Ecological and Functional Traits in 99 Bird Species over a Large-Scale Gradient in Germany
Abstract
:Abstract
Dataset
Dataset license
1. Background
2. Data Description
3. Data
4. Metadata
5. Methods
- (1)
- The Schwäbische Alb is located in southwest Germany (centroid about 48.41 North, 9.41 East).
- (2)
- The Hainich-Dün area is located roughly in the center of Germany in-between Schwäbische Alb and Schorfheide-Chorin (centroid about 51.15 North, 10.38 East).
- (3)
- The Schorfheide-Chorin in northeast Germany (centroid about 52.98 North, 13.76 East).
6. Capturing of Birds
7. Handling Birds and Permits
8. Measuring Birds
9. Statistical Analysis
10. Data Amendments
11. Bird Species Included
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A.
Species | Fat Score | Muscle Score | Body Mass | Bill Height | Bill Length | Tarsus | Wing | p3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegithalos caudatus | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Certhia familiaris | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.34 | 0.07 | 0.49 | 0.73 | 0.28 | 0.47 |
Coccothraustes coccothraustes | 0.51 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.49 | 0.14 |
Cyanistes caeruleus | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.52 | 0.15 | 0.94 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.33 |
Dendrocopos major | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 0.21 | 0.61 | 1.00 |
Dendrocopos medius | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Erithacus rubecula | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.89 |
Ficedula hypoleuca | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Fringilla coelebs | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
Muscicapa striata | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Parus cristatus | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Parus major | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.85 |
Parus montanus | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.72 | 0.91 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.67 |
Parus palustris | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.69 | 0.43 |
Periparus ater | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.97 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.63 | 0.43 | 0.90 |
Phoenicurus phoenicurus | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Phylloscopus collybita | 0.79 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.76 |
Phylloscopus sibilatrix | 0.48 | 1.00 | n/a | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.35 | 0.39 |
Phylloscopus trochilus | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.75 | 0.26 | 0.12 |
Prunella modularis | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.46 |
Pyrrhula pyrrhula | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
Sitta europaea | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.58 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.89 |
Sturnus vulgaris | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Sylvia atricapilla | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
Troglodytes troglodytes | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Turdus merula | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.09 |
Turdus philomelos | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.56 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
Turdus viscivorus | 0.79 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.09 |
Species | Fat | Muscle Score | Body Mass | Bill Height | Bill Length | Tarsus | Wing | p3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegithalos caudatus | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Certhia familiaris | 0.51 | 0.69 | 0.03 | 0.66 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.22 |
Coccothraustes coccothraustes | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 0.72 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.60 | 0.83 |
Cyanistes caeruleus | 0.90 | 0.58 | 0.84 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.75 | 0.55 | 0.39 |
Dendrocopos major | 0.93 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.83 | 0.39 | 0.85 | 0.27 |
Dendrocopos medius | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Erithacus rubecula | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.63 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
Ficedula hypoleuca | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Fringilla coelebs | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.82 | 0.99 |
Muscicapa striata | n/a | n/a | 0.46 | 0.73 | 0.12 | 0.51 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
Parus cristatus | 0.16 | n/a | 0.18 | 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.30 | 0.73 | 0.82 |
Parus major | 0.44 | 0.88 | 0.66 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.07 |
Parus montanus | 0.26 | 0.55 | 0.86 | 0.73 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.60 | 0.26 |
