An Evidence-Based Rapid Review of Surgical Techniques for Correction of Prolapsed Nictitans Glands in Dogs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Application of Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.5. Data Extraction
2.6. Study Design
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Techniques Identified
3.1.1. Techniques Involving Fixing the Gland to the Third Eyelid
3.1.2. Techniques Involving Fixing the Gland to Other Ocular or Adnexal Structures
3.1.3. Combination of Techniques
3.1.4. Excision
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.2.1. Design and Sampling
3.2.2. Reporting
3.3. Study Outcomes
3.3.1. Surgical Failure
3.3.2. Complications
3.3.3. Lacrimal Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Publication | Procedure(s) | Study Design | Patient Source and Selection Method |
---|---|---|---|
Arora et al., 2014 [39] | Gland excision | Case series | NR |
Chaudery et al., 2009 [28] | Morgan pocket | Case series | R |
Dehghan et al., 2012 [17] | Morgan pocket | Case series | NR |
Dugan et al., 1992 [37] | 1. Periosteal anchor 2. Gland excision | Crossover trial | NA |
Gupta et al., 2016 [29] | 1. Gland excision 2. Periosteal anchor 3. Morgan pocket | Case series | NR |
Kaswan and Martin, 1985 [36] | Periosteal anchor | Case series | NR |
Kelawala et al., 2016 [30] | Morgan pocket | Case series | NR |
Mazzucchelli et al., 2012 [31] | Morgan pocket | Retrospective case series/prevalence study | R |
Morgan et al., 1993 [27] | 1. Inferior scleral anchor 2. Gland excision 3. Morgan pocket | Retrospective case series with cohort analysis | R |
Multari et al., 2016 [32] | 1. Morgan pocket 2. Morgan pocket combined with periosteal anchor | Retrospective case series with cohort analysis | R |
Plummer et al., 2008 [14] | Intranictitans tack | Prospective case series | NR |
Prémont et al., 2012 [38] | Perilimbal pocket | Prospective case series | PR |
Sapienza et al., 2014 [11] | Ventral rectus anchor | Retrospective case series | R |
Sarma, 2010 [40] | Gland excision | Case series | NR |
Vani and Lakshmi, 2016 [33] | Morgan pocket | Case series | NR |
Publication | Follow-Up Time | Surgical Failure (Reprolapse) | Surgical Failure (Reprolapse) by Breed | STT | KCS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arora et al. [39] | NR | NA | NA | NR | NR |
Chaudery et al. [28] | R (3–4 months) | PR 4 | NR | NR | NR |
Dehghan et al. [17] | R (≥6 months) | R | NR | NR | R |
Dugan et al. [37] | R (24 weeks) | R | NA 6 | R | NR |
Gupta et al. [29] | PR (≤3 years) | Unclear 5 | NR | PR 10 | R |
Kaswan and Martin [36] | NR | PR 4 | NR | NR | NR |
Kelawala et al. [30] | R (1 month) | R | NR | NR | NR |
Mazzucchelli et al. [31] | R (≥1 year 1) | R | PR 7 | NR | R |
Morgan et al. [27] | PR (33/89 ≥ 2 years) | R | NR | NR | PR 11 |
Multari et al. [32] | NR | R | PR 8 | NR | NR |
Plummer et al. [14] | R (0.5–33 months 2) | R | R | R | NR |
Prémont et al. [38] | R (2–62 months 3) | R | R | R | R |
Sapienza et al. [11] | R (≥1 year 1) | R | NA 9 | NR | R |
Sarma [40] | NR | NA | NA | NR | NR |
Vani and Lakshmi [33] | R (6 months) | R | NA 9 | NR | NR |
Procedure | Publication | Preoperative Steroid | Postoperative Steroid | Surgery Notes | Operated Eyes | Reprolapse | Reprolapse (%) | 95% CI 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morgan pocket | Chaudery et al. [28] | Yes | Yes | 2-layer closure 5–0 Vicryl Cartilage excision NR | 24 | 2 3 | 8.3 | 2.3–25.8 |
