Self-Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Reversible Physical Interactions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Characterization of the Self-Healing Behavior
- Visual observation. Freshly cut or damaged pieces of a hydrogel are brought in contact and their rejoining to form a uniform gel is followed both visually and using a simple qualitative mechanical deformation, that is, stretching or bending the sample. Examples are shown in Figure 1 and in several figures below. Visual observation can be accompanied by microscopic imaging techniques (confocal, scanning electron microscopy SEM) to reveal the micro- or nanoscale structure recovery.
- Oscillatory rheology: Step strain measurement. After determining the yield stress/strain and the recovery time of the gel sample, the gel will be exposed to strain that alternates periodically between low (structure conservation or recovery) and high values (structure breaking) at constant oscillation frequency. This test allows for the quantitative determination of equilibrium moduli and the extent of structure recovery (recovery rate). Several examples of step strain tests will be shown in Section 3.
- Cyclic compression/tensile testing. Self-healing of hydrogels can be tested by cyclic compression or tensile tests, each cycle followed by a recovery period. The changes in stress/strain curves and fracture point or in initial compressive modulus give information on the recovery of ruptured crosslinks. Tensile tests can be used to quantify the self-healing efficiency after joining the fractured surfaces of a ruptured hydrogel by comparing the elongation at break for an intact and re-joint hydrogel. Figure 2 shows an example of a compression test of a physically crosslinked hydrogel and a hybrid gel with combined chemical and physical crosslinking, as well as the compression and elongation curves for a physically crosslinked gel (no chemical crosslinker). Here, the nominal stress σnom is the force per cross-sectional area of the un-deformed gel specimen and the strain is represented by λ, the deformation ratio (deformed length/initial length). The hysteresis in the compression and elongation curves indicates the decreased number of crosslinks and thus, reduced structure recovery over the deformation cycles [72].
3. Preparation Strategies
3.1. Hydrophobic Interactions
3.2. Host-Guest Interactions
3.2.1. Cyclodextrins
3.2.2. Cucurbit[n]urils
3.3. Hydrogen Bonding
3.4. Ionic Interactions
3.5. Polymer-Nanocomposite Interactions
3.6. Other Crosslinking Mechanisms: Crystallization, Transient Protein Interactions
4. Potential Applications
5. Future Prospects and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Ad | adamantane |
AdCANa | sodium adamantanecarboxylate |
AAm | acrylamide |
AAZ | carboxybetaine acrylate |
Alg | alginate |
ASAP | sodium polyacrylate |
CB[n] | cucurbit[n]uril, n = number of glycouril units |
CBMAA-3 | (3-methacryloylaminopropyl)-(2-carboxyethyl)dimethylammonium-(carboxybetaine methacrylamide) |
CD | cyclodextrin |
Chol | cholesterol |
CNS | clay nanosheets |
DMAEMA | 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate |
DMAPS | 3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate |
CTAB | cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide |
DMA | N,N′-dimethylacrylamide |
DODAB | dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide |
EE | enteric elastomer |
EPC | endothelial progenitor cell |
Fc | ferrocene |
G′ | storage modulus |
G″ | loss modulus |
GO | graphene oxide |
HA | hyaluronic acid |
HEC | hydroxyethyl cellulose |
HEMA | 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate |
MEO2MA | 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate |
MSC | mesenchymal stem cell |
MV | methylviologen |
NFC | nanofibrillar cellulose |
NIPAAm | N-isopropylacrylamide |
Np | naphthyl |
PA6ACA | poly(6-acryloyl-6-aminocaproic acid) |
PAAc | poly(acrylic acid) |
PEG | poly(ethylene glycol) |
PLGA | poly(L-glutamic acid) |
PPG | poly(propylene glycol) |
PVA | poly(vinyl alcohol) |
RGD | arginine-glycine-aspartic acid |
SCMHBMA | 2-(3-(6-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)ureido)ethyl methacrylate |
SDS | sodium dodecyl sulfate |
SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
STMV | methyl viologen-functionalized cationic polystyrene |
UPy | 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone |
References
- Almdal, K.; Dyre, J.; Hvidt, S.; Kramer, O. Towards a phenomenological definition of the term “Gel”. Polym. Gels Netw. 1993, 1, 5–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Flory, P.J. Introductory lecture. Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 1974, 57, 7–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raghavan, S.R.; Douglas, J.F. The conundrum of gel formation by molecular nanofibers, wormlike micelles, and filamentous proteins: Gelation without cross-links? Soft Matter 2012, 8, 8539–8546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ito, K. Slide-ring materials using topological supramolecular architecture. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2010, 14, 28–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peppas, N.A.; Hilt, J.Z.; Khademhosseini, A.; Langer, R. Hydrogels in biology and medicine: From molecular principles to bionanotechnology. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 1345–1360. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Billiet, T.; Vandenhaute, M.; Schelfhout, J.; Van Vlierberghe, S.; Dubruel, P. A review of trends and limitations in hydrogel-rapid prototyping for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012, 33, 6020–6041. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hoffmann, A.S. Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2012, 64, 18–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, Q.V.; Huynh, D.P.; Park, J.H.; Lee, D.S. Injectable polymeric hydrogels for the delivery of therapeutic agents: A review. Eur. Polym. J. 2015, 72, 602–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Calo, E.; Khutoryanskiy, V.V. Biomedical applications of hydrogels: A review of patents and commercial products. Eur. Polym. J. 2015, 65, 252–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buwalda, S.J.; Boere, K.W.M.; Dijkstra, P.J.; Feijen, J.; Vermonden, T.; Hennink, W.E. Hydrogels in a historical perspective: From simple networks to smart materials. J. Control. Release 2014, 190, 254–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kopecek, J. Hydrogels: From soft contact lenses and implants to self-assembled nanomaterials. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 5929–5946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bartnikowski, M.; Wellard, R.M.; Woodruff, M.; Klein, T. Tailoring hydrogel viscoelasticity with physical and chemical crosslinking. Polymers 2015, 7, 2650–2669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lim, H.L.; Hwang, Y.; Kar, M.; Varghese, S. Smart hydrogels as functional biomimetic systems. Biomater. Sci. 2014, 2, 603–618. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Richter, A.; Paschew, G.; Klatt, S.; Lienig, J.; Arndt, K.F.; Adler, H.J.P. Review on Hydrogel-based pH sensors and microsensors. Sensors 2008, 8, 561–581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deligkaris, K.; Tadele, T.S.; Olthuis, W.; van den Berg, A. Hydrogel-based devices for biomedical applications. Sens. Actuator B Chem. 2010, 147, 765–774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mateescu, A.; Wang, Y.; Dostalek, J.; Jonas, U. Thin hydrogel films for optical biosensor applications. Membranes 2012, 2, 40–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yetisen, A.K.; Butt, H.; Volpatti, L.R.; Pavlichenko, I.; Humar, M.; Kwok, S.J.J.; Koo, H.; Kim, K.S.; Naydenova, I.; Khademhosseini, A.; et al. Photonic hydrogel sensors. Biotechnol. Adv. 2015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ionov, L. Hydrogel-based actuators: Possibilities and limitations. Mater. Today 2014, 17, 494–503. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carpi, F.; Smela, E. Biomedical Applications of Electroactive Polymer Actuators; John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK, 2009; pp. 5–100. [Google Scholar]
- Morais, J.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F.; Burgess, D. Biomaterials/Tissue interactions: Possible solutions to overcome foreign body response. AAPS J. 2010, 12, 188–196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Campoccia, D.; Montanaro, L.; Arciola, C.R. A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces. Biomaterials 2013, 34, 8533–8554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cavallaro, A.; Taheri, S.; Vasilev, K. Responsive and “smart” antibacterial surfaces: Common approaches and new developments. Biointerphases 2014, 9, 029005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Boateng, J.S.; Matthews, K.H.; Stevens, H.N.E.; Eccleston, G.M. Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: A review. J. Pharm. Sci. 2008, 97, 2892–2923. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Madaghiele, M.; Demitri, C.; Sannino, A.; Ambrosio, L. Polymeric hydrogels for burn wound care: Advanced skin wound dressings and regenerative templates. Burns Trauma 2014, 2, 153–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghobril, C.; Grinstaff, M.W. The chemistry and engineering of polymeric hydrogel adhesives for wound closure: A tutorial. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 1820–1835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kabiri, K.; Omidian, H.; Zohuriaan-Mehr, M.J.; Doroudiani, S. Superabsorbent hydrogel composites and nanocomposites: A review. Polym. Comp. 2011, 32, 277–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, J. Microfluidic-based synthesis of hydrogel particles for cell microencapsulation and cell-based drug delivery. Polymers 2012, 4, 1084–1108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Olabisi, R.M. Cell microencapsulation with synthetic polymers. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 2015, 103, 846–859. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, C.; Varshney, R.; Wang, D.A. Therapeutic cell delivery and fate control in hydrogels and hydrogel hybrids. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2010, 62, 699–710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kearney, C.J.; Mooney, D.J. Macroscale delivery systems for molecular and cellular payloads. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 1004–1017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nicolson, P.C.; Vogt, J. Soft contact lens polymers: An evolution. Biomaterials 2001, 22, 3273–3283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rubinstein, M.P. Applications of contact lens devices in the management of corneal disease. Eye 2003, 17, 872–876. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xinming, L.; Yingde, C.; Lloyd, A.W.; Mikhalovsky, S.V.; Sandeman, S.R.; Howel, C.A.; Liewen, L. Polymeric hydrogels for novel contact lens-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems: A review. Contact Lens Anterior Eye 2008, 31, 57–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kharkar, P.M.; Kiick, K.L.; Kloxin, A.M. Designing degradable hydrogels for orthogonal control of cell microenvironments. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 7335–7372. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gibbs, D.M.R.; Black, C.R.M.; Dawson, J.I.; Oreffo, R.O.C. A review of hydrogel use in fracture healing and bone regeneration. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hastings, C.L.; Roche, E.T.; Ruiz-Hernandez, E.; Schenke-Layland, K.; Walsh, C.J.; Duffy, G.P. Drug and cell delivery for cardiac regeneration. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2015, 84, 85–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Muehleder, S.; Ovsianikov, A.; Zipperle, J.; Redl, H.; Holnthoner, W. Connections matter: Channeled hydrogels to improve vascularization. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2014, 2, 1–7. [Google Scholar]
