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Data Descriptor

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity in the Middle Doce River Basin, Brazil

by
Gabriel Estevão Nogueira Aguila
,
Diego Guimarães Florencio Pujoni
*,
Maria Margarida Marques
,
Liss Gato Cupertino Santos
,
Natália Murta de Lima Dornelas
,
Karine Andrade
,
Ivan Menezes Monteiro
,
Paulina Maria Maia-Barbosa
and
Francisco Antônio Rodrigues Barbosa
Laboratório de Limnologia, Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aquática do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Data 2018, 3(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020017
Submission received: 11 May 2018 / Revised: 18 May 2018 / Accepted: 21 May 2018 / Published: 22 May 2018
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
This resource contains a checklist of the benthic macroinvertebrate community sampled biannually from 1999 to 2010 in eight natural lakes from the middle Rio Doce Valley lake system and eight river segments in the Piracicaba River basin (sub-basin of Doce river), Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Three of the lakes are located inside a protected state park and are surrounded by preserved vegetation (Atlantic Forest). The other five lakes are in private properties, surrounded by Eucalyptus plantations. The seven stretches of rivers have a distinct degree of anthropogenic impacts. Samples were collected with a kick net and fixed with formaldehyde solution. Four phyla were represented: Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, and Platyhelminthes. For Insecta, 76 families were identified, one family was identified for Crustacea, and nine families were identified for Mollusca. This subproject belongs to the International Long-Term Ecological Research Project (ILTER—Programa de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração—PELD) site 4.
Dataset:https://doi.org/10.15468/cev8wb. Readers can also find the data directly from https://www.gbif.org/dataset/32ba1b9a-b06d-417e-98ea-eb0cfb67466a or https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/peld/resource?r=diversidade_de_macroinvertebrados_bentonicos_peld.
Data Set License: CC-BY-NC 4.0 License

1. Introduction

In environmental evaluation practices, the use of biological variables represents a significant advantage over using exclusively physical and chemical parameters [1]. This approach enables not only the study of a momentary situation but also the influence of past modifications on environmental quality that still affects the aquatic biota [2]. In this perspective, the use of benthic macroinvertebrates is a powerful tool for biomonitoring programs due to the clear influence of habitat modifications over their community structure and taxa distribution, which makes this community a useful environmental bioindicator [3,4,5].
The benthic macroinvertebrate community is composed of organisms from several taxonomic groups and trophic guilds. During at least part of their life cycles, they live associated with the substrate of water bodies (sediments, wood debris, rocks, aquatic macrophytes, filamentous algae, etc.).
The most common groups are insects, annelids, mollusks, and crustaceans, among other smaller groups [6]. These organisms occupy a variety of niches and play fundamental roles in the ecological processes of aquatic ecosystems, in both the detritivore and the secondary production chain. They can be considered a linkage between mass and energy fluxes along the aquatic food web, taking part in the biogeochemical cycles [7].
In addition to the traditional taxonomic approach, the use of functional types represents an important complement to this kind of work [8]. This approach evaluates the community organization patterns through an ecosystem services perspective, allowing a complementary point-of-view on the relationship between the abiotic environment and community responses [9,10].
The Doce River basin is one of the most unique areas of the Brazilian landscape, and is the home of two of the country’s most threatened biomes, the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, which are considered hotspots of biodiversity [11,12] and under great anthropic impact [13,14,15]. The mid-catchment zone of the Doce River basin has a high value for Brazilian biodiversity, since in this region lies one of the biggest continuous remnants of the Atlantic Forest, the Rio Doce State Park (RDSP), which is 35,970 hectares in size and was recognized in 2010 as a RAMSAR site for the conservation of wetlands [16].
The Doce River basin covers a total of 230 municipalities and has a population of over 3.5 million inhabitants. In addition to the impacts of human occupation, the basin has the largest steel complex in Latin America, where several steelmaking and mining companies are settled [17]. Many anthropogenic environmental impacts have already been identified in both rivers and lakes, such as extensive Eucalyptus plantations, pasturelands for cattle raising, unplanned urbanization with disposal of untreated sewage, illegal hunting and fishing inside the RDSP, and the intentional and/or accidental introductions of exotic species (e.g., mollusks, fish, plants, and primates).