Parus palustris | 0.73 | 0.12 | 0.46 | 0.65 | 0.24 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.73 |
Periparus ater | 0.56 | 0.18 | 0.44 | 0.76 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.28 | 0.13 |
Phoenicurus phoenicurus | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Phylloscopus collybita | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.93 | 0.09 | 0.70 | 0.54 | 0.18 | 0.57 |
Phylloscopus sibilatrix | 0.48 | 1.00 | n/a | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.35 | 0.39 |
Phylloscopus trochilus | 0.44 | 0.48 | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.83 | 0.87 |
Prunella modularis | 0.20 | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.72 | 0.19 | 0.84 | 0.60 | 0.32 |
Pyrrhula pyrrhula | 0.29 | 0.90 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.76 | 0.18 |
Sitta europaea | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.87 | 0.24 | 0.14 |
Sturnus vulgaris | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Sylvia atricapilla | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Troglodytes troglodytes | 0.98 | 0.48 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.97 | 0.62 |
Turdus merula | 0.23 | 0.69 | 0.84 | 0.26 | 0.84 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Turdus philomelos | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.95 | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.13 | 0.66 | 0.56 |
Turdus viscivorus | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.49 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.60 |
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Species | Total N | Fat score (Mean) | Muscle Score (Mean) | Body Mass Mean | ± SD | Bill Height Mean | ± SD | Min | Max | Bill Width Mean | ± SD | Min | >Max | Bill Height Mean | ± SD | Min | Max | Tarsus Mean | ± SD | >Min | Max | Wing Mean | ± SD | Min | Max | P3 Mean | ± SD | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegithalos caudatus | 3 | 1.00 | 2.50 | 7.35 | 0.49 | 3.27 | 0.20 | 3.13 | 3.41 | 3.20 | 0.25 | 3.02 | 3.38 | 5.92 | 0.21 | 5.77 | 6.07 | 17.73 | 0.90 | 17.09 | 18.37 | 63.13 | 2.65 | 61.25 | 65.00 | 47.00 | 2.12 | 45.50 | 48.50 |
Certhia familiaris | 45 | 1.73 | 3.14 | 9.32 | 3.44 | 3.01 | 0.51 | 2.44 | 4.90 | 3.03 | 0.75 | 2.36 | 5.57 | 12.69 | 2.11 | 9.70 | 18.72 | 15.10 | 2.85 | 7.58 | 21.21 | 62.53 | 12.33 | 32.75 | 89.00 | 48.31 | 7.60 | 24.50 | 65.50 |
Coccothraustes coccothraustes | 12 | 1.90 | 1.70 | 53.73 | 4.37 | 15.59 | 0.82 | 14.60 | 17.00 | 13.78 | 0.73 | 12.72 | 14.72 | 18.94 | 0.78 | 17.66 | 20.32 | 21.83 | 0.56 | 20.85 | 22.75 | 102.68 | 17.74 | 54.50 | 118.00 | 74.75 | 11.98 | 41.00 | 81.25 |
Cyanistes caeruleus | 106 | 2.03 | 2.82 | 11.00 | 0.65 | 4.28 | 0.26 | 3.36 | 4.88 | 3.98 | 0.51 | 2.48 | 5.00 | 7.80 | 0.51 | 6.67 | 8.89 | 16.77 | 0.61 | 15.43 | 18.09 | 67.84 | 2.31 | 62.25 | 77.50 | 51.17 | 3.44 | 26.50 | 56.75 |
Dendrocopos major | 26 | 1.85 | 1.86 | 84.56 | 16.71 | 8.69 | 0.55 | 7.66 | 9.41 | 9.54 | 1.03 | 7.58 | 11.16 | 26.42 | 1.91 | 23.19 | 29.24 | 22.80 | 4.43 | 12.24 | 25.64 | 122.17 | 31.61 | 69.50 | 142.50 | 92.42 | 22.94 | 51.25 | 107.00 |
Dendrocopos medius | 2 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 54.50 | n/a | 6.08 | n/a | 6.08 | 6.08 | 7.65 | n/a | 7.65 | 7.65 | 19.02 | n/a | 19.02 | 19.02 | 21.05 | n/a | 21.05 | 21.05 | 124.50 | n/a | 124.50 | 124.50 | 94.50 | n/a | 94.50 | 94.50 |
Erithacus rubecula | 380 | 1.65 | 2.52 | 16.39 | 1.30 | 3.62 | 0.25 | 2.84 | 4.74 | 4.45 | 0.36 | 3.24 | 5.94 | 9.96 | 0.81 | 6.53 | 12.11 | 25.25 | 1.19 | 12.92 | 26.93 | 73.05 | 5.30 | 34.50 | 78.50 | 53.60 | 4.99 | 26.75 | 74.75 |
Ficedula hypoleuca | 2 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 11.75 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.00 | 0.00 | n/a | n/a | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.74 | n/a | 7.74 | 7.74 | 8.44 | n/a | 8.44 | 8.44 | n/a | n/a | 0.00 | 0.00 | n/a | n/a | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Fringilla coelebs | 210 | 1.64 | 1.91 | 21.97 | 1.28 | 7.02 | 0.41 | 5.61 | 8.25 | 6.37 | 0.44 | 4.92 | 8.04 | 11.92 | 0.75 | 9.30 | 13.77 | 18.24 | 0.86 | 9.81 | 22.06 | 86.71 | 10.99 | 42.75 | 96.50 | 66.16 | 8.22 | 32.25 | 73.75 |
Muscicapa striata | 6 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 15.22 | 1.83 | 3.90 | 0.27 | 3.59 | 4.34 | 5.80 | 0.59 | 5.05 | 6.36 | 10.93 | 0.61 | 10.02 | 11.80 | 13.92 | 2.76 | 8.32 | 15.48 | 83.21 | 18.89 | 45.00 | 94.00 | 62.58 | 13.86 | 34.50 | 70.50 |
Parus cristatus | 4 | 1.33 | 2.00 | 10.90 | 0.36 | 3.49 | 0.10 | 3.41 | 3.61 | 3.57 | 0.51 | 3.00 | 3.97 | 8.13 | 0.67 | 7.36 | 8.61 | 18.71 | 0.22 | 18.49 | 18.93 | 66.17 | 1.23 | 64.75 | 67.00 | 50.17 | 1.04 | 49.00 | 51.00 |
Parus major | 329 | 1.89 | 2.49 | 17.36 | 1.26 | 4.46 | 0.29 | 3.70 | 6.25 | 4.78 | 0.53 | 3.25 | 5.98 | 10.21 | 0.69 | 7.61 | 13.39 | 19.91 | 0.94 | 9.34 | 26.30 | 76.11 | 5.74 | 36.50 | 82.00 | 57.01 | 3.97 | 27.25 | 62.00 |
