Evaluation of Mediterranean Tree Leaves as Valuable Biomass of Digestive Enzymes and Bacterial Inhibitors in the Concept of Circular Bioeconomy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Plant Materials
2.3. Serial Extraction of Plant Material
2.4. Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Leaf Extracts
2.5. Inhibitory Effect of Leaf Extracts on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes
2.6. Bactericidal Effects of Leaf Extracts
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Leaf Extracts
3.2. Inhibitory Effect of Leaf Extracts on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes
3.3. Anti-Bacterial Potential of Leaf Extracts
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant | Solvent | Bacillus cereus | Listeria monocytogenes | Staphylococcus aureus | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | ||
Carob | Hexane | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 |
Acetone | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 | |
Methanol | 250 | 500 | >2000 | >2000 | 250 | 500 | |
Water | 250 | 500 | >2000 | >2000 | 250 | 500 | |
Fig | Hexane | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 |
Acetone | 1000 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Lentisk | Hexane | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 |
Acetone | 500 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 | |
Methanol | 250 | 500 | 500 | 1000 | 500 | 1000 | |
Water | 250 | 500 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 | |
Mediterranean medlar | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 | |
Methanol | 1000 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | 1000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Olive | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Walnut | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | 1000 | >2000 |
Acetone | 500 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | 1000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
White mulberry | Hexane | 500 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | 250 | 500 |
Acetone | 500 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | 250 | 500 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | 500 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Plant | Solvent | Cronobacter sakazakii | Escherichia coli | Salmonella enterica | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | ||
Carob | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Fig | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Lentisk | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Mediterranean medlar | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Olive | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | 1000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Walnut | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
White mulberry | Hexane | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
Acetone | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Methanol | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | |
Water | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 | >2000 |
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Christou, A.; Stavrou, K.; Michael, C.; Botsaris, G.; Goulas, V. Evaluation of Mediterranean Tree Leaves as Valuable Biomass of Digestive Enzymes and Bacterial Inhibitors in the Concept of Circular Bioeconomy. Biomass 2024, 4, 442-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass4020022
Christou A, Stavrou K, Michael C, Botsaris G, Goulas V. Evaluation of Mediterranean Tree Leaves as Valuable Biomass of Digestive Enzymes and Bacterial Inhibitors in the Concept of Circular Bioeconomy. Biomass. 2024; 4(2):442-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass4020022
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristou, Atalanti, Konstantina Stavrou, Christodoulos Michael, George Botsaris, and Vlasios Goulas. 2024. "Evaluation of Mediterranean Tree Leaves as Valuable Biomass of Digestive Enzymes and Bacterial Inhibitors in the Concept of Circular Bioeconomy" Biomass 4, no. 2: 442-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass4020022