2. Data Description

This project aimed to unify the data and information obtained during the sampling period of the International Long-Term Ecological Research Project (ILTER—Programa de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração—PELD) site 4, from 1999 to 2010, evaluating the zoobenthic community in lotic and lentic systems in the mid-catchment zone of the Doce River basin. The objective of the project was to evaluate both the spatial and the temporal variations in the community structure, including the effects of distinct degrees of anthropogenic impacts. Data on species occurrences is available on https://doi.org/10.15468/cev8wb. Readers can also find the data directly from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) site, https://www.gbif.org/dataset/32ba1b9a-b06d-417e-98ea-eb0cfb67466a, or from Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SIBBr) site, https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/peld/resource?r=diversidade_de_macroinvertebrados_bentonicos_peld.

3. Geographic Coverage

Bounding Coordinates South-West [−20, −42.9], North East [−19.22, −42.2]

This project was developed in the mid-catchment zone of Doce River basin, located in the southeast portion of the Minas Gerais state, Brazil (Figure 1). In this region, there is the Middle Rio Doce lake system, which is the third-largest lake system in the Brazilian territory, with more than 300 identified water bodies [18]. Around 50 lakes are located inside the limits of the RDSP. The predominant climate is mesothermic, with two well-defined seasons: a dry winter from April to September and a rainy summer from October to March (Figure 2).

4. Temporal Coverage

The database includes benthic macroinvertebrates at the family, genus, or species level reported for different river and lake segments in the freshwater basin during the period 1999–2010. Eight river segments (Caraça, Barão de Cocais, Santa Bárbara, Peixe, Severo, Piracicaba, Ipanema, Doce) and eight lakes (Dom Helvécio, Gambazinho, Carioca, Amarela, Águas Claras, Barra, Jacaré and Palmeirinha) were sampled once in the dry and rainy seasons of each year (Table 1).
The lakes are oligo-mesotrophic, and the Caraça River (CR) is the most preserved of all the river segments sampled because it is inside a private natural heritage reserve (Table 2). The other river segments are subject to high impact due to the growing urbanization. Percentage of organic matter and granulometry showed an expressive variation within the sites and we provided an overview (Table 3).

5. Taxonomic Coverage

Specimens are identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level as possible, mostly at the family level (Table 4). Some taxa were identified until the genus or the species level. Four phyla were represented: Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, and Platyhelminthes. Seven classes were identified: Insecta, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Clitellata, Malacostraca, Ostracoda, and Arachnida. For Insecta, 76 families were identified, one family was identified for Crustacea, and nine families were identified for Mollusca.
In major lines, it is possible to observe differences in macroinvertebrate community structure from rivers and lakes (Figure 3). The phylum Annelida and the subphylum Hexapoda were present in all lake and river sites sampled. The frequency of Arthropoda in lakes inside the RDSP was higher than lakes outside the RDSP (except for lake BA), especially for Trichoptera (e.g., Leptoceridae and Polycentropodidae), Ephemeroptera (e.g., Caenidae and Leptophlebidae), and Heteroptera (e.g., Notonectidae, Belostomatidae, and Corixidae). The river segment CR had a higher frequency of Trichoptera (e.g., Helicopsychidae, Limnephilidae, and Hydroptilidae), and Heteroptera (e.g., Naucoridae). The crustaceans had a higher frequency in lakes when compared to rivers. However, the Carioca (CA) and the Águas Claras (AC) lakes showed no crustaceans sampled within their shores. The Mollusca phylum showed a higher frequency in the Dom Helvécio (DH), Jacaré (JH), and Barra (BA) lakes, and in the Santa Bárbara (SB) and Doce (DC) rivers. This high frequency is due to the presence of the invasive species Melanoides tuberculatus and the high frequency of the genus Pomaceae (Ampullaridae) in the Jacaré (JA) lake.

6. Methods

Method step description: For each lake, one or more sampling stations were determined in the littoral region. In the rivers, a single sampling station was determined in the left margin of each environment. Samples were collected with a kick net; then, they were packed in plastic bags, fixed with 10 mL of 40% formaldehyde solution, labeled, and stored in polystyrene boxes. In the laboratory, the collected material was washed, and the organisms were retained in descending mesh screens (meshes of 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.250 mm). The organisms were screened using a stereomicroscope. Taxonomic identifications were made, whenever possible, up to the level of family, genus, and/or species, based on the following literatures: [6,19,20,21,22,23,24].