Parus montanus | 17 | 1.93 | 2.93 | 11.04 | 0.68 | 34.23 | 113.05 | 3.57 | 427.00 | 4.57 | 0.46 | 3.67 | 5.50 | 8.88 | 0.73 | 7.79 | 10.41 | 15.62 | 2.92 | 8.38 | 17.38 | 61.92 | 11.77 | 33.00 | 69.00 | 46.05 | 8.61 | 24.75 | 50.75 |
Parus palustris | 34 | 1.84 | 2.78 | 11.09 | 0.40 | 4.10 | 0.20 | 3.63 | 4.50 | 4.33 | 0.38 | 3.67 | 5.15 | 8.82 | 0.53 | 6.97 | 9.67 | 16.58 | 0.33 | 15.54 | 17.20 | 64.42 | 6.45 | 31.50 | 69.50 | 48.17 | 4.42 | 25.50 | 52.00 |
Periparus ater | 33 | 1.58 | 2.67 | 9.67 | 1.32 | 3.52 | 0.19 | 3.12 | 4.05 | 3.90 | 0.44 | 2.56 | 4.74 | 9.05 | 0.45 | 7.61 | 10.34 | 16.64 | 0.67 | 13.97 | 17.84 | 63.84 | 2.17 | 58.75 | 67.50 | 48.13 | 1.68 | 44.25 | 51.00 |
Phoenicurus phoenicurus | 1 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 15.40 | n/a | 3.90 | n/a | 3.90 | 3.90 | 4.97 | n/a | 4.97 | 4.97 | 10.40 | n/a | 10.40 | 10.40 | 20.09 | n/a | 20.09 | 20.09 | 82.00 | n/a | 82.00 | 82.00 | 62.25 | n/a | 62.25 | 62.25 |
Phylloscopus collybita | 13 | 1.31 | 2.85 | 7.86 | 0.60 | 2.73 | 0.34 | 2.41 | 3.59 | 3.58 | 0.31 | 2.95 | 4.23 | 8.49 | 0.55 | 7.42 | 9.60 | 19.67 | 0.75 | 18.51 | 21.52 | 58.04 | 9.32 | 30.00 | 68.00 | 45.46 | 2.89 | 40.75 | 51.25 |
Phylloscopus sibilatrix | 3 | 2.33 | 3.00 | 9.15 | 0.71 | 3.14 | 0.42 | 2.81 | 3.62 | 3.76 | 0.57 | 3.11 | 4.10 | 8.23 | 0.58 | 7.79 | 8.89 | 17.91 | 0.65 | 17.35 | 18.63 | 76.92 | 5.00 | 72.00 | 82.00 | 58.00 | 4.77 | 53.50 | 63.00 |
Phylloscopus trochilus | 13 | 1.75 | 2.75 | 8.48 | 1.12 | 2.84 | 0.37 | 2.34 | 3.35 | 3.72 | 0.27 | 3.27 | 4.05 | 8.46 | 0.72 | 6.80 | 9.28 | 17.88 | 3.57 | 9.46 | 20.83 | 58.31 | 13.58 | 28.00 | 70.50 | 44.03 | 10.38 | 21.75 | 54.00 |
Prunella modularis | 39 | 1.59 | 2.37 | 18.69 | 1.20 | 3.96 | 0.24 | 3.50 | 4.41 | 5.08 | 0.27 | 4.39 | 5.73 | 10.96 | 0.54 | 10.00 | 12.45 | 20.56 | 0.84 | 19.12 | 23.32 | 72.07 | 2.03 | 68.00 | 77.00 | 53.19 | 4.38 | 29.50 | 57.50 |
Pyrrhula pyrrhula | 13 | 1.83 | 1.92 | 24.90 | 1.83 | 9.07 | 0.49 | 8.34 | 10.06 | 9.05 | 0.57 | 8.40 | 10.09 | 10.77 | 0.80 | 9.76 | 12.57 | 17.46 | 0.53 | 16.27 | 18.15 | 89.29 | 3.59 | 83.50 | 97.50 | 67.02 | 2.53 | 62.50 | 70.75 |
Sitta europaea | 44 | 1.69 | 2.74 | 21.72 | 1.33 | 4.72 | 0.31 | 4.03 | 5.68 | 5.60 | 0.46 | 4.89 | 6.96 | 14.92 | 1.64 | 10.88 | 18.87 | 20.50 | 0.67 | 18.59 | 21.85 | 86.66 | 7.66 | 43.25 | 93.50 | 66.03 | 1.88 | 62.75 | 69.25 |
Sturnus vulgaris | 1 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 73.34 | n/a | 7.29 | n/a | 7.29 | 7.29 | 7.59 | n/a | 7.59 | 7.59 | 21.53 | n/a | 21.53 | 21.53 | 29.89 | n/a | 29.89 | 29.89 | 132.00 | n/a | 132.00 | 132.00 | 97.50 | n/a | 97.50 | 97.50 |
Sylvia atricapilla | 316 | 1.73 | 2.18 | 17.22 | 1.49 | 3.83 | 0.29 | 2.85 | 6.40 | 4.99 | 0.42 | 3.81 | 7.47 | 10.63 | 0.65 | 8.85 | 12.26 | 20.47 | 0.91 | 10.60 | 23.97 | 74.93 | 3.03 | 36.50 | 88.00 | 55.27 | 5.39 | 27.25 | 67.50 |
Troglodytes troglodytes | 78 | 1.74 | 3.21 | 9.95 | 0.89 | 2.82 | 0.22 | 2.01 | 3.38 | 3.22 | 0.31 | 2.47 | 4.28 | 10.25 | 0.73 | 8.20 | 11.59 | 17.40 | 0.67 | 15.75 | 18.54 | 49.56 | 3.77 | 26.50 | 54.25 | 36.60 | 3.02 | 17.75 | 40.00 |
Turdus merula | 264 | 1.82 | 1.61 | 87.34 | 5.27 | 7.32 | 0.42 | 5.61 | 9.03 | 7.12 | 0.61 | 5.49 | 9.10 | 19.05 | 1.11 | 14.20 | 21.97 | 33.37 | 1.09 | 30.72 | 40.38 | 128.58 | 14.57 | 46.75 | 140.50 | 96.70 | 33.54 | 45.75 | 552.75 |
Turdus philomelos | 151 | 1.72 | 1.63 | 68.35 | 7.51 | 6.40 | 0.42 | 5.65 | 8.48 | 6.92 | 0.64 | 5.01 | 9.16 | 15.84 | 1.04 | 12.81 | 22.05 | 32.11 | 2.14 | 15.53 | 35.29 | 117.96 | 12.59 | 58.75 | 161.00 | 85.73 | 12.74 | 43.25 | 117.50 |
Turdus viscivorus | 13 | 2.09 | 1.83 | 107.68 | 9.80 | 7.55 | 0.65 | 6.65 | 9.02 | 7.82 | 0.66 | 6.95 | 8.94 | 17.63 | 1.15 | 15.60 | 19.63 | 33.43 | 0.90 | 32.15 | 34.65 | 153.85 | 6.06 | 143.00 | 160.50 | 114.88 | 5.72 | 102.75 | 121.25 |
Species | Diet | Wing length Min | Wing length Max | Body Length Min | Body Length Max | Tail Length Min | Tail Length Max | Bill Length Min | Bill Length Max | Tarsus Length Min | Tarsus Length Max | Body Mass MIN | Body Mass MAX | Incubation Time Min | Incubation Time Max | Nestling stage Min | Nestling stage Max | Clutch Size Min | Clutch Size Max | Wing Span Min | Wing Span Max | Maximum Broods Per Year | Maximum Age EURING | Wingbeat Frequency | Wing Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accipiter gentilis | carnivore | 303.0 | 360.0 | 48.0 | 62 | 210.0 | 270.0 | 20.0 | 24.0 | 72.5 | 78.0 | 500 | 1350 | 36 | 41 | 36 | 40 | 3 | 4 | 93 | 127.0 | 1 | 20 | 4.2 | 0.2400 |
Acrocephalus palustris | insectivore | 68.0 | 76.0 | 12.0 | 14 | 47.0 | 61.0 | 11.1 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 19.4 | 11 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 18 | 21.0 | 1 | 10 | 13.7 | 0.0072 |
Acrocephalus scirpaceus | insectivore | 62.0 | 73.0 | 12.0 | 14 | 53.6 | 56.2 | 12.1 | 18.5 | 22.3 | 24.1 | 10 | 15 | 11 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 17 | 21.0 | 2 | 13 | 12.4 | 0.0074 |
