosphonium) dodecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide | 20 m × 0.18 mm ID × 0.05 µm | 300/300 °C |
Code | DB-5ms | RT | RRT | Code | SLB PAHms | RT | RRT | Code | SLB-ILPAH | RT | RRT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Naphthalene | 13.20 | 0.353 | N | Naphthalene | 16.12 | 0.379 | N | Naphthalene | 5.86 | 0.188 |
N2 | 2-Methylnaphthalene | 17.65 | 0.472 | N2 | 2-Methylnaphthalene | 20.03 | 0.471 | N2 | 2-Methylnaphthalene | 9.13 | 0.292 |
N1 | 1-Methylnaphthalene | 18.19 | 0.486 | N1 | 1-Methylnaphthalene | 20.82 | 0.489 | N1 | 1-Methylnaphthalene | 9.33 | 0.299 |
N2,6 | 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | 21.25 | 0.568 | N2,6 | 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | 23.31 | 0.548 | N2,7 | 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene | 12.07 | 0.386 |
N2,7 | 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene | 21.31 | 0.570 | N2,7 | 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene | 23.35 | 0.549 | N2,6 | 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | 12.11 | 0.388 |
N1,3 | 1,3-Dimethylnaphthalene | 21.66 | 0.579 | N1,3 | 1,3-Dimethylnaphthalene | 24.04 | 0.565 | N1,3 | 1,3-Dimethylnaphthalene | 12.14 | 0.389 |
N1,6 | 1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | 21.78 | 0.583 | N1,6 | 1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | 24.05 | 0.565 | N1,6 | 1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | 12.21 | 0.391 |
N1,4 | 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene | 22.22 | 0.594 | N1,4 | 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene | 24.73 | 0.581 | N1,4 | 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene | 12.21 | 0.391 |
N1,5 | 1,5-Dimethylnaphthalene | 22.31 | 0.597 | N1,5 | 1,5-Dimethylnaphthalene | 24.87 | 0.584 | N1,5 | 1,5-Dimethylnaphthalene | 12.34 | 0.395 |
Al | Acenaphthylene | 22.53 | 0.603 | N1,2 | 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene | 25.26 | 0.593 | N1,2 | 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene | 13.23 | 0.424 |
N1,2 | 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene | 22.65 | 0.606 | Al | Acenaphthylene | 25.96 | 0.610 | N1,8 | 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene | 13.72 | 0.439 |
N1,8 | 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene | 23.25 | 0.622 | N1,8 | 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene | 26.17 | 0.615 | At | Acenaphthene | 13.72 | 0.439 |
At | Acenaphthene | 23.48 | 0.628 | At | Acenaphthene | 26.66 | 0.626 | N1,6,7 | 1,6,7-Trimethylnaphthalane | 15.83 | 0.507 |
N1,6,7 | 1,6,7-Trimethylnaphthalane | 25.59 | 0.684 | N1,6,7 | 1,6,7-Trimethylnaphthalane | 27.82 | 0.654 | Al | Acenaphthylene | 15.88 | 0.508 |
Fl | Fluorene | 26.13 | 0.699 | Fl | Fluorene | 29.38 | 0.690 | Fl | Fluorene | 17.29 | 0.554 |
Ph | Phenanthrene | 30.75 | 0.822 | Ph | Phenanthrene | 34.88 | 0.819 | Ph | Phenanthrene | 23.84 | 0.763 |
A | Anthracene | 30.99 | 0.829 | A | Anthracene | 35.10 | 0.825 | A | Anthracene | 23.98 | 0.768 |
Ph2 | 2-Methylphenanthrene | 33.25 | 0.889 | Ph2 | 2-Methylphenanthrene | 37.22 | 0.874 | 45MP | 4,5-Methylenephenanthrene | 25.49 | 0.816 |
An2 | 2-Methylanthracene | 33.47 | 0.895 | An2 | 2-Methylanthracene | 37.38 | 0.878 | Ph2 | 2-Methylphenanthrene | 25.89 | 0.829 |
45MP | 4,5-Methylenephenanthrene | 33.55 | 0.897 | An1 | 1-Methylanthracene | 37.64 | 0.884 | An1 | 1-Methylanthracene | 25.93 | 0.830 |
An1 | 1-Methylanthracene | 33.68 | 0.901 | Ph1 | 1-Methylphenanthrene | 37.90 | 0.890 | An2 | 2-Methylanthracene | 26.03 | 0.833 |
Ph1 | 1-Methylphenanthrene | 33.73 | 0.902 | 45MP | 4,5-Methylenephenanthrene | 37.92 | 0.891 | Ph1 | 1-Methylphenanthrene | 26.15 | 0.837 |
An9 | 9-Methylanthracene | 34.40 | 0.920 | An9 | 9-Methylanthracene | 38.84 | 0.912 | An9 | 9-Methylanthracene | 26.58 | 0.851 |
Ph3,6 | 3,6-Dimethylphenanthrene | 35.36 | 0.946 | Ph3,6 | 3,6-Dimethylphenanthrene | 38.87 | 0.913 | Ph3,6 | 3,6-Dimethylphenanthrene | 27.72 | 0.888 |
Fa | Fluoranthene | 36.39 | 0.973 | An2,3 | 2,3-Dimethylanthracene | 40.64 | 0.955 | Ph9,10 | 9,10-Dimethylanthracene | 28.90 | 0.925 |
An2,3 | 2,3-Dimethylanthracene | 36.63 | 0.980 | Fa | Fluoranthene | 41.16 | 0.967 | An2,3 | 2,3-Dimethylanthracene | 29.10 | 0.932 |
Py | Pyrene | 37.39 | 1.000 | An9,10 | 9,10-Dimethylanthracene | 42.36 | 0.995 | Fa | Fluoranthene | 30.42 | 0.974 |
An9,10 | 9,10-Dimethylanthracene | 37.63 | 1.006 | Py | Pyrene | 42.57 | 1.000 | Py | Pyrene | 31.23 | 1.000 |
Fa2 | 2-Methylfluoranthene | 38.58 | 1.032 | Fa2 | 2-Methylfluoranthene | 43.11 | 1.013 | Fl2 | 2-Methylfluoranthene | 32.29 | 1.034 |