Author Contributions

G.E.N.A. (data manager, data publisher, metadata provider), I.M.M. (data manager, data publisher, metadata provider), D.G.F.P. (data manager, data publisher, curator), L.G.C.S. (data collector, collection identifier), N.M.d.L.D. (data collector, collection identifier), M.M.M. (data collector, collection identifier, subproject coordinator), P.M.M.-B. (data collector, project coordinator), F.A.R.B. (data collector, project coordinator).

Funding

This research was funded by PELD/MCT-CNPq grant number 520031/98-9.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-MCT) for financing the Long-Term Ecological Research Program—Site 4, The Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), the Forestry Institute of Minas Gerais (IEF-MG), colleagues from the Laboratório of Limnologia, Ecotoxicologia and Ecologia Aquática of ICB—UFMG (LIMNEA), and all the staff of Rio Doce State Park.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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Data 03 00017 g001 550
Figure 1. The mid-catchment of the Doce River basin showing the Piracicaba River with the eight samples points (CR—Caraça, BC—Barão de Cocais, SB—Santa Bárbara, PX—Peixe, SE—Severo, IP—Ipatinga, PI—Piranga, DC—Doce) and eight lakes (JA—Jacaré, BA—Barra, PA-Palmeirinha, AC—Águas Claras, AM—Amarela, CA—Carioca, DH—Dom Helvécio, GA—Gambazinho). In light gray are the municipality’s limits. The whole river network is not shown.
Figure 1. The mid-catchment of the Doce River basin showing the Piracicaba River with the eight samples points (CR—Caraça, BC—Barão de Cocais, SB—Santa Bárbara, PX—Peixe, SE—Severo, IP—Ipatinga, PI—Piranga, DC—Doce) and eight lakes (JA—Jacaré, BA—Barra, PA-Palmeirinha, AC—Águas Claras, AM—Amarela, CA—Carioca, DH—Dom Helvécio, GA—Gambazinho). In light gray are the municipality’s limits. The whole river network is not shown.
Data 03 00017 g001
Data 03 00017 g002 550
Figure 2. Seasonal climate pattern of the mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature (gray lines), and the accumulated precipitation (bars) measured by the meteorological stations located in Ipatinga City between 1998 and 2013.
Figure 2. Seasonal climate pattern of the mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature (gray lines), and the accumulated precipitation (bars) measured by the meteorological stations located in Ipatinga City between 1998 and 2013.
Data 03 00017 g002
Data 03 00017 g003 550
Figure 3. Mean absolute frequency (y-axis) of occurrence per sample of the four main groups found in the samples. Gray bars are lakes (the first three lakes are inside Rio Doce State Park) and black bars are rivers (ordered from upstream to downstream).
Figure 3. Mean absolute frequency (y-axis) of occurrence per sample of the four main groups found in the samples. Gray bars are lakes (the first three lakes are inside Rio Doce State Park) and black bars are rivers (ordered from upstream to downstream).
Data 03 00017 g003
Table
Table 1. An overview of number of samples collected in each period in each site. The sampling date is in the first line (m/yyyy), “D” stands for dry period and “R” for rainy period. The number in the cells represents the number of samples collected in that period.
Table 1. An overview of number of samples collected in each period in each site. The sampling date is in the first line (m/yyyy), “D” stands for dry period and “R” for rainy period. The number in the cells represents the number of samples collected in that period.
