A Comparison between Core Stability Exercises and Muscle Thickness Using Two Different Activation Maneuvers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Ultrasound Muscles Thickness Measurements
2.4. Exercise Protocol
- (a)
- The plank exercise with elbow support and one arm extended: this variation of the traditional plank exercise primarily targets the core muscles, including the rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, erector spinae, transverse abdominis, and lumbar multifidus.
- (b)
- The bird dog exercise: this bodyweight exercise targets the muscles of the back, abdominals, hips, and glutes.
- (c)
- The shoulder bridge exercise with one leg extended: this variation of the traditional shoulder bridge exercise targets the lower back, abs, glutes, and hamstrings.
- (d)
- The Pilates toe tap exercise: this well-known Pilates exercise targets the transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, and obliques, working to strengthen the core.
- (e)
- The dead bug exercise: this bodyweight exercise targets several muscles, including the rectus abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques, transverse abdominis, multifidus, erector spinae, and the pelvic floor.
- (f)
- The beast crawling exercise: this exercise is a variation of the static Beast Hold exercise. It targets the core muscles, including the transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, erector spinae, and spinal back muscles, as well as the shoulders and quads.
- (g)
- The side plank exercise with extended arm: this variation of the traditional side plank exercise targets the oblique abdominal and lateral hip muscles.
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Ultrasound Relative Thickness
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | Height | Weight | BMI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | ||
Total Sample | N = 44 | 27.0 ± 3.03 | 1.71 ± 0.08 | 64.4 ± 11.4 | 21.9 ± 2.34 |
Male | N = 18 | 28.3 ± 3.05 | 1.78 ± 0.05 | 74.8 ± 8.51 | 23.5 ± 2.10 |
Female | N = 26 | 26.1 ± 10.0 | 1.65 ± 0.06 | 57.2 ± 6.43 | 20.8 ± 1.82 |
Exercise | Muscle | Bracing | Hollowing |
---|---|---|---|
Plank | TrA | 75.4 ± 27.5 | 90.1 ± 31.8 * |
IO | 37.6 ± 15.0 # | 47.5 ± 17.4 *# | |
LM Total | 19.4 ± 6.77 ˆ 44.1 ± 11.2 | 22.7 ± 7.80 *ˆ 53.7 ± 13.2 * | |
Bird Dog | TrA | 87.1 ± 20.1 | 106. ± 24.5 * |
IO | 45.5 ± 16.4 # | 54.8 ± 18.4 *# | |
LM Total | 19.9 ± 9.69 ˆ 50.8 ± 9.54 | 24.5 ± 9.93 *ˆ 61.9 ± 12.1 * | |
Bridge | TrA | 79.2 ± 22.9 | 91.1 ± 23.5 * |
IO | 36.2 ± 14.6 # | 45.4 ± 16.8 *# | |
LM Total | 22.1 ± 9.49 ˆ 45.8 ± 11.1 | 26.7 ± 9.97 *ˆ 54.4 ± 12.4 * | |
Toe Tap | TrA | 81.3 ± 23.4 | 91.9 ± 22.2 * |
IO | 40.2 ± 16.1 # | 44.6 ± 16.5 *# | |
LM Total | 21.4 ± 7.99 ˆ 47.6 ± 10.2 | 26.3 ± 9.16*ˆ 54.3 ± 11.4 * | |
Dead Bug | TrA | 82.9 ± 26.1 | 99.6 ± 24.2 * |
IO | 36.4 ± 15.9 # | 45.0 ± 15.8 *# | |
LM Total | 22.8 ± 9.68 ˆ 47.4 ± 13.5 | 28.3 ± 11.1 *ˆ 57.6 ± 11.3 * | |
Beast Crawl | TrA | 78.1 ± 17.9 | 97.7 ± 22.9 * |
IO | 45.6 ± 17.3 # | 54.4 ± 17.8 *# | |
LM Total | 18.7 ± 7.40 ˆ 47.5 ± 8.69 | 23.6 ± 11.1 *ˆ 58.6 ± 10.6 * | |
Side Plank | TrA | 84.8 ± 23.6 | 98.7 ± 24.1 * |
IO | 48.3 ± 17.9 # | 59.4 ± 19.4 *# | |
LM Total | 24.2 ± 9.85 ˆ 52.4 ± 11.9 | 27.5 ± 10.5 *ˆ 61.9 ± 13.3 * |
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Tsartsapakis, I.; Bagioka, I.; Fountoukidou, F.; Kellis, E. A Comparison between Core Stability Exercises and Muscle Thickness Using Two Different Activation Maneuvers. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020070
Tsartsapakis I, Bagioka I, Fountoukidou F, Kellis E. A Comparison between Core Stability Exercises and Muscle Thickness Using Two Different Activation Maneuvers. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(2):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020070
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsartsapakis, Ioannis, Ioanna Bagioka, Flora Fountoukidou, and Eleftherios Kellis. 2024. "A Comparison between Core Stability Exercises and Muscle Thickness Using Two Different Activation Maneuvers" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 2: 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020070