Aegithalos caudatus | insectivore | 57.0 | 64.0 | 13.0 | 15 | 80.0 | 92.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 16.0 | 17.5 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 19.0 | 1 | 11 | n/a | n/a |
Alauda arvensis | insectivore | 98.0 | 118.0 | 18.0 | 19 | 59.5 | 74.0 | 12.8 | 16.3 | 22.5 | 27.0 | 33 | 45 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 3 | 5 | 30 | 36.0 | 2 | 11 | 7.3 | 0.0233 |
Anser anser | herbivore | 425.0 | 480.0 | 75.0 | 90 | 58.0 | 74.0 | 129.0 | 150.0 | 73.0 | 82.0 | 2900 | 3700 | 27 | 28 | 50 | 60 | 4 | 9 | 147 | 180.0 | 1 | 27 | n/a | n/a |
Anthus trivialis | insectivore | 13.4 | 15.8 | 14.0 | 16 | 56.6 | 65.5 | 81.0 | 91.0 | 20.0 | 23.2 | 20 | 25 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 25 | 27.0 | 2 | 9 | 10.1 | 0.0126 |
Anthus pratensis | insectivore | 13.2 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 15 | 53.0 | 63.5 | 74.0 | 86.0 | 18.4 | 21.8 | 16 | 25 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 22 | 25.0 | 2 | 8 | 9.6 | 0.0143 |
Apus apus | insectivore | 163.0 | 187.0 | 16.0 | 17 | 69.0 | 85.0 | 11.2 | 14.0 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 36 | 50 | 20 | 20 | 36 | 48 | 2 | 3 | 40 | 44.0 | 1 | 21 | 8.5 | 0.0150 |
Ardea cinerea | carnivore | 425.0 | 470.0 | 90.0 | 98 | 155.0 | 175.0 | 100.0 | 125.0 | 135.0 | 165.0 | 1600 | 2000 | 25 | 28 | 42 | 50 | 3 | 5 | 155 | 175.0 | 1 | 36 | 2.8 | 0.3580 |
Buteo buteo | carnivore | 366.0 | 424.0 | 50.0 | 57 | 193.0 | 222.0 | 20.0 | 25.5 | 69.5 | 82.0 | 600 | 1300 | 36 | 36 | 45 | 50 | 2 | 3 | 113 | 128.0 | 1 | 29 | 3.5 | 0.2540 |
Carduelis cannabina | granivore | 78.0 | 86.0 | 13.0 | 14 | 50.0 | 57.0 | 11.0 | 13.2 | 14.7 | 16.9 | 15 | 20 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 22 | 25.0 | 2 | 10 | 12.0 | 0.0093 |
Carduelis spinus | granivore | 69.0 | 77.0 | 11.0 | 12 | 40.0 | 48.0 | 11.9 | 14.1 | 13.0 | 14.6 | 10 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 23.0 | 2 | 14 | 12.0 | 0.0079 |
Carduelis chloris | granivore | 82.0 | 91.0 | 14.0 | 16 | 51.0 | 59.0 | 14.5 | 20.9 | 16.5 | 18.9 | 25 | 34 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 25 | 27.0 | 2 | 13 | 12.1 | 0.0112 |
Carduelis carduelis | granivore | 78.0 | 87.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 43.5 | 52.5 | 13.6 | 16.5 | 13.7 | 15.4 | 12 | 18 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 21 | 25.0 | 2 | 12 | 11.6 | 0.0099 |
Certhia brachydactyla | insectivore | 59.0 | 67.5 | 12.0 | 13 | 50.4 | 64.5 | 15.3 | 23.0 | 14.8 | 17.2 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 17 | 20.0 | 2 | 6 | n/a | n/a |
Certhia familiaris | insectivore | 60.0 | 67.0 | 12.0 | 14 | 52.0 | 70.0 | 13.9 | 21.2 | 13.0 | 17.0 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 18 | 21.0 | 2 | 9 | n/a | n/a |
Ciconia ciconia | omnivore | 530.0 | 630.0 | 100.0 | 115 | 215.0 | 240.0 | 140.0 | 190.0 | 195.0 | 240.0 | 3000 | 3500 | 33 | 34 | 58 | 64 | 3 | 6 | 183 | 217.0 | 1 | 39 | 2.6 | 0.6508 |
Coccothraustes coccothraustes | granivore | 102.0 | 112.0 | 17.0 | 18 | 46.0 | 54.0 | 18.7 | 22.6 | 19.8 | 23.0 | 48 | 62 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 29 | 33.0 | 1 | 13 | n/a | n/a |
Columba oenas | granivore | 208.0 | 226.0 | 32.0 | 34 | 102.0 | 115.0 | 19.0 | 21.0 | 28.0 | 32.0 | 250 | 340 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 30 | 2 | 2 | 60 | 66.0 | 4 | 13 | n/a | n/a |
Columba palumbus | granivore | 238.0 | 258.0 | 40.0 | 42 | 158.0 | 185.0 | 19.7 | 23.5 | 29.0 | 35.0 | 450 | 520 | 17 | 17 | 33 | 34 | 2 | 2 | 68 | 77.0 | 2 | 18 | 6.6 | 0.0904 |
Corvus monedula | omnivore | 215.0 | 247.0 | 33.0 | 34 | 112.0 | 139.0 | 29.5 | 36.5 | 32.5 | 46.0 | 220 | 270 | 17 | 18 | 30 | 35 | 3 | 6 | 64 | 73.0 | 1 | 20 | 6.3 | 0.0618 |
Corvus corax | omnivore | 375.0 | 442.0 | 54.0 | 67 | 222.0 | 246.0 | 68.0 | 84.0 | 64.5 | 73.5 | 1000 | 1500 | 20 | 21 | 40 | 40 | 3 | 6 | 115 | 130.0 | 1 | 21 | 4.0 | 0.2472 |
Corvus corone cornix | omnivore | 286.0 | 335.0 | 44.0 | 51 | 179.0 | 219.0 | 47.0 | 58.0 | 53.0 | 62.0 | 540 | 600 | 17 | 18 | 30 | 32 | 4 | 6 | 84 | 100.0 | 1 | 18 | 4.7 | 0.1470 |
Corvus corone corone | omnivore | 300.0 | 345.0 | 44.0 | 51 | 170.0 | 203.0 | 51.5 | 63.0 | 47.6 | 63.4 | 540 | 600 | 17 | 18 | 30 | 32 | 4 | 6 | 84 | 100.0 | 1 | 18 | 4.7 | 0.1470 |
Coturnix coturnix | granivore | 106.0 | 119.0 | 16.0 | 18 | 35.0 | 43.0 | 10.5 | 13.0 | 24.5 | 27.5 | 70 | 135 | 17 | 20 | 11 | 19 | 8 | 13 | 32 | 35.0 | 2 | 11 | 11.6 | 0.0200 |
Cuculus canorus | insectivore | 208.0 | 230.0 | 32.0 | 34 | 163.0 | 178.0 | 18.0 | 24.0 | 19.5 | 24.5 | 105 | 130 | 12 | 13 | 20 | 23 | 10 | 25 | 55 | 60.0 | n/a | 13 | n/a | n/a |
Cyanistes caeruleus | insectivore | 65.0 | 71.0 | 11.0 | 12 | 50.0 | 57.0 | 5.5 | 11.5 | 16.0 | 18.5 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 19 | 20 | 6 | 15 | 18 | 20.0 | 1 | 15 | n/a | n/a |