# Sampled Periods8/19998/20001/20001/20015/20027/20032/20038/20041/20047/20051/20057/20061/20068/20071/20077/20083/20088/20091/20092/2010
HabitatSiteDDRRDDRDRDRDRDRDRDRR
LakesAC1011020002022220020060
AM812020000031030010050
BA110000000000000000000
CA1312020000034236026263
DH1412030002022223027262
GA1100000002022226026263
JA1312020002022220026262
PA912120000031030020060
RiversBC110000000000000000000
CR1711113332301333303330
DC1712223333303333303330
IP1611113212302303303310
PI1711323333203313303320
PX1212320002003333303300
SB1321110001002333303230
SE1712223333303322303320
Table
Table 2. Mean ± standard deviation of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a in samples collected during rainy and dry periods during 1999–2010.
Table 2. Mean ± standard deviation of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a in samples collected during rainy and dry periods during 1999–2010.
Total Phosphorus (µg/L)Total Nitrogen (µg/L)Chlorophyll a (µg/L)
HabitatSiteRainyDryRainyDryRainyDry
LakesAC17.4 ± 8.523.0 ± 38.1610.2 ± 490.6478.7 ± 155.637.8 ± 38.423.6 ± 10.6
AM32.1 ± 15.736.4 ± 21.6825.2 ± 832.3485.7 ± 299.754.5 ± 82.415.4 ± 8.3
BA45.6 ± 45.025.6 ± 9.3703.2 ± 414.7679.9 ± 333.224.5 ± 10.917.2 ± 7.3
CA27.5 ± 15.230.8 ± 23.2819.9 ± 790.7514.9 ± 339.352.1 ± 67.150.1 ± 20.1
DH22.5 ± 21.526.2 ± 25.9630.8 ± 481.7521.1 ± 300.727.5 ± 34.816.2 ± 8.4
GA18.2 ± 11.421.1 ± 16.5496.6 ± 423.2346.7 ± 200.237.4 ± 48.425.9 ± 17.8
JA30.4 ± 20.331.4 ± 25.5658.5 ± 497.2552.2 ± 472.339.9 ± 61.616.1 ± 6.8
PA19.4 ± 14.819.4 ± 13.4684.6 ± 459.3591.3 ± 232.735.4 ± 37.926.6 ± 15.4
RiversBC93.1 ± 46.9181.9 ± 104.8707.8 ± 181.1940.7 ± 263.29.4 ± 8.32.8 ± 1.2
CR42.9 ± 54.528.0 ± 21.2466.6 ± 142.4467.3 ± 306.34.1 ± 2.24.2 ± 0.6
DC186.9 ± 135.795.2 ± 77.8885.0 ± 300.41021.8 ± 201.616.6 ± 8.210.4 ± 3.1
IP787.8 ± 851.2833.5 ± 403.43388.9 ± 1930.64538.2 ± 1238.12.7 ± 1.16.6 ± 4.1
PI260.8 ± 398.1353.0 ± 410.91582.9 ± 819.81752.1 ± 729.413.0 ± 9.916.0 ± 8.1
PX138.0 ± 170.793.7 ± 47.61161.8 ± 369.51737.2 ± 824.221.8 ± 18.84.4 ± 1.1
SB54.9 ± 58.534.4 ± 27.5496.2 ± 192.3439.6 ± 94.310.2 ± 8.213.1 ± 7.4
SE216.4 ± 185.079.7 ± 104.9980.1 ± 812.5574.1 ± 460.618.0 ± 20.67.4 ± 1.5
Table
Table 3. Percentage of organic matter (OM) and granulometry (sand/silt + clay) of the sampled sites’ substrate.
Table 3. Percentage of organic matter (OM) and granulometry (sand/silt + clay) of the sampled sites’ substrate.
OMSandSilt + Clay
LakesAC<20~50~50
AM<20~50~50
GA<20>50<20
BA<20<50>50
CA<30~50~50
DH<30>50<20
JA<20>50<50
PA<20<50>50
RiversBC<20<30>50
CR<10>90<10
DC<20>50<50
IP<20>80<20
PI<20~50~50
PX<20<50>50
SB<20>80<20
SE<20>50<50
Table
Table 4. Checklist (1 for presence and 0 for absence) of families and phylum/subphylum identified in each site within the whole sampled period.
Table 4. Checklist (1 for presence and 0 for absence) of families and phylum/subphylum identified in each site within the whole sampled period.
Phylum/SubphylumFamilyLakesRivers
ACAMBACADHGAJAPABCCRDCIPPIPXSBSE
Annelida 1111111111111111
Arthropoda/Hexapoda 3128154134342022348282131334237
Aeshnidae0101110101000010
Anomalopsychidae0000000001000000
Araneida1110100100101011
Baetidae1101111101111111
Belostomatidae1111110101010110
Belostomatidae0000000000010000
Brachycentridae0000000001000000
Caenidae1111111000000011
Calamoceratidae0000000001000000
Calopterygidae0000000001111111
Ceratopogonidae1111111101111111