- Ligoure, C.; Mora, S. Fractures in complex fluids: The case of transient networks. Rheol. Acta 2013, 52, 91–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia, S.J. Effect of polymer architecture on the intrinsic self-healing character of polymers. Eur. Polym. J. 2014, 53, 118–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, Z.; Yang, J.H.; Zhou, J.; Xu, F.; Zrinyi, M.; Dussault, P.H.; Osada, Y.; Chen, Y.M. Self-healing gels based on constitutional dynamic chemistry and their potential applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 8114–8131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, Y.; Ding, X.; Urban, M.W. Chemical and physical aspects of self-healing materials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2015, 49–50, 34–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, X.; Yu, H.; Wang, L.; Tong, R.; Akram, M.; Chen, Y.; Zhai, X. Self-healing polymer materials constructed by macrocycle-based host-guest interactions. Soft Matter 2015, 11, 1242–1252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Herbst, F.; Döhler, D.; Michael, P.; Binder, W.H. Self-healing polymers via supramolecular forces. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2013, 34, 203–220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dong, R.; Pang, Y.; Su, Y.; Zhu, X. Supramolecular hydrogels: Synthesis, properties and their biomedical applications. Biomater. Sci. 2015, 3, 937–954. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- An, S.Y.; Arunbabu, D.; Noh, S.M.; Song, Y.K.; Oh, J.K. Recent strategies to develop self-healable crosslinked polymeric networks. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 13058–13070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sanyal, A. Diels-Alder cycloaddition-cycloreversion: A powerful combo in materials design. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2010, 211, 1417–1425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gandini, A. The furan/maleimide Diels-Alder reaction: A versatile click-unclick tool in macromolecular synthesis. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2013, 38, 1–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.L.; Chuo, T.W. Self-healing polymers based on thermally reversible Diels-Alder chemistry. Polym. Chem. 2013, 4, 2194–2205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, Z.; Yang, J.H.; Du, X.J.; Xu, F.; Zrinyi, M.; Osada, Y.; Li, F.; Chen, Y.M. Dextran-based self-healing hydrogels formed by reversible Diels-Alder reaction under physiological conditions. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2013, 34, 1464–1470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, F.; Cao, X.; Du, J.; Wang, G.; Chen, X. Multifunctional hydrogel with good structure integrity, self-healing, and tissue-adhesive property formed by combining Diels-Alder click reaction and acylhydrazone bond. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 24023–24031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gyarmati, B.; Némethy, Á.; Szilágyi, A. Reversible disulphide formation in polymer networks: A versatile functional group from synthesis to applications. Eur. Polym. J. 2013, 49, 1268–1286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deng, G.; Li, F.; Yu, H.; Liu, F.; Liu, C.; Sun, W.; Jiang, H.; Chen, Y. Dynamic hydrogels with an environmental adaptive self-healing ability and dual responsive sol–gel transitions. ACS Macro Lett. 2012, 1, 275–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Casuso, P.; Odriozola, I.; Pérez-San Vicente, A.; Loinaz, I.; Cabañero, G.; Grande, H.J.; Dupin, D. Injectable and self-healing dynamic hydrogels based on metal(I)-thiolate/disulfide exchange as biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties. Biomacromolecules 2015, 16, 3552–3561. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Haldar, U.; Bauri, K.; Li, R.; Faust, R.; De, P. Polyisobutylene-based pH-responsive self-healing polymeric gels. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 8779–8788. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Y.; Tao, L.; Li, S.; Wei, Y. Synthesis of multiresponsive and dynamic chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled release of bioactive molecules. Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 2894–2901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mukherjee, S.; Hill, M.R.; Sumerlin, B.S. Self-healing hydrogels containing reversible oxime crosslinks. Soft Matter 2015, 11, 6152–6161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fiore, G.L.; Rowan, S.J.; Weder, C. Optically healable polymers. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 7278–7288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Amamoto, Y.; Kamada, J.; Otsuka, H.; Takahara, A.; Matyjaszewski, K. Repeatable photoinduced self-healing of covalently cross-linked polymers through reshuffling of trithiocarbonate units. Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 1698–1701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Imato, K.; Nishihara, M.; Kanehara, T.; Amamoto, Y.; Takahara, A.; Otsuka, H. Self-healing of chemical gels cross-linked by diarylbibenzofuranone-based trigger-free dynamic covalent bonds at room temperature. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1138–1142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Roberts, M.C.; Hanson, M.C.; Massey, A.P.; Karren, E.A.; Kiser, P.F. Dynamically restructuring hydrogel networks formed with reversible covalent crosslinks. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 2503–2507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, L.; Fullenkamp, D.E.; Rivera, J.G.; Messersmith, P.B. pH responsive self-healing hydrogels formed by boronate-catechol complexation. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 7497–7499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Deng, C.C.; Brooks, W.L.A.; Abboud, K.A.; Sumerlin, B.S. Boronic acid-based hydrogels undergo self-healing at neutral and acidic pH. ACS Macro Lett. 2015, 4, 220–224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jia, Y.-G.; Zhu, X.X. Self-healing supramolecular hydrogel made of polymers bearing cholic acid and β-cyclodextrin pendants. Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 387–393. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hillewaere, X.K.D.; Du Prez, F.E. Fifteen chemistries for autonomous external self-healing polymers and composites. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2015, 49–50, 121–153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roy, N.; Bruchmann, B.; Lehn, J.-M. DYNAMERS: Dynamic polymers as self-healing materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 3786–3807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Y.; Barboiu, M. Constitutional dynamic materials—Toward natural selection of function. Chem. Rev. 2015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Krogsgaard, M.; Nue, V.; Birkedal, H. Mussel-inspired materials: Self-healing through coordination chemistry. Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 844–857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, H.; Heilshorn, S.C. Adaptable hydrogel networks with reversible linkages for tissue engineering. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 3717–3736. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stukalin, E.B.; Cai, L.-H.; Kumar, N.A.; Leibler, L.; Rubinstein, M. Self-healing of unentangled polymer networks with reversible bonds. Macromolecules 2013, 46, 7525–7541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ahmadi, M.; Hawke, L.G.D.; Goldansaz, H.; van Ruymbeke, E. Dynamics of entangled linear supramolecular chains with sticky side groups: Influence of hindered fluctuations. Macromolecules 2015, 48, 7300–7310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hackelbusch, S.; Rossow, T.; van Assenbergh, P.; Seiffert, S. Chain dynamics in supramolecular polymer networks. Macromolecules 2013, 46, 6273–6286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tuncaboylu, D.C.; Argun, A.; Algi, M.P.; Okay, O. Autonomic self-healing in covalently crosslinked hydrogels containing hydrophobic domains. Polymer 2013, 54, 6381–6388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, H.; Xia, H.; Zhao, Y. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel can autonomously self-heal. ACS Macro Lett. 2012, 1, 1233–1236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cui, W.; Ji, J.; Cai, Y.-F.; Li, H.; Ran, R. Robust, anti-fatigue, and self-healing graphene oxide/hydrophobically associated composite hydrogels and their use as recyclable adsorbents for dye wastewater treatment. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 17445–17458. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berne, B.J.; Weeks, J.D.; Zhou, R. Dewetting and hydrophobic interaction in physical and biological systems. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2009, 60, 85–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Otto, S.; Engberts, J.B.F.N. Hydrophobic interactions and chemical reactivity. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 2809–2820. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Winnik, M.A.; Yekta, A. Associative polymers in aqueous solution. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 1997, 2, 424–436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chassenieux, C.; Nicolai, T.; Benyahia, L. Rheology of associative polymer solutions. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 16, 18–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hietala, S.; Strandman, S.; Järvi, P.; Torkkeli, M.; Jankova, K.; Hvilsted, S.; Tenhu, H. Rheological properties of associative star polymers in aqueous solutions: Effect of hydrophobe length and polymer topology. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 1726–1732. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gulyuz, U.; Okay, O. Self-healing poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels with shape memory behavior of high mechanical strength. Macromolecules 2014, 47, 6889–6899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tuncaboylu, D.C.; Sari, M.; Oppermann, W.; Okay, O. Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels Formed via Hydrophobic Interactions. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 4997–5005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akay, G.; Hassan-Raeisi, A.; Tuncaboylu, D.C.; Orakdogen, N.; Abdurrahmanoglu, S.; Oppermann, W.; Okay, O. Self-healing hydrogels formed in catanionic surfactant solutions. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 2254–2261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Algi, M.P.; Okay, O. Highly stretchable self-healing poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels. Eur. Polym. J. 2014, 59, 113–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gulyuz, U.; Okay, O. Self-healing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. Eur. Polym. J. 2015, 72, 12–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, G.; Liu, C.; Liu, X.; Zhang, G.; Yang, M.; Chen, Q.; Liu, F. Self-healing Mechanism and Mechanical Behavior of Hydrophobic Association Hydrogels with High Mechanical Strength. J. Macromol. Sci. A 2010, 47, 335–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, H.-I.; Yeh, M.-K. Clinical development of liposome-based drugs: Formulation, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy. Int. J. Nanomed. 2012, 7, 49–60. [Google Scholar]