Py1 | 1-Methylpyrene | 40.07 | 1.072 | Py1 | 1-Methylpyrene | 45.25 | 1.063 | Bc1 | 1-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 33.37 | 1.069 |
Bc1 | 1-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 42.36 | 1.133 | Bc1 | 1-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 47.71 | 1.121 | Py1 | 1-Methylpyrene | 33.43 | 1.070 |
Ba | Benz(a)anthracene | 43.12 | 1.153 | Bc2 | 2-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 48.63 | 1.142 | Bc2 | 2-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 35.98 | 1.152 |
T | Triphenylene | 43.22 | 1.156 | Ba | Benz(a)anthracene | 48.68 | 1.144 | Bc1,12 | 1,12-Dimethylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 36.46 | 1.168 |
C | Chrysene | 43.27 | 1.157 | T | Triphenylene | 49.00 | 1.151 | Bc4 | 4-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 36.72 | 1.176 |
Bc2 | 2-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 43.49 | 1.163 | C | Chrysene | 49.07 | 1.153 | Bc3 | 3-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 36.77 | 1.178 |
23BA | 2,3-Benzanthracene | 43.72 | 1.169 | Bc3 | 3-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 49.42 | 1.161 | Bc5 | 5-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 36.82 | 1.179 |
Bc3 | 3-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 44.11 | 1.180 | 23BA | 2,3-Benzanthracene | 49.51 | 1.163 | Ba | Benz(a)anthracene | 37.29 | 1.194 |
Bc5 | 5-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 44.39 | 1.187 | Bc5 | 5-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 49.90 | 1.172 | C | Chrysene | 37.43 | 1.199 |
Bc4 | 4-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 44.45 | 1.189 | Bc4 | 4-Methylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 49.98 | 1.174 | T | Triphenylene | 37.56 | 1.203 |
Ba2 | 2-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 44.92 | 1.201 | Ba2 | 2-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.13 | 1.178 | 23Ba | 2,3-Benzanthracene | 37.85 | 1.212 |
Ba1 | 1-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 44.92 | 1.201 | Ba7 | 7-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.39 | 1.184 | Ba1 | 1-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 37.85 | 1.212 |
Ba7 | 7-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 45.08 | 1.206 | Ba9 | 9-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.47 | 1.186 | C5 | 5-Methylchrysene | 38.41 | 1.230 |
Ba9 | 9-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 45.08 | 1.206 | Ba1 | 1-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.52 | 1.187 | C4 | 4-Methylchrysene | 38.51 | 1.234 |
Ba6 | 6-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 45.16 | 1.208 | Ba6 | 4-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.52 | 1.187 | Ba6 | 6-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 38.70 | 1.240 |
Ba4 | 4-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 45.16 | 1.208 | Ba4 | 6-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.52 | 1.187 | Ba4 | 4-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 38.70 | 1.240 |
C5 | 5-Methylchrysene | 45.33 | 1.212 | Ba3 | 3-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.96 | 1.197 | Ba2 | 2-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 38.76 | 1.242 |
C6 | 6-Methylchrysene | 45.42 | 1.215 | Ba5 | 5-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 50.96 | 1.197 | Ba9 | 9-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 38.85 | 1.244 |
Ba3 | 3-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 45.42 | 1.215 | C6 | 6-Methylchrysene | 51.03 | 1.199 | Ba7 | 7-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 38.91 | 1.246 |
C4 | 4-Methylchrysene | 45.42 | 1.215 | C5 | 5-Methylchrysene | 51.12 | 1.201 | C6 | 6-Methylchrysene | 39.13 | 1.253 |
Ba5 | 5-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 45.42 | 1.215 | C4 | 4-Methylchrysene | 51.25 | 1.204 | Ba3 | 3-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 39.13 | 1.253 |
Bc1,12 | 1,12-Dimethylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 45.49 | 1.217 | Ba6,8 | 6,8-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 51.26 | 1.204 | Ba5 | 5-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 39.13 | 1.253 |
Ba10 | 10-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 45.95 | 1.229 | Ba10 | 10-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 51.73 | 1.215 | Ba10 | 10-Methylbenz(a)anthracene | 39.45 | 1.264 |
Ba6,8 | 6,8-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 46.74 | 1.250 | Bc1,12 | 1,12-Dimethylbenzo(c)phenanthrene | 51.91 | 1.219 | Ba6,8 | 6,8-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 39.61 | 1.269 |
