Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain W83 Infection Induces Liver Injury in Experimental Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease (ALD) in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals Fed with Alcohol
2.2. Bacteria Preparation and Mouse Treatment
2.3. RNA Isolation and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Real-Time PCR)
2.4. Western Blot Analysis, Serum Lcn2 ELISA Assay and Serum AST/ALT Activity Measurement
2.5. Immunohistochemistry Staining
2.6. Liver Tissue Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining (H&E Staining) [21]
2.7. Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase (CAE) Staining
2.8. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) Assay
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pg Infection of Alcohol-Fed Mice Induced Liver Injury
3.2. Pg Infection of Alcohol-Fed Mice Induced Infiltration of Inflammatory Monocytes/Macrophages but Repressed Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines
3.3. Pg Infection of Alcohol-Fed Mice Induced Neutrophil Infiltration and Defective Bacterial Clearance
3.4. Pg Infection of Alcohol-Fed Mice Induced Inflammasome Activation and Cell Death
3.5. Pg Infection of Alcohol-Fed Mice Induced Lipogenesis-Related Gene Expression
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AH | alcohol-associated steatohepatitis |
AF | alcohol-fed |
ALD | alcohol-associated liver diseases |
ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
C5ar | C5a receptor |
Cr3 | complement receptor 3 |
CFU | colony-forming units |
H and E | hematoxylin and eosin |
Hmgb1 | high mobility group box-1 protein gene |
IP | intraperitoneal injection |
KC | Kupffer cell |
Lcn2 | lipocalin 2 |
Ncf1 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 1 |
PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
PD | periodontal disease |
Pg | P. gingivalis W83 stain infection |
PF | pair-fed |
TUNEL | terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay |
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Gene Name | Forward Primer (FW) | Reverse Primer (RE) |
---|---|---|
Actb | 5′-AGACTTCGAGCAGGAGATGG | 5′-CGCTCGTTGCCAATAGTGAT |
Ccr2 | 5′-GCCTGATCCTGCCTCTACTT | 5′-GGCAAAGATGAGCCTCACAG |
Ccr5 | 5′-CACACCCTGTTTCGCTGTAG | 5’-ATTCCTGGAAGGTGGTCAGG |
Ccl2 | 5′-GGCCTGCTGTTCACAGTTGC | 5′-CCTGCTGCTGGTGATCCTCT |
Myd88 | 5′-CAAGTTTGCACTCAGCCTGT | 5′-AACCGCAGGATACTGGGAAA |
Il6 | 5′-TCCAGTTGCCTTCTTGGGACT | 5′-GCCTCCGACTTGTGAAGTGGT |
Tnf | 5′-CCAGCCGATGGGTTGTACCT | 5′-TGACGGCAGAGAGGAGGTTG |
Il1b | 5′-GGCCTTGGGCCTCAAAGGAA | 5′-GCTTGGGATCCACACTCTCCA |
Ifng | 5′-CAGGCCATCAGCAACAACAT | 5′-GACCTGTGGGTTGTTGACCT |
Ncf1 | 5′-CTTCAGACCTATCGGGCCAT | 5′-CGCTTTGTCTTCATCTGGCA |
Lcn2 | 5′-ATGTCACCTCCATCCTGGTC | 5′-GTGGCCACTTGCACATTGTA |
C5ar1 | 5′-TCCTGCTGCTGGCTACCATT | 5′-GCTAAGACCCAGGCCACTCC |
Cybb | 5′-TTGCTGTGCACCATGATGAG | 5′-GGGTGTTCACTTGCAATGGT |
Sod2 | 5′-CCGAGGAGAAGTACCACGAG | 5′-TAGGGCTCAGGTTTGTCCAG |
Cd18 | 5′-GCCCTCAACGAGATCACCGA | 5′-CTGGCAGGCCTTCTCCTTGT |
Pg 16S rRNA | 5′-CTGACACTGAAGCACGAAGG | 5′-CTTAACGCTTTCGCTGTGGA |
Universal 16S | 5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGT | 5′-ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGC |
18S rRNA | 5′-CCGGACACGGACAGGATTGA | 5′-GCATGCCAGAGTCTCGTTCG |
C5ar2 | 5′-CCTGGCTCACAGTGCTCTCA | 5′-TGGTCACCGCACTTTCCTCA |
Tlr9 | 5′-AGCCTGAGCCACACCAACAT | 5′-GTCACCTTCACCGCTCCTGT |
Il18 | 5′-TTTCTGGACTCCTGCCTGCT | 5′-TGGAAGGTTTGAGGCGGCTT |
Hmgb1 | 5′-AATCAAAGGCGAGCATCCTG | 5′-TCAGCTTGGCAGCTTTCTTC |
Tgfb1 | 5′-CCCGTGGCTTCTAGTGCTGA | 5′-ACAGGATCTGGCCACGGATG |
ChREBP | 5′-GACAGCGGAGTACATCCTGA | 5′-AAGTTGATGGCAGCGTTGAG |
Srebf1 | 5′-GCAAGGCCATCGACTACATC | 5′-CTGACACCAGGTCCTTCAGT |
Fasn | 5′-AAGTTGCCCGAGTCAGAGAA | 5′-TTCCAGACCGCTTGGGTAAT |
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Zhou, Y.; McClain, C.; Feng, W. Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain W83 Infection Induces Liver Injury in Experimental Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease (ALD) in Mice. Appl. Microbiol. 2024, 4, 620-634. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4020043
Zhou Y, McClain C, Feng W. Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain W83 Infection Induces Liver Injury in Experimental Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease (ALD) in Mice. Applied Microbiology. 2024; 4(2):620-634. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4020043
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Yun, Craig McClain, and Wenke Feng. 2024. "Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain W83 Infection Induces Liver Injury in Experimental Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease (ALD) in Mice" Applied Microbiology 4, no. 2: 620-634. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4020043