Investigation of How Corneal Densitometry Artefacts Affect the Imaging of Normal and Keratoconic Corneas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subject Data Collection and Processing
2.2. Measurement of Corneal Densitometry
2.3. Processing Corneal Densitometry Measurements
2.4. KC Cone Centre Location and Boundary Analyses
3. Statistical Analyses
4. Results
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CSV | Comma-separated values file |
IOP | Intraocular pressure |
KC | Keratoconic |
N | Normal |
NaN | Not a number |
NGSU | Normalised grey-scale unit |
NRSD | Normalised radial summation of densitometry |
RGP | Rigid gas-permeable |
STD | Standard deviation |
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Clinical Classification | Normal (N) | Keratoconic (KC) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum corneal thickness (µm) | 550 ± 33 | 492:660 | 466 ± 39 | 307:568 |
Flat radius of curvature in the central 3 mm zone K1 (D) | 42.6 ± 1.4 | 39.4:46.6 | 44.7 ± 3.1 | 36.7:55.3 |
Steep radius of curvature in the central 3 mm zone K2 (D) | 43.8 ± 1.5 | 40.3:47.9 | 48.4 ± 3.7 | 41.8:59.4 |
Topographical KC classification TKC (level) | NA | NA | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1:3.5 |
Index of Bad D (D/mm)—less than 1.5 is normal [20] | 0.4 ± 0.5 | −0.9:1.4 | 7.0 ± 3.3 | 1.5:20.8 |
Right Eye Angles (°) | Left Eye Angles (°) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
r (mm) | N | KC | N | KC |
0.5 | 69 | 74 | 45 | 84 |
1.0 | 59 | 60 | 69 | 68 |
1.5 | 63 | 63 | 66 | 62 |
2.0 | 61 | 62 | 67 | 64 |
2.5 | 62 | 62 | 67 | 65 |
3.0 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 64 |
3.5 | 65 | 64 | 62 | 64 |
4.0 | 66 | 65 | 63 | 64 |
4.5 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 64 |
5.0 | 66 | 66 | 64 | 65 |
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Alanazi, R.; Esporcatte, L.P.G.; White, L.; Salomão, M.Q.; Lopes, B.T.; Ambrósio Jr., R.; Abass, A. Investigation of How Corneal Densitometry Artefacts Affect the Imaging of Normal and Keratoconic Corneas. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11020148
Alanazi R, Esporcatte LPG, White L, Salomão MQ, Lopes BT, Ambrósio Jr. R, Abass A. Investigation of How Corneal Densitometry Artefacts Affect the Imaging of Normal and Keratoconic Corneas. Bioengineering. 2024; 11(2):148. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11020148
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlanazi, Rami, Louise Pellegrino Gomes Esporcatte, Lynn White, Marcella Q. Salomão, Bernardo T. Lopes, Renato Ambrósio Jr., and Ahmed Abass. 2024. "Investigation of How Corneal Densitometry Artefacts Affect the Imaging of Normal and Keratoconic Corneas" Bioengineering 11, no. 2: 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11020148