Total Iodine Quantification and In Vitro Bioavailability Study in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Equipment
2.2. Samples
2.3. Sample Pretreatment Methods
2.4. Validation Methods
2.5. Iodine Determination
2.6. Recovery Test
2.7. In Vitro Bioavailability Study Procedure
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization of ICP-MS Condition
3.2. Method Validation
3.2.1. Linearity
3.2.2. Limit of Determination
3.2.3. Accuracy
3.2.4. Precision
3.3. Iodine Determination in Abalone
3.4. Recovery
3.5. In Vitro Bioavailability Study
3.5.1. Preliminary Studies
3.5.2. Mass Balance Study
3.5.3. Digestion and Absorption Efficiencies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ICP-MS Parameters | |
---|---|
Operating conditions | |
RF power | 1550 W |
RF matching | 1.8 V |
Sample depth | 8.0 mm |
Carrier gas | |
Argon (Ar) | 1.1 L min−1 |
Helium (He) | 4.3 mL min−1 |
Nebulizer pump | 0.10 rps |
S/C temp. | 2.0 °C |
Sample cone | Nickel, 1.0 mm orifice |
Skimmer cone | Nickel, 0.75 mm orifice |
Sample load time | |
Uptake | 30 s |
Stabilize | 40 s |
Wash out | Ultrapure water for 40 s 1.0% TMAH for 40 s |
Acquisition parameters | |
Monitored signals | m/z 127 (127I), m/z 125 (125Te) |
Integration time/mass | 0.09 s (127I), 0.09 s (125Te) |
Repetitions | 3 |
Linearity | Range (µg/L) | Iodine Concentration Levels (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 100) | |
---|---|---|---|
Limit of determination (n = 10) | ES (3) | MAE (4) | |
LOD (1) (ng/g) | 0.11 | 0.11 | |
LOQ (2) (ng/g) | - | 5.4 | |
Accuracy (n = 7) | ERM—BB422 (fish muscle) | ||
ES | MAE | ||
Certified values (mg/kg) | 1.4 ± 0.42 | ||
Found values (mg/kg) | 1.5 ± 0.10 | 1.6 ± 0.066 | |
Precision (n = 7) | Parameters | ERM—BB422 (fish muscle) | |
ES | MAE | ||
RSDr (%) | 6.7 | 4.0 | |
pRSDR (%) | 15.0 | 14.8 | |
HorRat | 0.45 | 0.27 |
Pretreatment Method | Sample | Concentration (µg/g) |
ES (1) | AV (3) | 74 ± 2.2 |
AM (4) | 17 ± 0.77 | |
MAE (2) | AV | 76 ± 1.0 |
AM | 17 ± 0.51 |
Sample | Recovery (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
ES (3) | MAE (4) | ||
Low spike solution (5 µg/L) | Fish muscle (ERM—BB422) | 102.4 ± 2.2 | 106.0 ± 1.8 |
AV (1) | 99.2 ± 3.6 | 99.9 ± 3.0 | |
AM (2) | 104.0 ± 5.0 | 101.2 ± 5.7 | |
High spike solution (10 µg/L) | Fish muscle (ERM—BB422) | 94.5 ± 3.8 | 100.1 ± 1.9 |
AV | 98.3 ± 2.4 | 97.5 ± 2.3 | |
AM | 101.2 ± 3.7 | 97.6 ± 3.5 |
Samples | Initial pH | Final pH | |
---|---|---|---|
Dialysate pH | Residual Fraction pH | ||
Method Blank | 7.50 | 7.7 ± 0.09 | 8.0 ± 0.22 |
AV (1) | 7.50 | 7.2 ± 0.04 | 6.8 ± 0.09 |
AM (2) | 7.50 | 7.3 ± 0.03 | 6.9 ± 0.03 |
Linearity | Dialysate | Residual Fraction | |
---|---|---|---|
Limit of determination (mg/kg) | LOD (1) | 0.87 | 0.21 |
LOQ (2) | 14 | 31 |
Dialysate | Residual Fraction | Sum | Total Concentration | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ES (3) | MAE (4) | ||||
AV (1) | 13 ± 1.5 | 20.4 ± 0.68 | 34 ± 1.7 | 74 ± 2.2 | 76 ± 1.0 |
AM (2) | 9.1 ± 3.4 | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 15 ± 2.9 | 17 ± 0.77 | 17 ± 0.51 |
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Doh, H.; Lee, M.H. Total Iodine Quantification and In Vitro Bioavailability Study in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2024, 13, 1400. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091400
Doh H, Lee MH. Total Iodine Quantification and In Vitro Bioavailability Study in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Foods. 2024; 13(9):1400. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091400
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoh, Hansol, and Min Hyeock Lee. 2024. "Total Iodine Quantification and In Vitro Bioavailability Study in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry" Foods 13, no. 9: 1400. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091400