Pearl Millet-Cowpea Forage Mixture Planting Arrangement Influences Mixture Yield and Nutritive Value in Semiarid Regions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description, Climate, and Weather
2.2. Study Layout, Experimental Design, and Management
2.3. Measurements
2.4. Statistical Description
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Cowpea DM Yield and Nutritive Value
3.2. Pearl Millet DM Yield and Nutritive Value
3.3. Total Forage DM Yield and Nutritive Value
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Annual |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature, °C | |||||||||||||
2019 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 9.1 | 15.7 | 21.4 | 26.0 | 29.0 | 25.9 | 23.9 | 15.4 | 7.6 | 4.7 | 15.4 |
2022 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 14.3 | 17.4 | 23.9 | 27.8 | 27.6 | 25.0 | 12.3 | 3.2 | 5.7 | 14.6 |
Long-term | 3.5 | 5.6 | 9.5 | 14.2 | 19.1 | 24.3 | 26.2 | 25.2 | 21.6 | 15.2 | 8.6 | 4.0 | 14.7 |
Precipitation/irrigation, mm | |||||||||||||
2019 | 4 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 54/140 | 48/165 | 86/57 | 1 | 50 | 7 | 0 | 278/362 |
2022 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 24 | 47 | 31/133 | 51/184 | 34/159 | 43 | 35 | 25 | 15 | 316/476 |
Long-term | 10 | 12 | 19 | 28 | 47 | 47/--- | 67/--- | 68/--- | 39 | 34 | 17 | 16 | 398/--- |
Effect | Yield | CP | NDF | NDFD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Mg DM ha−1 | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | |
2019 | 1.26 | 162 | 337 | 503 | |
2022 | 0.54 | 187 | 428 | 576 | |
Treatment (TRT) | |||||
Cowpea | 2.07 | A | 175 | 360 | 532 |
Millet–cowpea | 0.51 | B | 179 | 393 | 552 |
Millet–cowpea 1:1 | 0.67 | B | 175 | 382 | 532 |
Millet–cowpea 2:2 | 0.51 | B | 168 | 386 | 547 |
Millet–cowpea 4:4 | 0.76 | B | 177 | 392 | 535 |
LSD, 0.10 | 0.31 | 21 | 37 | 49 | |
p-values | |||||
Year | 0.0009 | 0.0142 | 0.0026 | 0.0033 | |
TRT | <0.0001 | 0.9187 | 0.4980 | 0.8860 | |
Year × TRT | 0.0821 | 0.4685 | 0.7110 | 0.7016 |
Effect | Yield | CP | NDF | NDFD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Mg DM ha−1 | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | ||
2019 | 9.24 | 85 | 693 | 568 | ||
2022 | 8.92 | 136 | 664 | 564 | ||
Treatment (TRT) | ||||||
Millet | 12.09 | 107 | 676 | AB | 577 | A |
Millet–cowpea | 8.57 | 111 | 683 | A | 574 | A |
Millet–cowpea 1:1 | 6.99 | 110 | 678 | AB | 560 | AB |
Millet–cowpea 2:2 | 9.20 | 121 | 664 | B | 574 | A |
Millet–cowpea 4:4 | 8.55 | 105 | 693 | A | 546 | B |
LSD, 0.10 | 3.30 | 11 | 16 | 20 | ||
p-values | ||||||
Year | 0.8006 | <0.0001 | 0.0146 | 0.7592 | ||
TRT | 0.1508 | 0.1834 | 0.0611 | 0.0770 | ||
Year × TRT | 0.4292 | 0.4087 | 0.5312 | 0.2144 |
Yield | Legume | LER | CP | NDF | NDFD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Mg DM ha−1 | % | ----- | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | ||
2019 | 9.96 | 11.89 | 1.08 | 92 | 659 | 563 | ||
2022 | 9.17 | 4.12 | 0.91 | 138 | 657 | 564 | ||
Treatment (TRT) | ||||||||
Millet | 12.09 | ----- | 1.00 | 107 | 673 | A | 577 | A |
Millet–cowpea | 9.08 | 7.02 | 0.93 | 115 | 662 | ABC | 571 | A |
Millet–cowpea 1:1 | 7.66 | 10.52 | 0.90 | 118 | 644 | C | 554 | AB |
Millet–cowpea 2:2 | 9.71 | 6.58 | 1.01 | 123 | 646 | BC | 571 | A |
Millet–cowpea 4:4 | 9.31 | 7.91 | 1.14 | 112 | 666 | AB | 544 | B |
LSD, 0.10 | 3.33 | 3.89 | 0.29 | 11 | 18 | 19 | ||
p-values | ||||||||
Year | 0.5345 | 0.0434 | 0.1598 | <0.0001 | 0.8774 | 0.9088 | ||
TRT | 0.2725 | 0.3415 | 0.6281 | 0.1468 | 0.0475 | 0.0513 | ||
Year × TRT | 0.4162 | 0.1991 | 0.4097 | 0.2930 | 0.6853 | 0.2383 |
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Lauriault, L.M.; Darapuneni, M.K.; Martinez, G.K. Pearl Millet-Cowpea Forage Mixture Planting Arrangement Influences Mixture Yield and Nutritive Value in Semiarid Regions. Crops 2023, 3, 266-275. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3040024
Lauriault LM, Darapuneni MK, Martinez GK. Pearl Millet-Cowpea Forage Mixture Planting Arrangement Influences Mixture Yield and Nutritive Value in Semiarid Regions. Crops. 2023; 3(4):266-275. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3040024
Chicago/Turabian StyleLauriault, Leonard M., Murali K. Darapuneni, and Gasper K. Martinez. 2023. "Pearl Millet-Cowpea Forage Mixture Planting Arrangement Influences Mixture Yield and Nutritive Value in Semiarid Regions" Crops 3, no. 4: 266-275. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3040024