Astigmatism Management in Modern Cataract Surgery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Prevalence
1.2. Age-Related Changes in Astigmatism
1.3. Economic and Fall Risk Impact
1.4. Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism
1.5. Impact on Premium Intraocular Lens Outcomes
2. Preoperative Evaluation
2.1. Calculation Methods/Formulas
2.2. Preoperative Ocular Surface Management
2.3. Corneal Topography Limitations
2.4. Corneal Tomography
2.5. Swept Source OCT
2.6. Posterior Corneal Astigmatism
2.7. Surgically Induced Astigmatism
3. Correction of Low Astigmatism
3.1. Steepest Meridian Clear Corneal Incision
3.2. Manual Corneal Relaxing Incisions
3.3. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Arcuate Keratotomy
3.4. Manual vs. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Arcuate Keratotomy
3.5. Arcuate Keratotomy vs. Toric IOL Implantation
3.6. Toric Intraocular Lens
3.7. Light Adjustable Lens
4. Correction of Moderate-to-High Astigmatism
4.1. Toric Intraocular Lens
4.2. Intraoperative Alignment Technology
4.3. Intraoperative Aberrometry
5. Postoperative Residual Astigmatism
5.1. Prevalence and Etiology
5.2. Management
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Technology | PCI/OLCI/OLCR | Scheimpflug | SS-OCT |
---|---|---|---|
Instruments | IOLMaster 500 AL-Scan OA-1000 Lenstar LS900 Aladdin | Pentacam HR Galilei G4 | IOLMaster 700 Argos OA-2000 ANTERION |
Mechanism | Low or partial-coherence Interferometry with topography | Three-dimensional rendering of the anterior segment | High-resolution cross-sectional images of the eye |
Advantages | Efficiency, accuracy | Detailed rendering, irregular corneas | Resolution, accuracy |
Disadvantages | Limited parameters, limited detail or resolution | Cost, proper alignment | Cost |
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Park, R.B.; Aref, A.A. Astigmatism Management in Modern Cataract Surgery. Vision 2024, 8, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8010009
Park RB, Aref AA. Astigmatism Management in Modern Cataract Surgery. Vision. 2024; 8(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8010009
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Royce B., and Ahmad A. Aref. 2024. "Astigmatism Management in Modern Cataract Surgery" Vision 8, no. 1: 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8010009