- Rao, Z.; Inoue, M.; Matsuda, M.; Taguchi, T. Quick self-healing and thermo-reversible liposome gel. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2011, 82, 196–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wei, P.; Yan, X.; Huang, F. Supramolecular polymers constructed by orthogonal self-assembly based on host-guest and metal-ligand interactions. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 815–832. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Harada, A.; Takashima, Y.; Nakahata, M. Supramolecular Polymeric Materials via Cyclodextrin-Guest Interactions. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 2128–2140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schneider, H.-J.; Yatsimirsky, A.K. Selectivity in supramolecular host-guest complexes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 263–277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schmidtchen, F.P. Reflections on the construction of anion receptors: Is there a sign to resign from design? Coord. Chem. Rev. 2006, 250, 2918–2928. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gokel, G.W.; Leevy, W.M.; Weber, M.E. Crown Ethers: Sensors for Ions and Molecular Scaffolds for Materials and Biological Models. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2723–2750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Späth, A.; König, B. Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 32, 1–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zeng, F.; Han, Y.; Yan, Z.-C.; Liu, C.-Y.; Chen, C.-F. Supramolecular polymer gel with multi stimuli responsive, self-healing and erasable properties generated by host-guest interactions. Polymer 2013, 54, 6929–6935. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, M.; Xu, D.; Yan, X.; Chen, J.; Dong, S.; Zheng, B.; Huang, F. Self-Healing Supramolecular Gels Formed by Crown Ether Based-Guest Interactions. Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 7117–7121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Folch-Cano, C.; Yazdani-Pedram, M.; Claudio Olea-Azar, C. Inclusion and Functionalization of Polymers with Cyclodextrins: Current Applications and Future Prospects. Molecules 2014, 19, 14066–14079. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tan, S.; Ladewig, K.; Fu, Q.; Blencowe, A.; Qiao, G.G. Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Assemblies and Hydrogels: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2014, 35, 1166–1184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Harada, A.; Hashidzume, A.; Yamaguchi, H.; Takashima, Y. Polymeric Rotaxanes. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 5974–6023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nakahata, M.; Takashima, Y.; Yamaguchi, H.; Harada, A. Redox-responsive self-healing materials formed from host-guest polymers. Nat. Commun. 2011, 2, 511–516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yan, Q.; Feng, A.; Zhang, H.; Yin, Y.; Yuan, J. Redox-switchable supramolecular polymers for responsive self-healing nanofibers in water. Polym. Chem. 2013, 4, 1216–1220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.-F.; Zhang, D.-L.; Zhou, T.; Zhang, H.-S.; Zhang, W.-Z.; Luo, L.; Zhang, A.-M.; Li, B.-J.; Zhang, S. A reversible functional supramolecular material formed by host-guest inclusion. Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 2922–2927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chuo, T.-W.; Wei, T.-C.; Liu, Y.-L. Electrically driven self-healing polymers based on reversible guest-host complexation of β-cyclodextrin and ferrocene. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3395–3403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, C.; Wang, C.-F.; Chen, S. Robust Self-Healing Host-Guest Gels from Magnetocaloric Radical Polymerization. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 1235–1242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, H.; Ma, X.; Wu, S.; Tian, H. A Rapidly Self-Healing Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogel with Photostimulated Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Responsiveness. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 14149–14152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Y.H.; Zhu, X.X. Polymers made from cholic acid derivatives: Selected properties. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3473–3482. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Le Dévédec, F.; Fuentealba, D.; Strandman, S.; Bohne, C.; Zhu, X.X. Aggregation Behavior of Pegylated Bile Acid Derivatives. Langmuir 2012, 28, 13431–13440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shao, Y.; Jia, Y.-G.; Shi, C.; Luo, J.; Zhu, X.X. Block and Random Copolymers Bearing Cholic Acid and Oligo(ethylene glycol) Pendant Groups: Aggregation, Thermosensitivity, and Drug Loading. Biomacromolecules 2014, 15, 1837–1844. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Strandman, S.; Zhu, X.X. Biodegradable Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications. In Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications; Yahia, L.H., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2015; Volume Chapter 11, pp. 219–245. [Google Scholar]