Delichon urbica | insectivore | 102.0 | 118.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 57.0 | 66.0 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 15 | 21 | 17 | 20 | 24 | 26 | 2 | 6 | 26 | 29.0 | 2 | 15 | 10.0 | n/a |
Dendrocopos major | insectivore | 135.0 | 150.0 | 22.0 | 23 | 87.9 | 91.5 | 25.6 | 31.5 | 24.4 | 24.9 | 70 | 90 | 11 | 13 | 20 | 24 | 4 | 7 | 34 | 39.0 | 1 | 13 | n/a | n/a |
Dendrocopos minor | insectivore | 89.0 | 99.0 | 14.0 | 15 | 56.0 | 65.0 | 15.5 | 19.0 | 14.0 | 16.5 | 18 | 22 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 4 | 6 | 25 | 27.0 | 1 | 8 | n/a | n/a |
Dendrocopos medius | insectivore | 120.0 | 131.0 | 20.0 | 22 | 77.0 | 86.5 | 22.0 | 26.2 | 20.0 | 23.0 | 50 | 80 | 12 | 14 | 22 | 23 | 4 | 7 | 33 | 34.0 | 1 | 8 | n/a | n/a |
Dryocopus martius | insectivore | 227.0 | 241.0 | 40.0 | 46 | 159.0 | 173.0 | 50.0 | 62.0 | 36.0 | 39.0 | 300 | 350 | 12 | 14 | 24 | 28 | 4 | 6 | 64 | 68.0 | 1 | 14 | n/a | n/a |
Emberiza citrinella | granivore | 79.0 | 95.0 | 16.0 | 17 | 66.0 | 84.0 | 12.2 | 17.2 | 18.5 | 21.2 | 24 | 30 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 23 | 29.0 | 2 | 13 | n/a | n/a |
Emberiza calandra | granivore | 88.0 | 105.0 | 16.0 | 19 | 57.0 | 81.0 | 15.1 | 18.7 | 22.5 | 27.1 | 38 | 55 | 12 | 13 | 10 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 26 | 32.0 | 1 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Erithacus rubecula | insectivore | 71.0 | 77.0 | 12.5 | 14 | 55.0 | 63.5 | 14.0 | 16.4 | 23.3 | 27.0 | 16 | 22 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 5 | 7 | 20 | 22.0 | 2 | 18 | 11.9 | 0.0101 |
Falco tinnunculus | carnivore | 234.0 | 271.0 | 25.0 | 32 | 151.0 | 188.0 | 12.5 | 17.0 | 37.5 | 47.2 | 190 | 300 | 27 | 31 | 27 | 30 | 4 | 6 | 71 | 80.0 | 1 | 24 | 4.9 | 0.0777 |
Ficedula hypoleuca | insectivore | 74.0 | 83.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 50.0 | 56.0 | 12.0 | 14.2 | 15.8 | 18.0 | 9 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 5 | 8 | 22 | 24.0 | 1 | 11 | 10.7 | 0.0091 |
Ficedula parva | insectivore | 66.0 | 73.0 | 11.0 | 12 | 43.7 | 54.9 | 8.8 | 10.3 | 15.0 | 18.2 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 7 | 15 | 21.0 | 1 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Fringilla montifringilla | granivore | 85.0 | 96.5 | 14.0 | 16 | 56.0 | 70.0 | 14.5 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 20.3 | 23 | 29 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 25 | 27.0 | 1 | 15 | 10.8 | 0.0125 |
Fringilla coelebs | granivore | 80.0 | 92.0 | 14.0 | 16 | 55.0 | 73.4 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 23.0 | 19 | 24 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 25 | 28.0 | 2 | 14 | 10.8 | 0.0130 |
Gallinago gallinago | omnivore | 128.0 | 140.0 | 23.0 | 28 | 46.0 | 61.0 | 62.5 | 75.0 | 31.0 | 36.5 | 80 | 120 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 4 | 4 | 44 | 47.0 | 1 | 19 | 8.8 | 0.0309 |
Garrulus glandarius | omnivore | 168.0 | 195.0 | 32.0 | 35 | 139.0 | 163.0 | 32.5 | 42.0 | 39.2 | 45.3 | 140 | 190 | 16 | 16 | 20 | 20 | 3 | 6 | 52 | 58.0 | 1 | 17 | 6.3 | 0.0662 |
Grus grus | omnivore | 545.0 | 610.0 | 96.0 | 119 | 103.0 | 220.0 | 105.0 | 118.0 | 220.0 | 260.0 | 4000 | 7000 | 28 | 30 | 65 | 70 | 2 | 2 | 180 | 222.0 | 1 | 18 | n/a | n/a |
Hippolais icterina | insectivore | 73.0 | 82.0 | 13.0 | 14 | 47.0 | 60.0 | 14.5 | 17.5 | 20.0 | 23.0 | 12 | 22 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 21 | 24.0 | 1 | 11 | 12.4 | 0.0081 |
Hirundo rustica | insectivore | 118.0 | 131.0 | 17.0 | 21 | 76.0 | 132.0 | 11.2 | 14.0 | 9.7 | 11.5 | 16 | 25 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 24 | 4 | 6 | 32 | 34.5 | 2 | 16 | 7.7 | 0.0140 |
Jynx torquilla | insectivore | 82.5 | 93.0 | 16.0 | 17 | 60.0 | 67.0 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 18.3 | 20.5 | 30 | 45 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 22 | 7 | 10 | 25 | 27.0 | 2 | 10 | 10.2 | 0.0150 |
Lanius collurio | insectivore | 88.0 | 100.0 | 16.0 | 18 | 64.2 | 83.0 | 12.0 | 17.0 | 25.0 | 29.0 | 21 | 40 | 14 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 24 | 27.0 | 1 | 8 | 10.2 | 0.0145 |
Locustella naevia | insectivore | 61.0 | 68.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 51.0 | 59.0 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 19.0 | 21.0 | 11 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 10 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 18 | 21.0 | 2 | 5 | 14.7 | 0.0070 |
Loxia curvirostra | granivore | 91.0 | 103.0 | 16.0 | 18 | 53.0 | 61.0 | 17.0 | 21.2 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 28 | 40 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 3 | 4 | 27 | 30.0 | 2 | 7 | n/a | n/a |
Lullula arborea | insectivore | 87.0 | 97.0 | 14.0 | 15 | 48.0 | 54.0 | 9.5 | 12.0 | 20.0 | 23.0 | 24 | 36 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 27 | 30.0 | 2 | 9 | 9.7 | 0.0164 |