Chaoboridae1111111101010000
Chironomidae1111111111111111
Coenagrionidae1111111101010011
Corduliidae1101110001111111
Corixidae1001111000000100
Corydalidae0000000001000000
Culicidae1111111001101111
Curculionidae0101110100000010
Dixidae0000000000000001
Dolichopodidae0000000000101100
Dryopidae1000000000000000
Dytiscidae1111110101001110
Elmidae1001100001111111
Empididae0100000000000111
Ephemeridae0001000000000000
Gelastocoridae0000000000001000
Gerridae1001011001000000
Glossosomatidae0001000000100010
Gomphidae1101111111111111
Gripopterygidae0000000001001000
Gryllidae0000000000010000
Gyrinidae1101110001001111
Haliplidae1101000000000000
Hebridae0001000100000010
Helicopsychidae0000000001101111
Hydrobiosidae0001100101000001
Hydrometridae0000000000000010
Hydrophilidae1101111101110111
Hydropsychidae0001010001110111
Hydroptilidae0001100001100011
Isotomidae0000000000001101
Lampyridae0100011000000010
Leptoceridae0111111101111111
Leptohyphidae0000000001101011
Leptophlebiidae1101110101101110
Lestidae1000000001000000
Libellulidae1111111011111111
Limnephilidae1000111001001000
Limnichidae0000000001000000
Limnichidae0000110000000000
Macromiidae0010000000000010
Mesoveliidae1001000001000110
Naucoridae0001100101111111
Nepidae0001110100001011
Noteridae1101100101000010
Notonectidae1111111101100111
Odontoceridae0000000001000000
Perlidae0000000001000000
Pleidae1001010001000010
Polycentropodidae1001111001001011
Polymirtacyidae0000010000000000
Protoneuridae1101111001100011
Psephenidae0000000001000000
Psychodidae0001000001111101
Pyralidae0101110101101111
Scarabaeidae0000000000101101
Sciomyzidae0000000000000100
Simuliidae0000000001001101
Staphylinidae1000000000101110
Stratiomydae0111000000011011
Syrphidae0000000000010001
Tabanidae1101111001000110
Tipulidae0000111001111101
Tridactlidae0000000000000001
Veliidae0011010101100101
Arthropoda/Crustacea 2212222200201111
CrustaceaNI *1111111100101111
Palaemonidae1101111100100000
Mollusca 3434605412648554
Ampullaridae0011101000000000
Ancylidae0000100000101100
Corbiculidae0000001100101111
Hydrobiidae0000100000111000
Hyriidae0000001000001000
Physidae1111101010111111
Planorbidae1101100101011010
Sphaeriidae0100000100101111
Thiaridae1111101101111111
Platyhelminthes 0000100000000000
* Not identified

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aguila, G.E.N.; Pujoni, D.G.F.; Marques, M.M.; Santos, L.G.C.; Dornelas, N.M.d.L.; Andrade, K.; Monteiro, I.M.; Maia-Barbosa, P.M.; Barbosa, F.A.R. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity in the Middle Doce River Basin, Brazil. Data 2018, 3, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020017

AMA Style

Aguila GEN, Pujoni DGF, Marques MM, Santos LGC, Dornelas NMdL, Andrade K, Monteiro IM, Maia-Barbosa PM, Barbosa FAR. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity in the Middle Doce River Basin, Brazil. Data. 2018; 3(2):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020017

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Aguila, Gabriel Estevão Nogueira, Diego Guimarães Florencio Pujoni, Maria Margarida Marques, Liss Gato Cupertino Santos, Natália Murta de Lima Dornelas, Karine Andrade, Ivan Menezes Monteiro, Paulina Maria Maia-Barbosa, and Francisco Antônio Rodrigues Barbosa. 2018. "Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity in the Middle Doce River Basin, Brazil" Data 3, no. 2: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020017

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