Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Protein Hydrolysates in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) during the Nursery Phase
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design and Diet Formulation
2.2. Water Quality Monitoring
2.3. Zootechnical Performance and Animal Welfare Assessment
2.4. Centesimal Chemical Composition of Feeds and Shrimp
2.5. Enzymatic Activity Assessment
2.6. Total Hemocyte Count
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Zootechnical Performance and Animal Welfare Assessment
3.2. Centesimal Chemical Composition of Feeds and Shrimp
3.3. Enzymatic Activity Assessment
3.4. Total Hemocyte Count
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients (g kg−1) | Treatments | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | |
Soybean meal | 350.0 | 350.0 | 350.0 | 350.0 | 350.0 | 350.0 |
Wheat flour | 129.9 | 136.8 | 136.7 | 135.2 | 125.8 | 124.0 |
Wheat bran | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
Poultry viscera flour | 150.0 | 146.2 | 137.8 | 150.0 | 160.3 | 162.7 |
Fish meal | 247.6 | 165.0 | 165.0 | 165.0 | 165.0 | 165.0 |
Chicken protein hydrolysate (CPH) | 0.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
CPH + maltodextrin | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 |
CPH + yeast | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 60.0 |
Feather hydrolysate BRF® | 0.0 | 0.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Aquabite® | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Antifungal | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Antioxidant | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Limestone | 0.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Binder | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Methionine | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 0.0 | 10.7 | 12.8 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 9.0 |
Lysine | 11.1 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
Soy lecithin | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Fish oil | 29.2 | 32.7 | 36.0 | 30.2 | 30.8 | 30.6 |
Vitamin and mineral supplement 1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
Common salt | 5.7 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 |
Total | 1000.00 | 1000.00 | 1000.00 | 1000.00 | 1000.00 | 1000.00 |
Bromatological composition 2 | ||||||
Dry matter (%) | 93.61 | 94.06 | 93.76 | 93.82 | 93.61 | 92.39 |
Crude protein (%) | 43.02 | 42.70 | 42.53 | 42.83 | 42.73 | 42.27 |
Ethereal extract (%) | 7.24 | 8.04 | 6.75 | 7.74 | 7.80 | 7.06 |
Mineral matter (%) | 11.49 | 11.31 | 10.90 | 11.18 | 10.86 | 10.77 |
Crude energy (kcal kg−1) | 4400.00 | 4420.00 | 4370.00 | 4410.00 | 4330.00 | 4390.00 |
Treatment * | Final Weight (g) | Total Length (cm) | Antenna Length (cm) | Final Biomass (g) | Biomass Gain (g) | Survival (%) | Feed Conversion | Specific Growth Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1.48 ± 0.75 | 4.10 ± 1.09 | 6.93 ± 1.77 | 41.32 ± 3.13 | 35.32 ± 3.13 | 91.00 ± 2.00 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 9.27 ± 0.46 |
T2 | 1.46 ± 0.80 | 3.86 ± 1.12 | 6.74 ± 2.03 | 39.38 ± 2.20 | 33.38 ± 2.20 | 89.00 ± 6.00 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 9.50 ± 0.30 |
T3 | 1.45 ± 0.67 | 3.92 ± 0.92 | 6.68 ± 2.11 | 46.90 ± 17.33 | 40.90 ± 17.33 | 93.00 ± 7.00 | 0.89 ± 0.27 | 9.50 ± 0.32 |
T4 | 1.39 ± 0.67 | 4.03 ± 1.01 | 7.11 ± 2.04 | 40.94 ± 6.25 | 34.94 ± 6.25 | 90.00 ± 6.00 | 0.95 ± 0.14 | 9.66 ± 0.49 |