Ba3,9 | 3,9-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 46.93 | 1.255 | Ba3,9 | 3,9-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 52.17 | 1.226 | Ba7,12 | 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 39.71 | 1.272 |
BbF | Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 47.82 | 1.279 | Ba7,12 | 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 53.98 | 1.268 | Ba3,9 | 3,9-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 40.37 | 1.293 |
Ba7,12 | 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 47.88 | 1.281 | BbF | Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 54.02 | 1.269 | Ba8,9,11 | 8,9,11-Trimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 41.40 | 1.326 |
BkF | Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 47.94 | 1.282 | BkF | Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 54.12 | 1.271 | BbF | Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 42.86 | 1.373 |
BeP | Benzo(e)pyrene | 48.88 | 1.307 | Ba8,9,11 | 8,9,11-Trimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 54.30 | 1.276 | BkF | Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 43.02 | 1.378 |
Ba8,9,11 | 8,9,11-Trimethylbenz(a)anthracene | 49.03 | 1.311 | BeP | Benzo(e)pyrene | 55.61 | 1.306 | BeP | Benzo(e)pyrene | 44.04 | 1.411 |
BaP | Benzo(a)pyrene | 49.08 | 1.313 | BaP | Benzo(a)pyrene | 55.86 | 1.312 | BaP | Benzo(a)pyrene | 44.08 | 1.412 |
BaP9 | 9-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 50.71 | 1.356 | BaP9 | 9-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 57.19 | 1.343 | BaP10 | 10-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 45.24 | 1.449 |
BaP8 | 8-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 50.84 | 1.360 | BaP8 | 8-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 57.39 | 1.348 | BaP9 | 9-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 45.49 | 1.457 |
BaP7 | 7-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 51.07 | 1.366 | BaP7 | 7-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 57.71 | 1.356 | BaP8 | 7-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 45.49 | 1.457 |
BaP10 | 10-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 51.12 | 1.367 | BaP10 | 10-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 57.94 | 1.361 | BaP7 | 8-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene | 45.49 | 1.457 |
BaP7,10 | 7,10-Dimethylbenzo(a)pyrene | 52.93 | 1.416 | BaP7,10 | 7,10-Dimethylbenzo(a)pyrene | 59.77 | 1.404 | BaP7,10 | 7,10-Dimethylbenzo(a)pyrene | 46.27 | 1.482 |
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene | 53.26 | 1.424 | Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene | 60.86 | 1.430 | Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 48.68 | 1.559 | |||
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 53.44 | 1.429 | Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 60.94 | 1.432 | Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene | 49.02 | 1.570 | |||
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 54.26 | 1.451 | Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 62.89 | 1.477 | Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 50.01 | 1.602 |
GC Columns | Phenyl Arylene | 50% Phenyl Polysiloxane | SLB-ILPAH |
---|---|---|---|
Overlap > 90% | 12 peaks | 11 peaks | 19 peaks |
90% > overlap > 50% | 7 peaks | 2 peaks | 3 peaks |
Overlap < 50% | 4 peaks | 4 peaks | 1 peak |
Peak shape | Good | Good | Good |
Analysis time | Long | Long | Shorter than on the other two columns |
Bleeding | Substantial bleeding above 260 °C | No bleeding till 300 °C | No bleeding till 300 °C |
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Skoczyńska, E.; de Boer, J. Retention Behaviour of Alkylated and Non-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Different Types of Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography. Separations 2019, 6, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations6010007
Skoczyńska E, de Boer J. Retention Behaviour of Alkylated and Non-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Different Types of Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography. Separations. 2019; 6(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations6010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkoczyńska, Ewa, and Jacob de Boer. 2019. "Retention Behaviour of Alkylated and Non-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Different Types of Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography" Separations 6, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations6010007