Luscinia megarhynchos | insectivore | 77.0 | 86.0 | 15.0 | 17 | 61.0 | 68.0 | 16.5 | 18.2 | 26.3 | 29.4 | 18 | 27 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 23 | 26.0 | 1 | 10 | 11.1 | 0.0116 |
Milvus milvus | carnivore | 483.0 | 535.0 | 56.0 | 73 | 310.0 | 390.0 | 25.1 | 29.0 | 51.0 | 61.0 | 750 | 1300 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 55 | 2 | 3 | 140 | 165.0 | 1 | 26 | 2.8 | 0.3040 |
Milvus migrans | carnivore | 434.0 | 480.0 | 55.0 | 60 | 220.0 | 280.0 | 22.0 | 28.0 | 52.0 | 62.0 | 650 | 950 | 30 | 30 | 42 | 45 | 2 | 3 | 130 | 155.0 | 1 | 24 | 3.1 | 0.2744 |
Motacilla flava | insectivore | 81.0 | 94.0 | 16.0 | 18 | 76.0 | 90.0 | 66.0 | 76.0 | 19.0 | 25.0 | 16 | 22 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 17 | 5 | 6 | 23 | 27.0 | 1 | 9 | 10.7 | 0.0103 |
Motacilla alba | insectivore | 74.0 | 86.0 | 17.0 | 19 | 64.0 | 75.5 | 80.0 | 92.0 | 21.3 | 25.5 | 19 | 27 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 5 | 6 | 25 | 30.0 | 3 | 13 | 10.1 | 0.0129 |
Muscicapa striata | insectivore | 85.0 | 94.0 | 14.0 | 15 | 56.0 | 65.0 | 14.8 | 17.8 | 14.1 | 16.0 | 13 | 19 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 23 | 25.0 | 2 | 11 | 10.6 | 0.0110 |
Oenanthe oenanthe | insectivore | 90.0 | 102.0 | 14.0 | 16 | 49.0 | 60.0 | 15.3 | 18.8 | 27.6 | 30.0 | 17 | 41 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 3 | 6 | 26 | 32.0 | 2 | 10 | 9.0 | 0.0157 |
Oriolus oriolus | insectivore | 144.0 | 163.0 | 22.0 | 25 | 74.9 | 94.5 | 20.0 | 26.5 | 20.0 | 24.0 | 65 | 67 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 44 | 47.0 | 1 | 7 | n/a | n/a |
Parus cristatus | insectivore | 59.0 | 67.0 | 11.0 | 12 | 48.2 | 56.3 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 20 | 22 | 5 | 8 | 17 | 20.0 | 1 | 12 | n/a | n/a |
Parus major | insectivore | 70.0 | 81.0 | 14.0 | 15 | 60.0 | 71.5 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 18.9 | 20.8 | 16 | 21 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 6 | 12 | 21 | 23.0 | 2 | 16 | n/a | n/a |
Parus palustris | insectivore | 59.0 | 70.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 52.0 | 60.0 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 15.8 | 17.1 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 18 | 20.0 | 1 | 12 | n/a | n/a |
Parus montanus | insectivore | 60.0 | 68.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 54.0 | 64.0 | 9.8 | 11.6 | 16.0 | 17.6 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 19 | 21.0 | 1 | 12 | n/a | n/a |
Passer montanus | granivore | 67.0 | 72.0 | 12.5 | 14 | 52.0 | 57.0 | 12.3 | 14.6 | 16.3 | 18.3 | 19 | 25 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 20 | 22.0 | 3 | 14 | n/a | n/a |
Passer domesticus | granivore | 73.0 | 83.0 | 14.0 | 15 | 54.0 | 60.0 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 16.5 | 19.7 | 22 | 32 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 21 | 25.0 | 3 | 20 | n/a | n/a |
Periparus ater | insectivore | 59.0 | 65.0 | 10.0 | 12 | 46.0 | 53.0 | 11.2 | 12.0 | 15.9 | 18.3 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 23 | 6 | 10 | 18 | 19.0 | 2 | 10 | 13.5 | 0.0061 |
Pernis apivorus | insectivore | 383.0 | 441.0 | 52.0 | 60 | 230.0 | 276.0 | 19.0 | 23.0 | 46.5 | 55.0 | 600 | 1100 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 44 | 2 | 2 | 125 | 135.0 | 1 | 29 | 3.3 | 0.2600 |
Phasianus colchicus | omnivore | 220.0 | 274.0 | 55.0 | 90 | 468.0 | 560.0 | 27.0 | 32.5 | 64.0 | 77.0 | 900 | 1400 | 23 | 25 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 15 | 70 | 90.0 | 1 | 27 | n/a | n/a |
Phoenicurus phoenicurus | insectivore | 75.0 | 85.0 | 13.0 | 15 | 53.5 | 61.5 | 12.8 | 15.8 | 19.7 | 23.3 | 12 | 20 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 17 | 5 | 7 | 21 | 24.0 | 1 | 10 | 11.0 | 0.0106 |
Phoenicurus ochruros | insectivore | 80.0 | 91.0 | 13.0 | 15 | 58.0 | 65.0 | 13.4 | 16.3 | 22.1 | 24.1 | 14 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 5 | 6 | 23 | 26.0 | 2 | 12 | 10.4 | 0.0106 |
Phylloscopus bonelli | insectivore | 57.0 | 68.0 | 11.0 | 12 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 11.0 | 13.5 | 18.3 | 19.7 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 20.0 | 1 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Phylloscopus trochilus | insectivore | 60.0 | 70.0 | 11.0 | 12 | 10.9 | 13.7 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 17.4 | 21.0 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 7 | 17 | 22.0 | 1 | 12 | 12.1 | 0.0071 |
Phylloscopus sibilatrix | insectivore | 70.0 | 81.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 46.0 | 56.0 | 12.4 | 13.6 | 17.0 | 22.0 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 20 | 24.0 | 1 | 11 | n/a | n/a |
Phylloscopus collybita | insectivore | 53.0 | 68.0 | 10.0 | 12 | 42.0 | 54.0 | 10.1 | 12.5 | 17.5 | 21.0 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 7 | 15 | 21.0 | 2 | 9 | n/a | n/a |
