Does Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Applied to the Achilles Tendon Influence Ankle Functionality?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.2.1. Inclusion Criteria
- Individuals with ankle-related pain scores of 0–2 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
- Individuals with no functional impairment in the ankle.
2.2.2. Exclusion Criteria
- Individuals who underwent surgical procedures, such as ankle joint arthrodesis.
- Individuals showing signs of functional impairment in ankle functionality.
- Individuals with ankle-related pain rated >3 on the NPRS.
- Individuals with acute ankle fractures.
2.3. Interventions
2.3.1. Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
2.3.2. Sham Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
2.4. Outcome Measures
2.4.1. Primary Outcome Measure
2.4.2. Secondary Outcome Measures
- Achilles tendon stiffness
- 2.
- Ankle joint range of motion
- 3.
- Heel-rise
2.5. Ethics and Dissemination
2.6. Sample Size
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Enrolled Participants
3.2. Jump Height Comparison
3.3. Comparison of Achilles Tendon Stiffness
3.4. Comparison of Ankle Joint Range of Motion
3.5. Heel-Rise Comparison
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean ± Standard Deviation | |
---|---|
Sex (male/female) | 11/21 |
Age (years) | 28.77 ± 5.45 |
Height (cm) | 167.77 ± 7.35 |
Weight (kg) | 61.89 ± 10.32 |
rESWT | Sham | Change ‡ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Jump height a (cm) | Pre-test | 7.33 ± 4.09 | 8.13 ± 4.11 | |
Post-test | 8.32 ± 4.40 | 8.46 ± 4.60 | −0.14 (−0.61, 0.32) † | |
Change ‡ | 0.23 (0.61, 1.37) *** | 0.08 (−0.11, 1.28) | 0.55 (0.68, 1.32) * | |
Contact time b (ms) | Pre-test | 0.47 ± 0.17 | 0.43 ± 0.14 | |
Post-test | 0.45 ± 0.17 | 0.43 ± 0.14 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) † | |
Change ‡ | 0.12 (−0.05, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.26 (−0.02, 0.01) | |
Flying time a (ms) | Pre-test | 0.21 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | |
Post-test | 0.23 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.00) † | |
Change ‡ | 0.30 (0.01, 0.03) *** | 0.15 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.48 (0.01, 0.02) * | |
Stiffness a (N/m) | Pre-test | 974.72 ± 199.44 | 963.25 ± 188.40 | |
Post-test | 981.94 ± 270.99 | 992.81 ± 268.34 | −10.88 (−81.35, 59.60) † | |
Change ‡ | 0.03 (−52.48, 66.92) | 0.13 (−27.06, 86.18) | 0.13 (−25.06, 58.49) | |
Ankle dorsiflexion b (°) | Pre-test | 12.78 ± 7.79 | 11.56 ± 6.81 | |
Post-test | 16.03 ± 7.33 | 13.38 ± 5.79 | 2.66 (0.90, 4.41) † | |
Change ‡ | 0.43 (1.84, 4.66) *** | 0.29 (0.30, 3.32) * | 0.34 (1.46, 3.66) | |
Ankle plantar flexion b (°) | Pre-test | 59.59 ± 8.86 | 62.75 ± 10.59 | |
Post-test | 63.78 ± 12.23 | 62.41 ± 10.24 | 1.38 (−1.23, 3.98) † | |
Change ‡ | 0.39 (1.23, 7.15) * | 0.03 (−3.14, 2.46) | 0.54 (4.40, 8.53) * | |
Heel-rise a (cm) | Pre-test | 12.01 ± 1.33 | 12.03 ± 1.52 | |
Post-test | 12.72 ± 1.39 | 12.28 ± 1.36 | 0.44 (0.20, 0.69) † | |
Change ‡ | 0.52 (0.50, 0.92) *** | 0.17 (0.02, 0.48) * | 0.73 (0.46, 0.79) ** |
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Joo, Y.; Choi, W.; Jung, J.; Kim, H.; Park, S.; Lee, S.; Lee, S. Does Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Applied to the Achilles Tendon Influence Ankle Functionality? J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020067
Joo Y, Choi W, Jung J, Kim H, Park S, Lee S, Lee S. Does Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Applied to the Achilles Tendon Influence Ankle Functionality? Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(2):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020067
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoo, Younglan, Wonjae Choi, Jihye Jung, Hyunjoong Kim, Sungeon Park, Sangbong Lee, and Seungwon Lee. 2024. "Does Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Applied to the Achilles Tendon Influence Ankle Functionality?" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 2: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020067