- Jia, Y.-G.; Zhu, X.X. Thermoresponsiveness of Copolymers Bearing Cholic Acid Pendants Induced by Complexation with β-Cyclodextrin. Langmuir 2014, 30, 11770–11775. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, G.; Wu, J.; Wang, B.; Yan, S.; Zhang, K.; Ding, J.; Yin, J. Self-Healing Supramolecular Self-Assembled Hydrogels Based on Poly(l-glutamic acid). Biomacromolecules 2015, 16, 3508–3518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miao, T.; Fenn, S.L.; Charron, P.N.; Oldinski, R.A. Self-Healing and Thermoresponsive Dual-Cross-Linked Alginate Hydrogels Based on Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes. Biomacromolecules 2015, 16, 3740–3750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nakahata, M.; Takashima, Y.; Harada, A. Highly Flexible, Tough, and Self-Healing Supramolecular Polymeric Materials Using Host-Guest Interaction. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2016, 37, 86–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miyamae, K.; Nakahata, M.; Takashima, Y.; Harada, A. Self-Healing, Expansion-Contraction, and Shape-Memory Properties of a Preorganized Supramolecular Hydrogel through Host-Guest Interactions. Angew. Chem. 2015, 127, 9112–9115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kakuta, T.; Takashima, Y.; Nakahata, M.; Otsubo, M.; Yamaguchi, H.; Harada, A. Preorganized Hydrogel: Self-Healing Properties of Supramolecular Hydrogels Formed by Polymerization of Host-Guest-Monomers that Contain Cyclodextrins and Hydrophobic Guest Groups. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2849–2853. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barrow, S.J.; Kasera, S.; Rowland, M.J.; del Barrio, J.; Scherman, O.A. Cucurbituril-Based Molecular Recognition. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 12320–12406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rauwald, U.; Scherman, O.A. Supramolecular Block Copolymers with Cucurbit[8]uril in Water. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3950–3953. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rauwald, U.; Biedermann, F.; Deroo, S.; Robinson, C.V.; Scherman, O.A. Correlating Solution Binding and ESI-MS Stabilities by Incorporating Solvation Effects in a Confined Cucurbit[8]uril System. J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, 114, 8606–8615. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, K.; Selvapalam, N.; Ko, Y.H.; Park, K.M.; Kim, D.; Kim, J. Functionalized cucurbiturils and their applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2007, 36, 267–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Assaf, K.I.; Nau, W.M. Cucurbiturils: From synthesis to high-affinity binding and catalysis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 394–418. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Appel, E.A.; Biedermann, F.; Rauwald, U.; Jones, S.T.; Zayed, J.M.; Scherman, O.A. Supramolecular Cross-Linked Networks via Host-Guest Complexation with Cucurbit[8]uril. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 14251–14260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Appel, E.A.; Loh, X.J.; Jones, S.T.; Biedermann, F.; Dreiss, C.A.; Scherman, O.A. Ultrahigh-Water-Content Supramolecular Hydrogels Exhibiting Multistimuli Responsiveness. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 11767–11773. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Janeček, E.-R.; McKee, J.R.; Tan, C.S.Y.; Nykänen, A.; Kettunen, M.; Laine, J.; Ikkala, O.; Scherman, O.A. Hybrid Supramolecular and Colloidal Hydrogels that Bridge Multiple Length Scales. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 5383–5388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xiao, X.; Sun, N.; Qi, D.; Jiang, J. Unprecedented cucurbituril-based ternary host-guest supramolecular polymers mediated through included alkyl chains. Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 5211–5217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kulkarni, S.G.; Prucková, Z.; Rouchal, M.; Dastychová, L.; Vícha, R. Adamantylated trisimidazolium-based tritopic guests and their binding properties towards cucurbit[7]uril and β-cyclodextrin. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 2015, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Walsh, Z.; Janeček, E.-R.; Hodgkinson, J.T.; Sedlmair, J.; Koutsioubas, A.; Spring, D.R.; Welch, M.; Hirschmugl, C.J.; Toprakcioglu, C.; Nitschke, J.R.; et al. Multifunctional supramolecular polymer networks as next-generation consolidants for archaeological wood conservation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2014, 111, 17743–17748. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brunsveld, L.; Folmer, B.J.B.; Meijer, E.W.; Sijbesma, R.P. Supramolecular Polymers. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 4071–4098. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chirila, T.V.; Lee, H.H.; Oddon, M.; Nieuwenhuizen, M.M.L.; Blakey, I.; Nicholson, T.M. Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers as self-healing hydrogels: Effect of a bulky adamantyl substituent in the ureido-pyrimidinone monomer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Gemert, G.M.L.; Peeters, J.W.; Söntjens, S.H.M.; Janssen, H.M.; Bosman, A.W. Self-Healing Supramolecular Polymers in Action. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2012, 213, 234–242. [Google Scholar]
- Dankers, P.Y.W.; Hermans, T.M.; Baughman, T.W.; Kamikawa, Y.; Kieltyka, R.E.; Bastings, M.M.C.; Janssen, H.M.; Sommerdijk, N.A.J.M.; Larsen, A.; van Luyn, M.J.A.; et al. Hierarchical Formation of Supramolecular Transient Networks in Water: A Modular Injectable Delivery System. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 2703–2709. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kieltyka, R.E.; Pape, A.C.H.; Albertazzi, L.; Nakano, Y.; Bastings, M.M.C.; Voets, I.K.; Dankers, P.Y.W.; Meijer, E.W. Mesoscale Modulation of Supramolecular Ureidopyrimidinone-Based Poly(ethylene glycol) Transient Networks in Water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 11159–11164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Weiss, R.G.; Terech, P. (Eds.) Molecular Gels. Materials with Self-Assembled Fibrillar Networks; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2006.