Pica pica | omnivore | 186.0 | 215.0 | 40.0 | 51 | 193.0 | 296.0 | 36.0 | 44.6 | 41.0 | 52.6 | 200 | 250 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 24 | 4 | 8 | 53 | 60.0 | 1 | 22 | 6.8 | 0.0595 |
Picus canus | insectivore | 143.0 | 155.0 | 25.0 | 26 | 92.0 | 104.0 | 36.0 | 44.0 | 25.3 | 28.5 | 125 | 165 | 14 | 15 | 24 | 28 | 7 | 9 | 38 | 40.0 | 1 | 6 | n/a | n/a |
Picus viridis | insectivore | 159.0 | 171.0 | 31.0 | 33 | 95.0 | 104.0 | 42.5 | 53.0 | 28.5 | 33.0 | 180 | 220 | 15 | 15 | 23 | 27 | 5 | 8 | 40 | 42.0 | 1 | 16 | n/a | n/a |
Prunella modularis | insectivore | 66.0 | 74.0 | 13.0 | 14 | 53.0 | 62.0 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 20.0 | 21.9 | 9 | 24 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 19 | 21.0 | 2 | 12 | 13.5 | 0.0090 |
Pyrrhula pyrrhula | granivore | 62.0 | 95.0 | 14.0 | 16 | 64.0 | 73.0 | 14.0 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 21 | 27 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 4 | 6 | 22 | 26.0 | 2 | 13 | n/a | n/a |
Regulus ignicapillus | insectivore | 48.0 | 56.0 | 9.0 | 10 | 36.0 | 44.0 | 12.0 | 14.6 | 15.6 | 21.2 | 5 | 7 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 16.0 | 2 | n/a | 21.3 | n/a |
Regulus regulus | insectivore | 50.0 | 58.0 | 9.0 | 10 | 51.0 | 59.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 5 | 7 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 15.0 | 2 | 6 | 14.0 | 0.0053 |
Saxicola rubetra | insectivore | 71.0 | 83.0 | 12.0 | 14 | 44.5 | 49.0 | 13.3 | 16.3 | 19.5 | 24.0 | 16 | 24 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 24 | 25.0 | 1 | 6 | 11.3 | 0.0095 |
Saxicola rubicola | insectivore | 63.0 | 71.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 42.0 | 52.0 | 12.3 | 15.5 | 21.0 | 24.5 | 14 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 16 | 5 | 6 | 18 | 21.0 | 3 | 9 | n/a | n/a |
Scolopax rusticola | carnivore | 190.0 | 214.0 | 33.0 | 35 | 80.0 | 90.0 | 65.0 | 80.0 | 34.0 | 40.0 | 250 | 420 | 22 | 23 | 15 | 20 | 4 | 4 | 56 | 65.0 | 1 | 16 | n/a | n/a |
Sitta europaea | insectivore | 72.0 | 92.0 | 13.0 | 15 | 44.0 | 49.0 | 18.1 | 21.8 | 19.4 | 20.7 | 19 | 24 | 15 | 18 | 24 | 24 | 5 | 8 | 26 | 27.0 | 1 | 13 | n/a | n/a |
Streptopelia turtur | granivore | 170.0 | 182.0 | 26.0 | 28 | 96.0 | 112.0 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 23.0 | 24.0 | 100 | 180 | 14 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 2 | 2 | 45 | 50.0 | 2 | 21 | 7.4 | 0.0400 |
Strix aluco | carnivore | 268.0 | 298.0 | 37.0 | 39 | 154.0 | 185.0 | 25.5 | 29.5 | 44.0 | 53.0 | 330 | 590 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 37 | 3 | 6 | 94 | 104.0 | 1 | 23 | n/a | n/a |
Sturnus vulgaris | insectivore | 121.0 | 138.0 | 19.0 | 22 | 59.0 | 66.0 | 21.5 | 29.5 | 27.1 | 30.3 | 75 | 90 | 12 | 13 | 20 | 20 | 4 | 6 | 37 | 42.0 | 2 | 23 | 10.1 | 0.0230 |
Sylvia communis | insectivore | 67.0 | 77.0 | 13.0 | 15 | 57.0 | 67.0 | 49.2 | 57.4 | 21.7 | 22.5 | 12 | 18 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 3 | 5 | 19 | 23.0 | 1 | 9 | 13.0 | 0.0087 |
Sylvia borin | insectivore | 74.0 | 83.0 | 13.0 | 14 | 49.0 | 58.0 | 10.2 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 21.8 | 16 | 23 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 20 | 24.0 | 2 | 15 | 12.2 | 0.0095 |
Sylvia curucca | insectivore | 60.0 | 70.0 | 12.0 | 14 | 50.0 | 58.0 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 17.9 | 20.4 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 18 | 20.0 | 1 | 7 | 13.0 | 0.0073 |
Sylvia atricapilla | insectivore | 72.0 | 80.0 | 13.0 | 15 | 56.0 | 62.0 | 13.2 | 16.1 | 18.7 | 21.5 | 14 | 20 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 22 | 24.0 | 2 | 12 | 13.3 | 0.0098 |
Sylvia nisoria | insectivore | 80.0 | 93.0 | 15.0 | 17 | 64.0 | 79.0 | 15.9 | 18.3 | 22.0 | 28.0 | 21 | 35 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 23 | 27.0 | 1 | 12 | n/a | n/a |
Troglodytes troglodytes | insectivore | 45.0 | 52.0 | 9.0 | 10 | 29.0 | 35.0 | 9.5 | 12.2 | 16.0 | 18.5 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 14 | 15.0 | 2 | 7 | n/a | n/a |
Turdus merula | insectivore | 119.0 | 138.0 | 24.0 | 29 | 99.0 | 116.0 | 24.5 | 32.5 | 30.2 | 35.0 | 80 | 110 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 34 | 38.5 | 3 | 17 | 9.6 | 0.0297 |
Turdus viscivorus | insectivore | 142.0 | 164.0 | 26.0 | 29 | 103.0 | 118.0 | 23.3 | 26.5 | 31.5 | 35.0 | 110 | 140 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 42 | 47.5 | 2 | 13 | 8.5 | 0.0358 |
Turdus iliacus | insectivore | 109.0 | 127.0 | 19.0 | 23 | 69.0 | 89.0 | 18.5 | 23.5 | 28.0 | 32.0 | 55 | 75 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 33 | 34.0 | 2 | 18 | n/a | n/a |
Turdus philomelos | insectivore | 109.0 | 123.0 | 21.0 | 24 | 78.0 | 90.0 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 31.8 | 33.8 | 65 | 90 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 33 | 36.0 | 2 | 18 | 10.2 | 0.0226 |