T5 | 1.64 ± 0.72 | 4.18 ± 0.94 | 7.18 ± 1.90 | 44.70 ± 3.03 | 38.70 ± 3.03 | 91.00 ± 7.00 | 0.86 ± 0.06 | 10.02 ± 0.29 |
T6 | 1.49 ± 0.76 | 4.02 ± 1.06 | 6.77 ± 1.07 | 39.88 ± 5.94 | 33.88 ± 5.94 | 90.00 ± 5.00 | 0.98 ± 0.14 | 9.53 ± 0.62 |
Treatment * | Dry Matter (%) | Crude Protein (%) | Ethereal Extract (%) | Ash (%) | Crude Energy (kcal kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 21.48 ± 0.85 | 15.85 ± 0.15 | 1.34 ± 1.03 | 3.04 ± 0.20 | 1060 ± 12.34 |
T2 | 21.84 ± 0.94 | 16.07 ± 0.27 | 1.45 ± 1.02 | 2.90 ± 0.17 | 1110 ± 20.34 |
T3 | 22.15 ± 1.02 | 16.35 ± 0.23 | 1.87 ± 1.29 | 2.84 ± 0.12 | 1120 ± 22.54 |
T4 | 21.81 ± 0.45 | 15.92 ± 0.17 | 1.65 ± 0.10 | 2.85 ± 0.13 | 1110 ± 18.25 |
T5 | 21.47 ± 0.54 | 15.84 ± 0.19 | 1.33 ± 0.26 | 2.85 ± 0.10 | 1100 ± 13.21 |
T6 | 21.45 ± 0.48 | 15.60 ± 0.23 | 1.18 ± 0.34 | 2.98 ± 0.18 | 1070 ± 10.23 |
Treatment * | Amylase (U/L/mg Protein) | Cellulase (nmol/min/mg Protein) | Lipase (U/L/mg Protein) | Maltase (µmol/min/mg Protein) | Sucrase (µmol/min/mg Protein) | Trypsin (µmol/min/mg Protein) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 13.71 ± 6.73 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 33.73 ± 5.72 | 4.75 ± 1.52 | 1.08 ± 0.29 | 0.11 ± 0.10 |
T2 | 16.14 ± 5.85 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 29.42 ± 6.31 | 3.72 ± 0.90 | 0.82 ± 0.13 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
T3 | 21.25 ± 2.84 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 38.07 ± 9.77 | 4.99 ± 2.90 | 1.00 ± 0.23 | 0.13 ± 0.13 |
T4 | 17.14 ± 5.51 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 33.30 ± 8.47 | 2.99 ± 0.73 | 0.86 ± 0.25 | 0.10 ± 0.11 |
T5 | 16.81 ± 8.34 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 41.09 ± 21.69 | 3.84 ± 1.77 | 0.95 ± 0.33 | 0.07 ± 0.05 |
T6 | 8.78 ± 9.64 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 34.20 ± 18.21 | 3.38 ± 1.23 | 1.39 ± 0.85 | 0.05 ± 0.06 |
Treatment * | Total Hemolytic Cells |
---|---|
T1 | 7 × 106 ± 5 × 105 |
T2 | 5 × 106 ± 3 × 105 |
T3 | 5 × 106 ± 4 × 105 |
T4 | 5 × 106 ± 3 × 105 |
T5 | 8 × 106 ± 4 × 105 |
T6 | 7 × 106 ± 4 × 105 |
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Negrini, C.; Nascimento Ferreira, C.H.d.; Kracizy, R.O.; Ferreira, R.L.; Costa, L.; Mauerwerk, M.T.; Retcheski, M.C.; Cazarolli, L.H.; Boscolo, W.R.; Cupertino Ballester, E.L. Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Protein Hydrolysates in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) during the Nursery Phase. Fishes 2024, 9, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020075
Negrini C, Nascimento Ferreira CHd, Kracizy RO, Ferreira RL, Costa L, Mauerwerk MT, Retcheski MC, Cazarolli LH, Boscolo WR, Cupertino Ballester EL. Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Protein Hydrolysates in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) during the Nursery Phase. Fishes. 2024; 9(2):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020075
Chicago/Turabian StyleNegrini, Celma, Caio Henrique do Nascimento Ferreira, Rafael Ortiz Kracizy, Rosane Lopes Ferreira, Luana Costa, Marlise Teresinha Mauerwerk, Milena Cia Retcheski, Luisa Helena Cazarolli, Wilson Rogério Boscolo, and Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester. 2024. "Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Protein Hydrolysates in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) during the Nursery Phase" Fishes 9, no. 2: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020075