- Weiss, R.G. The Past, Present, and Future of Molecular Gels. What Is the Status of the Field, and Where Is It Going? J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 7519–7530. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brizard, A.M.; Stuart, M.C.A.; van Esch, J.H. Self-assembled interpenetrating networks by orthogonal self assembly of surfactants and hydrogelators. Faraday Discuss. 2009, 143, 345–357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Strandman, S.; Le Dévédec, F.; Zhu, X.X. Self-Assembly of Bile Acid–PEG Conjugates in Aqueous Solutions. J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 252–258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cui, J.; Campo, A.D. Multivalent H-bonds for self-healing hydrogels. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 9302–9304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lin, Y.; Li, G. An intermolecular quadruple hydrogen-bonding strategy to fabricate self-healing and highly deformable polyurethane hydrogels. J. Mat. Chem. B 2014, 2, 6878–6885. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Phadke, A.; Zhang, C.; Arman, B.; Hsu, C.-C.; Mashelkar, R.A.; Lele, A.K.; Tauber, M.J.; Arya, G.; Varghese, S. Rapid self-healing hydrogels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 4383–4388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Varghese, S.; Lele, A.; Mashelkar, R. Metal-ion-mediated healing of gels. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2006, 44, 666–670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dai, X.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, L.; Bai, T.; Wang, W.; Cui, Y.; Liu, W. A Mechanically Strong, Highly Stable, Thermoplastic, and Self-Healable Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogel. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 3566–3571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, L.; Brostowitz, N.R.; Cavicchi, K.A.; Weiss, R.A. Perspective: Ionomer Research and Applications. Macromol. React. Eng. 2014, 8, 81–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, X.; Grinstaff, M.W. Ionic Supramolecular Assemblies. Israel J. Chem. 2013, 53, 498–510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, X.; Navailles, L.; Nallet, F.; Grinstaff, M.W. Influence of Phosphonium Alkyl Substituents on the Rheological and Thermal Properties of Phosphonium-PAA-Based Supramolecular Polymeric Assemblies. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 9500–9506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, J.-Y.; Zhao, X.; Illeperuma, W.R.K.; Chaudhuri, O.; Oh, K.H.; Mooney, D.J.; Vlassak, J.J.; Suo, Z. Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels. Nature 2012, 489, 133–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bai, T.; Liu, S.; Sun, F.; Sinclair, A.; Zhang, L.; Shao, Q.; Jiang, S. Zwitterionic fusion in hydrogels and spontaneous and time-independent self-healing under physiological conditions. Biomaterials 2014, 35, 3926–3933. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, H.; Xiong, C.; Tao, Z.; Fan, Y.; Tang, X.; Yang, H. Zwitterionic copolymer-based and hydrogen bonding-strengthened self-healing hydrogel. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 33083–33088. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kostina, N.Y.; Sharifi, S.; de los Santos Pereira, A.; Michalek, J.; Grijpma, D.W.; Rodriguez-Emmenegger, C. Novel antifouling self-healing poly(carboxybetaine methacrylamide-co-HEMA) nanocomposite hydrogels with superior mechanical properties. J. Mater. Chem. B 2013, 1, 5644–5650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haraguchi, K.; Ning, J.; Li, G. Changes in the Properties and Self-Healing Behaviors of Zwitterionic Nanocomposite Gels across Their UCST Transition. Macromol. Symp. 2015, 358, 182–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Q.; Mynar, J.L.; Yoshida, M.; Lee, E.; Lee, M.; Okuro, K.; Kinbara, K.; Aida, T. High-water-content mouldable hydrogels by mixing clay and a dendritic molecular binder. Nature 2010, 463, 339–343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wei, H.; Du, S.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, H.; Chen, C.; Li, Z.; Lin, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Wan, X. Tunable, luminescent, and self-healing hybrid hydrogels of polyoxometalates and triblock copolymers based on electrostatic assembly. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 1447–1450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, L.; Qian, J.; Fan, Y.; Feng, W.; Tao, Z.; Yang, H. A facile CO2 switchable nanocomposite with reversible transition from sol to self-healable hydrogel. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 62229–62234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haraguchi, K.; Uyama, K.; Tanimoto, H. Self-healing in Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2011, 32, 1253–1258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Han, D.; Yan, L. Supramolecular Hydrogel of Chitosan in the Presence of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as 2D Cross-Linkers. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2014, 2, 296–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cong, H.-P.; Wang, P.; Yu, S.-H. Stretchable and Self-Healing Graphene Oxide-Polymer Composite Hydrogels: A Dual-Network Design. Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 3357–3362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guvendiren, M.; Lu, H.D.; Burdick, J.A. Shear-thinning hydrogels for biomedical applications. Soft Matter 2012, 8, 260–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Desai, M.S.; Lee, S.-W. Protein-based functional nanomaterial design for bioengineering applications. WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 2015, 7, 69–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Song, P.A.; Xu, Z.; Guo, Q. Bioinspired Strategy to Reinforce PVA with Improved Toughness and Thermal Properties via Hydrogen-Bond Self-Assembly. ACS Macro Lett. 2013, 2, 1100–1104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, G.; Yan, Q.; Xia, H.; Zhao, Y. Therapeutic-Ultrasound-Triggered Shape Memory of a Melamine-Enhanced Poly(vinyl alcohol) Physical Hydrogel. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 12067–12073. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, G.; Zhang, H.; Fortin, D.; Xia, H.; Zhao, Y. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Poly(ethylene glycol) Double-Network Hydrogel: A General Approach to Shape Memory and Self-Healing Functionalities. Langmuir 2015, 31, 11709–11716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Golinska, M.D.; Włodarczyk-Biegun, M.K.; Werten, M.W.T.; Stuart, M.A.C.; de Wolf, F.A.; de Vries, R. Dilute Self-Healing Hydrogels of Silk-Collagen-Like Block Copolypeptides at Neutral pH. Biomacromolecules 2014, 15, 699–706. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nowak, A.P.; Breedveld, V.; Pakstis, L.; Ozbas, B.; Pine, D.J.; Pochan, D.; Deming, T.J. Rapidly recovering hydrogel scaffolds from self-assembling diblock copolypeptide amphiphiles. Nature 2002, 417, 424–428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghoorchian, A.; Simon, J.R.; Bharti, B.; Han, W.; Zhao, X.; Chilkoti, A.; López, G.P. Bioinspired Reversibly Cross-linked Hydrogels Comprising Polypeptide Micelles Exhibit Enhanced Mechanical Properties. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 3122–3130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sano, K.-I.; Kawamura, R.; Tominaga, T.; Oda, N.; Ijiro, K.; Osada, Y. Self-Repairing Filamentous Actin Hydrogel with Hierarchical Structure. Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 4173–4177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sathaye, S.; Mbi, A.; Sonmez, C.; Chen, Y.; Blair, D.L.; Schneider, J.P.; Pochan, D.J. Rheology of peptide- and protein-based physical hydrogels: Are everyday measurements just scratching the surface? WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 2015, 7, 34–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jacob, R.S.; Ghosh, D.; Singh, P.K.; Basu, S.K.; Jha, N.N.; Das, S.; Sukul, P.K.; Patil, S.; Sathaye, S.; Kumar, A.; et al. Self healing hydrogels composed of amyloid nano fibrils for cell culture and stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials 2015, 54, 97–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cai, L.; Dewi, R.E.; Heilshorn, S.C. Injectable Hydrogels with In Situ Double Network Formation Enhance Retention of Transplanted Stem Cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 1344–1351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Murphy, S.V.; Atala, A. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat. Biotechnol. 2014, 32, 773–785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kirchmajer, D.M.; Gorkin, R., III; in het Panhuis, M. An overview of the suitability of hydrogel-forming polymers for extrusion-based 3D-printing. J. Mater. Chem. B 2015, 3, 4105–4117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, G.-H.; Hsu, S.-H. Review: Polymeric-Based 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering. J. Med. Biol. Eng. 2015, 35, 285–292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jungst, T.; Smolan, W.; Schacht, K.; Scheibel, T.; Groll, J. Strategies and Molecular Design Criteria for 3D Printable Hydrogels. Chem. Rev. 2015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Highley, C.B.; Rodell, C.B.; Burdick, J.A. Direct 3D Printing of Shear-Thinning Hydrogels into Self-Healing Hydrogels. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 5075–5079. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rodell, C.B.; Mealy, J.E.; Burdick, J.A. Supramolecular Guest-Host Interactions for the Preparation of Biomedical Materials. Bioconjug. Chem. 2015, 26, 2279–2289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ozbolat, I.T. Bioprinting scale-up tissue and organ constructs for transplantation. Trends Biotechnol. 2015, 33, 395–400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, L.; Ding, J. Injectable hydrogels as unique biomedical materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 1473–1481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bae, K.H.; Wang, L.-S.; Kurisawa, M. Injectable biodegradable hydrogels: Progress and challenges. J. Mater. Chem. B 2013, 1, 5371–5388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pape, A.C.H.; Bakker, M.H.; Tseng, C.C.S.; Bastings, M.M.C.; Koudstaal, S.; Agostoni, P.; Chamuleau, A.A.J.; Dankers, P.Y.W. An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart. J. Vis. Exp. 2015, 100, 52450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gaffey, A.C.; Chen, M.H.; Venkataraman, C.M.; Trubelja, A.; Rodell, C.B.; Dinh, P.V.; Hung, G.H.; MacArthur, J.W.; Soopan, R.V.; Burdick, J.A.; et al. Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels used to deliver endothelial progenitor cells, enhance cell engraftment, and improve ischemic myocardium. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2015, 150, 1268–1277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, B.; Wang, C.; Ju, Y.M.; West, L.; Harmon, J.; Moussy, Y.; Moussy, F. Use of hydrogel coating to improve the performance of implanted glucose sensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2008, 23, 1278–1284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Goodman, S.B.; Yao, Z.; Keeney, M.; Yang, F. The Future of Biologic Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants. Biomaterials 2013, 34, 3174–3183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Agarwal, R.; García, A.J. Biomaterial strategies for engineering implants for enhanced osseointegration and bone repair. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2015, 94, 53–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, S.; Bellinger, A.M.; Glettig, D.L.; Barman, R.; Lee, Y.-A.L.; Zhu, J.; Cleveland, C.; Montgomery, V.A.; Gu, L.; Nash, L.D.; et al. A pH-responsive supramolecular polymer gel as an enteric elastomer for use in gastric devices. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 1065–1071. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Luo, F.; Sun, T.L.; Nakajima, T.; Kurokawa, T.; Ihsan, A.B.; Li, X.; Guo, H.; Gong, J.P. Free Reprocessability of Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels Based on Polyion Complex. ACS Macro Lett. 2015, 4, 961–964. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cameron, A.R.; Frith, J.E.; Gomez, G.A.; Yap, A.S.; Cooper-White, J.J. The effect of time-dependent deformation of viscoelastic hydrogels on myogenic induction and Rac1 activity in mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2014, 35, 1857–1868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Strandman, S.; Zhu, X.X. Self-Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Reversible Physical Interactions. Gels 2016, 2, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2020016
Strandman S, Zhu XX. Self-Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Reversible Physical Interactions. Gels. 2016; 2(2):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrandman, Satu, and X.X. Zhu. 2016. "Self-Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Reversible Physical Interactions" Gels 2, no. 2: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2020016