Turdus pilaris | insectivore | 136.0 | 153.0 | 22.0 | 27 | 98.0 | 115.0 | 23.6 | 25.7 | 29.5 | 34.4 | 80 | 140 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 39 | 42.0 | 2 | 18 | 8.2 | 0.0335 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Bill height (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | Bill height measured at proximal end of operculum | mm | Own |
Bill length (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | Bill length measured from tip to proximal end of operculum | mm | Own |
Bill length max | Maximum length of bill from tip to front of cranium | mm | [28] amended by [26] |
Bill length min | Minimum length of bill from tip to front of cranium | mm | [28] amended by [26] |
Bill width (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | Bill width measured at proximal end of operculum | mm | Own |
Body length max | Maximum body length of live bird from bill tip to longest tail feather | cm | [27] |
Body length min | Minimum body length of live bird from bill tip to longest tail feather | cm | [27] |
Body mass (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | Live body mass of bird as measured in the field | g | Own |
Body mass max | Maximum body mass as from literature | g | [27] |
Body mass min | Minimum body mass as from literature | g | [27] |
Clutch size max | Maximum number of eggs in clutch | # | [27] |
Clutch size min | Minimum number of eggs in clutch | # | [27] |
Fat (mean score) | Abdominal fat scores following Svensson [28] and Eck, Fiebig, Fiedler, Heynen, Nicolai, Töpfer, Winkler and Woog [32] | Score | Own |
Diet | Major feeding group of species during breeding (roughly April to June) | Class | Own data (amended from [26]) |
Incubation time max | Maximum number of days from egg laying to hatching | days | [27] |
Incubation time min | Minimum number of days from egg laying to hatching | days | [27] |
Maximum age EURING | Minimum/Maximum age observed of banded birds (in years, rounded to the next year, if any month was specified) | # | [27] |
Maximum broods per year | Minimum/Maximum number of broods observed per species so far | # | [27] |
Muscle (mean score) | Abdominal muscle scores following Svensson [28] | Score | Own |
Nestling stage max | Maximum number of days a nestling is on the nest, typically from hatching to flying | days | [27] |
Nestling stage min | Minimum number of days a nestling is on the nest, typically from hatching to flying | days | [27] |
P3 (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | Mean value of primary 3 length measured on right and left body side of individual | mm | Own |
Species | Scientific name species | ||
Tail length max | Maximum length of tail, measured after Svensson [28] | mm | [26] |
Tail length min | Minimum length of tail, measured after Svensson [28] | mm | [26] |
Tarsus (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | Mean value of tarsus length measured on right and left body side of individual | mm | Own |
Tarsus length max | Maximum length of tarsus (‘Lauf’ in von Blotzheim and Bauer [26]) | mm | [26] amended by [29] |
Tarsus length min | Minimum length of tarsus (‘Lauf’ in von Blotzheim and Bauer [26]) | mm | [26] amended by [33] |
Wing (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | Mean value of wing length measured on right and left body side of individual | mm | Own |
wing area | Area of the wing covered if stretched fully | m2 | [27] |
Wing length max | Maximum wing length, measured from bow to tip (typically flattened) | mm | [28] amended by [26] |
Wing length min | Minimum wing length, measured from bow to tip (typically flattened) | mm | [28] amended by [26] |
Wing span max | Maximum wingspan of flattened and stretched wings from one wing tip to the other | mm | [27] |
Wing span min | Minimum wingspan of flattened and stretched wings from one wing tip to the other | mm | [27] |
Wingbeat frequency | Wingbeats per second | Hz | [27] |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Renner, S.C.; Hoesel, W.v. Ecological and Functional Traits in 99 Bird Species over a Large-Scale Gradient in Germany. Data 2017, 2, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/data2020012
Renner SC, Hoesel Wv. Ecological and Functional Traits in 99 Bird Species over a Large-Scale Gradient in Germany. Data. 2017; 2(2):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/data2020012
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenner, Swen C., and Willem van Hoesel. 2017. "Ecological and Functional Traits in 99 Bird Species over a Large-Scale Gradient in Germany" Data 2, no. 2: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/data2020012
APA StyleRenner, S. C., & Hoesel, W. v. (2017). Ecological and Functional Traits in 99 Bird Species over a Large-Scale Gradient in Germany. Data, 2(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/data2020012