Genomic and Functional Characterization of CTX-M-15-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 Isolated from Imported Leopard Tortoises in Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection and Bacterial Species Identification
2.2. Genomic Analysis
2.3. Phenotypic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Chromosomal Mutations
3.2. Virulence-Associated Genes
3.3. Genomic Analysis
3.4. Phenotypic Analysis
3.4.1. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
3.4.2. Mucoid Phenotype, Siderophore Production and Serum Resistance
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antimicrobial 1 | Interpretation | MIC (mg/L) |
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid | I | =16/8 |
Cephalexin * | R | >16 |
Cefovecin * | R | >4 |
Chloramphenicol | S | =4 |
Doxycycline * | R | >1 |
Enrofloxacin * | R | >2 |
Florfenicol * | I | =8 |
Gentamicin | R | >4 |
Pradofloxacin * | R | >1 |
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole | R | >2/38 |
Tetracycline | NS | >4 |
Antimicrobial 2 | Interpretation | MIC (mg/L) |
ESBL | Positive | |
Ampicillin/Sulbactam | R | ≥32 |
Piperacillin/Tazobactam | NS | =16 |
Cefuroxim | R | ≥64 |
Cefuroxim-Axetil | R | ≥64 |
Cefpodoxim | R | ≥8 |
Cefotaxim | R | ≥64 |
Ceftazidim | R | =32 |
Imipenem | S | ≤0.25 |
Meropenem | S | ≤0.25 |
Gentamicin | R | ≥16 |
Ciprofloxacin | R | ≥4 |
Tigecycline | S | ≤0.5 |
Fosfomycin | S | ≤16 |
Nitrofurantoin | S | =32 |
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole | R | ≥320 |
Antimicrobial 3 | Interpretation | MIC (mg/L) |
Temocillin | NS | ≤4 |
Ceftazidim/Avibactam | S | =0.25 |
Ceftolozan/Tazobactam | S | ≤0.25 |
Imipenem/Relebactam | S | ≤0.25 |
Meropenem/Vaborbactam | S | ≤0.5 |
Eravacyclin | S | 0.25 |
Colistin | I | 0.5 |
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Schmidt, T.J.; Aurich, S.; Unger, F.; Eisenberg, T.; Ewers, C. Genomic and Functional Characterization of CTX-M-15-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 Isolated from Imported Leopard Tortoises in Germany. Appl. Microbiol. 2024, 4, 782-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4020054
Schmidt TJ, Aurich S, Unger F, Eisenberg T, Ewers C. Genomic and Functional Characterization of CTX-M-15-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 Isolated from Imported Leopard Tortoises in Germany. Applied Microbiology. 2024; 4(2):782-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4020054
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchmidt, Tammy J., Sophie Aurich, Franziska Unger, Tobias Eisenberg, and Christa Ewers. 2024. "Genomic and Functional Characterization of CTX-M-15-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 Isolated from Imported Leopard Tortoises in Germany" Applied Microbiology 4, no. 2: 782-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4020054