Dehghan et al. [17] | NR | No | 2-layer closure 6–0 to 7–0 PDS or Vicryl Cartilage excision NR | 38 | 1 | 2.6 | 0–13.5 | |
Gupta et al. [29] | NR | Yes | 2-layer closure 6–0 Vicryl Cartilage excision NR | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0–49.0 | |
Kelawala et al. [30] | Yes | Yes | 1-layer closure 5–0 Vicryl Cartilage excision NR | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0–20.4 | |
Mazzucchelli et al. [31] | NR | NR | NR | 144 | 18 | 12.5 | 8.1–18.9 | |
Morgan et al. [27] | NR | NR | 1- or 2-layer closure 5–0 Dexon or 6–0 Vicryl Cartilage excision NR | 18 | 1 2 | 5.9 | 1–27.0 | |
Multari et al. [32] | NR | No | Conjunctivectomy 1-layer closure 5–0 Monosyn Cartilage excised if everted | 234 | 12 | 5.1 | 3.0–8.7 | |
Vani and Lakshmi [33] | NR | No | 1-layer closure 3–0 catgut Cartilage excision NR | 2 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.0–65.8 | |
Periosteal anchor | Dugan et al. [37] | NR | Yes | 3–0 Ethilon | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0–32.4 |
Kaswan and Martin [36] | NR | Yes | 3–0 monofilament | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0–32.4 | |
Gupta et al. [29] | NR | Yes | 3–0 Prolene | 4 | 1 4 | 25.0 | 4.6–70.0 | |
Inferior scleral anchor | Morgan et al. [27] | NR | NR | 4–0 silk | 51 | 30 | 58.9 | 45.2–71.2 |
Morgan pocket with periosteal anchor | Multari et al. [32] | NR | No | 3–0 to 1 nylon for periosteum Cartilage excised if everted | 186 | 9 | 4.8 | 2.6–8.9 |
Intranictitans tack | Plummer et al. [14] | Yes | Yes (6–8 weeks) | 4–0 nylon Cartilage excised subsequently on one patient who developed eversion | 15 | 1 | 6.7 | 1.2–29.8 |
Perilimbal pocket | Prémont et al. [38] | Yes in some | No | 6–0 braided Vicryl Cartilage excised if everted | 44 | 4 | 9.1 | 3.6–21.2 |
Ventral rectus anchor | Sapienza et al. [11] | NR | No | 5–0 Ethilon Cartilage excised routinely | 122 | 0 | 0.0 | 0–3.1 |
Publication | STT-1 Data | Procedure | Eyes | Follow-Up | Statistics Method | Preoperative STT-1 mm | Postoperative STT-1 mm | Mean Difference (mm) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dugan et al. [37] | Mean difference 1 | Excision (group 1) | 3 | 15 weeks | Repeat measures ANOVA | NR | NR | −2.0 | <0.01 |
Excision (group 2) | 3 | 24 weeks | NR | NR | −1.6 | <0.001 | |||
Excision (group 3) | 3 | 15 weeks | NR | NR | −1.1 | <0.01 | |||
Periosteal anchor | 6 | 8 weeks | NR | NR | −0.7 | NR | |||
Periosteal anchor | 3 | 16 weeks | NR | NR | −0.8 | NR | |||
Plummer et al. [14] | Raw data | Intranictitans tack | 11 | NR | None | 18.5 ± 3.1 2 | 21.2 ± 3.7 2 | 2.7 | 0.1454 2 |
Prémont et al. [38] | Least square means 3 | Perilimbal pocket | 19 | 5.5 months median range 0.5–48 mo. | Linear mixed model | 19.6 ± 1.1 | 23.7 ± 1.1 | 4.1 | 0.003 |
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White, C.; Brennan, M.L. An Evidence-Based Rapid Review of Surgical Techniques for Correction of Prolapsed Nictitans Glands in Dogs. Vet. Sci. 2018, 5, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5030075
White C, Brennan ML. An Evidence-Based Rapid Review of Surgical Techniques for Correction of Prolapsed Nictitans Glands in Dogs. Veterinary Sciences. 2018; 5(3):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5030075
Chicago/Turabian StyleWhite, Constance, and Marnie L. Brennan. 2018. "An Evidence-Based Rapid Review of Surgical Techniques for Correction of Prolapsed Nictitans Glands in Dogs" Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 3: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5030075