Impact of Gap-Graded Soil Geometrical Characteristics on Soil Response to Suffusion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Apparatus
2.2. Bender Element Assembles
2.3. Specimen Preparation Technique
2.4. Erosion Testing Regime
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- The percent of erosion follows the trend of global volume change with increasing fine particle content in the 15% to 35% range. It is possible that the influence of particle readjustment could overwhelm fine particle loss. Either a higher initial fine particle content or gap ratio presents a severe change in global volume of the specimen.
- The soil particle content in the bottom layer obviously overshoots that of the upper soil layers by stacking, whereas the upper layers of the soil samples show a similar percentage and pattern of granule loss.
- Fine particle content has a negative impact on the transmission of shear waves through soil, whereas relative density is positively associated with shear wave velocity independent of the assumed unstable, metastable, and stable status of soils.
- Samples with a higher initial fine particle content are prone to experience more erosion percentage.
- The erosion process tends to take place concentrating on the initial 20 min despite varied fine particle proportions, with a slight fluctuation afterwards. For the sample with a higher fine particle content (35%), the effective erosion period is lengthened, but 120 min is sufficient to complete the erosion process with a reasonable surplus.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gr | Fc | Rd | Soil Gradation | emax | emin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D60 (mm) | D30 (mm) | D10 (mm) | Cu | Cc | |||||
5.2 | 15 | 30% | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.19 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 0.70 | 0.44 |
60% | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.19 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 0.70 | 0.44 | ||
90% | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.19 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 0.70 | 0.44 | ||
3.2 | 25 | 60% | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.14 | 10.7 | 2.3 | 0.63 | 0.40 |
5.2 | 30% | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.14 | 12.1 | 7.1 | 0.67 | 0.36 | |
60% | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.14 | 12.1 | 7.1 | 0.67 | 0.36 | ||
90% | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.14 | 12.1 | 7.1 | 0.67 | 0.36 | ||
9.8 | 60% | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 18.0 | 8.0 | 0.77 | 0.29 | |
5.2 | 35 | 30% | 1.6 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 13.3 | 0.3 | 0.62 | 0.38 |
60% | 1.6 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 13.3 | 0.3 | 0.62 | 0.38 | ||
90% | 1.6 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 13.3 | 0.3 | 0.62 | 0.38 |
Tested Soil | Loading | Erosion | Initial Water Content | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Specimen | Vertical Pressure (kPa) | Inflow Velocity (mL/min) | Duration (min) | Percentage (%) |
F15-G5.2-R60 | 27.56 | 600 | 120 | 6 |
F25-G5.2-R60 | 27.56 | 610 | 117 | 6 |
F35-G5.2-R60 | 27.56 | 600 | 122 | 6 |
F25-G3.2-R60 | 27.56 | 590 | 122 | 6 |
F25-G9.8-R60 | 27.56 | 605 | 119 | 6 |
Sample Code | Mass Density | Frequency | Travel Time | Shear Wave Velocity | G0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(kg/m3) | (kHz) | () | (m/s) | (MPa) | |
F15-G5.2-R30 | 1.77 | 5.0 | 1250 | 70.40 | 8.76 |
F25-G5.2-R30 | 1.82 | 5.3 | 1410 | 62.41 | 7.52 |
F35-G5.2-R30 | 1.85 | 5.2 | 1490 | 59.06 | 6.47 |
F15-G5.2-R60 | 1.86 | 5.0 | 1230 | 71.54 | 9.51 |
F25-G5.2-R60 | 1.93 | 5.1 | 1300 | 67.69 | 8.84 |
F35-G5.2-R60 | 1.94 | 5.1 | 1350 | 65.19 | 8.26 |
F15-G5.2-R90 | 1.96 | 5.0 | 1190 | 73.95 | 10.70 |
F25-G5.2-R90 | 2.06 | 5.1 | 1280 | 68.75 | 9.73 |
F35-G5.2-R90 | 2.04 | 5.0 | 1310 | 67.18 | 9.22 |
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Dong, C.; Disfani, M.M. Impact of Gap-Graded Soil Geometrical Characteristics on Soil Response to Suffusion. Geotechnics 2024, 4, 337-349. https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics4010018
Dong C, Disfani MM. Impact of Gap-Graded Soil Geometrical Characteristics on Soil Response to Suffusion. Geotechnics. 2024; 4(1):337-349. https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics4010018
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Chen, and Mahdi M. Disfani. 2024. "Impact of Gap-Graded Soil Geometrical Characteristics on Soil Response to Suffusion" Geotechnics 4, no. 1: 337-349. https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics4010018